F 124 
.T16 




Glass 
Book 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 




New York Central 



AND HUDSON RIVER RAILWAY. 

ROME. WATERTOWN & OGDENSBURG RAILROAD. 



New York, Saratoga, Niagara Falls, 

THOUSAND ISLANDS, M ASSENA SPRINGS. 




TaINTOR BfIOTH ERS & C O, : 
_ I a:^ 2 O A s To r P I ace. New yo t-u. 



THE AGENTS OF 

The Cheque Bank, Limited, 
of London, 

issue for the special use of American Tourists, Cheques in bool 
form, from £5 upward, payable FREE OF COMMISSIO 
OR DISCOUNT, in every Town in Europe; also payable i 
the Bank of Bermuda, Hamilton, and at all the Branches oft 
Colonial Bank in the West India Islands; also at the Lond. 
Bank of Mexico and South America in Mexico City, and 
other parts of the world. 

Much cheaper than Letters of Credit. Send for 
particulars to 

E. J. MATHEWS & COMPANY, Bankers, 
2 Wall Street, New York. 



TOURISTS AND INVALIDS 

wishing to escape the severity of our Northern Winters, can find no re 
attractive places than the 

BERMUDA ISLAND 



— AND— S* 

WEST INDIES I 

The Steamship Orinoco, 2,000 tons, together with the magnifici 
new Steamship Trinidad, 2,160 tons, 1,500 hcrse power, highest cla: 
100 A I at Lloyd's, built expressly for this route in 1S85. with unsurpass 
accommodations for passengers, leaves New York and Bermuda eve 
Thursday during the season. 

Steamers for West Indies, St. Kitt's Antigua, Dominica, Martiniql 
St. Lucia, Barbados and Trinidad, leave New York and the Islands evt' 
17 days. 

For full particulars, time tables, and descriptive pamphlets, apply tc 

A. E. OUTERBRIDGE & CO., Agents, 

Arthur Ahern, Sec'y, Quebec. 51 Broadws.y, New Yc 



PREPARE! t FOR TAINTOR'S GUIDE BOOKS, PUBLISHED BY TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., NEW YORK 




^'W^Sj3^^%^'7_^] "^^1 ?"^(: :,</> . // 1 ^ ONONDAGA ^J V /' ''~>-~' i *' 












V i, CHENANJpofe'V^'"^, ,/x, y ^SCHOHARIE \ ■ \l) , / ,,/,■. 






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THE 



Massachusetts Mutual 

LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY 

OF 

SPRINGFIELD, MASS. 



INCORPORATED 1851. 



Total Assets, January 1st, 1889, . . $9,565,522.65 

Total Liabilities, January 1st, 1889, . . 8,809,995.0 4 

Surplus bv Massachusetts Standard, . . . $755, .527.61 

Number of Policies issued in 1888, 3,(J31, insuring 12,007,550.00 

Numberof Policies in force Dec. 81, 1888, 18,767, " 49,480,584.00 



^HE MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSUR- 
^^ ANCE COMPANY, of Springfield, is one of the 
oldesL in the United States. 

It was incorporated in the year 1851 by the State 
of Massachusetts, which \A^as the first in the Union 
to inaugurate an "Insurance Department," thus 
instituting State supervision over its companies. 

It was also the first State to legislate concerning 
the forfeiture of policies of life insurance ; its 
famous non-forfeiture law was passed in 1861 and 
amended in 1880. By the recent act of 1887, life 
insurance legislation has reached a degree of 
perfection heretofore unknown. 

THIS Law requires that all policies issued by 
THE MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSUR- 
ANCE COMPANY shall be non-forfeitable after the 
payment of two annual premiums, without any 
further stipulation or act. This naakes the amount 
of paid-up insurance to which the policyholder may 
be entitled, under any circunistances, absolutely 
guaranteed. He may forget his policy, but his 
policy will never forget him. Also, that after the 
payment of two annual premiums, the insured 
may, on any subsequent anniversary of the date 
of issue of said policy, surrender the same, and 
claim and recover from the Company its "Surrender 
Value in Cash." Said Cash Value is fixed by the law 
itself and cannot be changed. 

M. V. B. EDGERLY, President. JOHN A. HALL, Secretary. 
HENRY S. LEE, Vice-President. OSCAR B. IRELAND, Actuary. 




MASSASOIT HOUSE, 

W. H. CHAPIN, Springfield, Mass 



ESTABLISHED 1843 

BY 

M. & E. S. CHAPIN. 



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Perfectly Pure Extracts of Clioicest Fruits, THE BEST. 
UnequaledStrengtlifora.il. Thensands of gross sold. "Winning 
friends everywhere. DEALERS TKEBLE SALKS WITH THEM. 

These Delicious Flavors are used at many of the Finest Hotels in 
the "White Mountains, Saratoga Springs, the Catskills, Seaside 
and Summer Resorts, and in City and Country, and sold by Dealers 
Everywhere. Wholesale Agents in large cities, 

LABORATORY (Home Dept.), WESTFIELD, MASS. 

New York Office, 63 Park Place. 



/ETNA LIFE INSURANCE CO. 

OF HARTFORD, CONN. 

ASSETS, $33, 81 J), 034. J) 7 

SURI'Ll'S \ ^^ M"^>*"<^'i"st'tls aiui C«niii. Stsimliinl, 5,5({G,05.j.24 
' ' <bj ]N('« York StandanI, 7,325,000.00 

CONSERVATIVE, ECONOMICAL, and 
"SOLID AS GRANITE." 

POLICIES NON-FORFEITING AND INCONTESTABLE 
after the death of the insured. 

All desirable plan;* of liisunince, including some which are new and 
especially advantageous. 

ADDRESS THE COMPANY OR ANY OF ITS AGENTS. 



M. G. BllI^KELEY, President. 

J. C. WEBSTEK, Vice President. J. L. ENGLISH, Secretary. 

WEB ST ER'S UNABRIDGED. 



WITH OR WITHOUT PATENT INDEX. 




3000 mom Words and noarly 3000 more II 
lustrations than any other American l»ietion- 
arv. "Invaluable in Schools and Families." 



A DICTIONARY 

IIS.OOO Words, . 'JIM 10 Engravings, 

A GAZETTEER OF THE WORLD 

loi^ating and describing 25,(100 |ilaees, 

A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY 

of nearly lil,0(K» Noted Persons, 

A DICTIONARY OF FICTION 

found onlv in Webster, 

ALL IN ONE BOOK. 



WebsterisStandard Authority in the Government Printing OITice, and with the U. S. 

Supreme Court. It is recommended by State Sup'ts of Schools of 36 States. 
Published by G. & C. MERRIAM & CO., Springfield, Mass. Illustrated Pamphlet free. 

BROTHERHOOD WINES. 

Pure Ports, Sherry, and Clarets of our own production for Medicinal 

or P'amily uses ; endorsed l)y the Medical Fraternity. 

Scntl for J'rivv-ljist to our \eiv York Jloiisr, 'J(i I'esei/ Street, 



OU/i AIMS: 
Absolute Purity, 
Natural Flavor, 
Full Strength. 



J. M. EMERSON & SON, 

Principal Vineyards and Shipping Point, 
WASHINGTONVILLE, N. Y. 



69th ANNUAL STATEMENT, Decpmber 3l8t, 1888. 

/ETNA INSURANCE COMPANY 



J 



CASH CAPITAL $4,000,000 00 

Reserved for Re-Insurance (Fire) 1,906,970 41 

(Inland) 14,778 70 

" Unpaid Losses (Fire) 165,586 33 

(Inland) 23,092 11 

All other claims 64,809 15 

NET SURPLUS 3,60 6 ,514 94 

TOTAL ASSETS .$9,780,751 63 

Cash in Bank $978,670 57 

Cash in hands of Agents 372,910 42 

Real Estate 365,000 00 

Loans on Bond and Mortgage 43,700 00 

Loans on Collaterals 7,770 00 

Stocks and Bonds .• 8,011,751 50 

Accrued Interest 949 14 

TOTAL ASSETS $9,780,75r63 

LOSSES PAID IN 70 YEARS, $63,046,000. 
Wm. B. Clark, Vice-Pres. A. C. Bayme, Sec. J. Goodnow. Pres. 



SCUDDER'S 

History of United States. 

PKECEDEU BY A NARRATIVE OF 

THE DISCOVERY AND SETTLEMENT OF NORTH AMERICA, 

And of the Events which led to the Independence of the 13 English Colonies. 

By HORACE E. SCUDDER. 
WITH MAPS AND IliU STRATIONS. PRICE. ONE DOLLAR. 

The leading characteristics of this excellent work are : 



First.— A Well Considered Test. 

Second.— A New and Logical Division into 
Periods, with a Suggestivf Method of Treatment. 

Third. — The insertion of Topical 
Analyses for Review, as well as a full 
set, of questions on Text and >lap-. 

Fourth.— Accurate. Clear, and Dis- 
tinct Maps, most carefully drawn ;ind 
engraved, including Six Double Page 
and Six Single Page Colored Maps. 



Fifth. — Eighty Beautiful Illustra- 
tions by eminent artists. Also Superb 
Portraits of the following representa- 
tive men: Columbus, the Discoverer; 
Penn the Founder; Franklin, the Philos- 
opher ; Washington (he Patriot; Web- 
ster, the Statesmai. , Longfellow, the 
I'oet ; engraved by Closson, Johnson, 
and Kruell, with fifty other Portraits. 

Sixth. — Superior Mechanical Exe- 
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Teachers say : " It is the best equipped school book ev^ri^^sued in the U. S." 
'• Will both interest and profit our young folks." ■• 'the most useful and enjoyable 
sciool history." 'Simple, accurate, intersting, jind impartial.'' 

TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., Publishers, 18 Astor Place^ New York. 



CONNECTICUT 

FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, 

OF HARTFORD, Conn. 

Incorporated 1850. Charter Perpetual 




CASH CAPITAL, 
CASH ASSETS, 



- $1,000,000.00 

- 2,260,917.01 



Pacific Department: 

ROBERT DICKSON, manager 

SAN FRANCISCO, Cal. 



Western Department : 

A. WILLIAMS, Manager, 

155 La Salle Street, 
CHICAGO, 111. 

SCOTT, ALEXANDER & TALBOT, Agents, 

45 William St., New York. 

J. D. BROWNE, President, CHAS. R. BURT, Secretary, 

L. W, CLARKE, Assistant-Secretary. 



THE NEW BOOK OF WORSHIP. 

Songs of Christian f raise, 

FOR CHOIR AND CONGREGATION. 
Published with or without Scripture Selections for Responsive Reading. 

EDITED BY REV. CHARLES H. RICHARDS, D.D 

SOiVGS OF CHRISTIAN PRAISE has already been adopted by many 
shurcUes throughout the country, and has been received with unquaUfied satisfact on, 

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Thd New York Observer says: '-It contains everything essential to a 
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it is furnished at a price which is intended to make it popular." 

Tbe Interior, Chicago. Ill : '-Not burdened with lumber, it is yet large enough 
tor alt uses; choice enough to sati.>-fy ihe mo.-t cultivated taste, and popular enough 
to lead the congregation." 

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sriminatina wi^douT and taste, and edited with a thoroughness which are uncommon." 
Xlie Advance says: "One of the choicest, richest, and most usable hymn- 
oooks published." 

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Returnable Copies sent free to Pastors or Church Committees desiring 
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A tiomity-foiir page pamphlet, containing specimeii pages, teslimonials, price Usts^ 
ttc, mailed free tn n»y a<idres>> on applicitlnn to 

TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., Publishers, 

18 and 30 Astor Place, New York City. 



CONGRESS SPRING. 

The Standard Mineral Water. 

IT IS A PUUELY 

NATURAL WATER, CATHARTIC ALTERATIVE. 

and slif^htly stimulating and tonic in its effects, without producing tl>e 
debility that usually attends a course of medicine. It is used with 

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stomach and purity of the blood, and a 
Powerful Preventive of Fevers and Bilious Complaints. 

IT IS OF SPECIAL VALUE TO LADIES, 

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1^" For sale (in Bottles only) bj' all leading Druggists, Grocers, Wine 
Merchants, and Hotels. Address 

CONGRESS SPRING CO., 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 



1794. 1889. 

HARTFORD 

Fire Insurance Co 

OF HARTFORD. CONN. 



STATEMENT JANUARY 1, 

Cash Capital, . - . . 

Reserve for Re-Iusurance (legal standard), - 

Outstanding Claims, 

Policy Holders' Surplus, 

Net Surplus over Capital and All Liabilities, 


1880. 

$1,350,000 00 

- 2,014,565 44 

251,533 44 

3,483,982 59 

2,233,982 59 


Total Assets, $5,750,080 47 

Total Income received during the year, - - $3,847,714 63 
Increase in Assets, - - - 461,476 50 
Increase in Net Surplus, - - - 297,732 78 


GEO. L. CHASE, President. 
P. C. ROYCE. Secretary. THOMAS TURNBULL, AssH Secretary. 



WESTERN DEPARTMENT. 

G F. BISSELL, ..... General Agent. 

P. P. HEYWOOD, - - - Assistant General Agent. 

CHICAGO, ILL 



PACIFIC DEPARTMENT. 

BELDEN & COFRON, ... - - Managers. 

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL 



BRANCH OFFICE. 

158 BROADWAY, - - NEW YORK. 

GEORGE M. COIT, Manager MetrojMlilan District. 



THE 

NEW YORK CENTRAL 
AND HUDSON RIVER RAILROAD 

AND THE 

ROME, WATERTOWN, AND OGDENSBURG 
RAILROAD. 

New York to West Point, Albany, Troy, Saratoga Springs, 

Utica, Richfield Springs, Trenton Falls^ Thousand 

Islands, Ogdensburg, Massena Springs, 

Syracttse, Oswego, Rochester, 

Niagara Falls, and y^ah^' - — "u*^ 

/ v^^ COPYRIGHT ^^c 

Buffalo. 




ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS, WOODCUTS, Etc. 

Copyright, 1889, by 
Taintor Brothers & Co. V 



NEW YORK : 

TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., 

18 AND 20 Astou Place. 



NATIONAL 

Fire Insurance Company 

OF HARTFORD, CONN. 



STATEMENT, JANUARY i, 1889. 

CAPITAL STOCK, all Cash, - - $1,000,000.00 

Funds Reserved to incet all Liabilities: J 

Re-Insurauce Fund, legal standard, $724,429.0;J - 819,454.96 

Unsettled Losses and other claims, 95,025.93 ) 
Net Surplus over Capital and all Liabilities, 507, 1 26.20 
TOTAL ASSETS, January 1, 1889, - $2,326,581.16 



JAMES NICHOLS, Pres't. E. G. RICHARDS, Secy. 

FRED. S. JAMES, Chicago, III., General Agent Western Department. 

GE(3. D. DORNIN, San Francisco, Cal., Manager Pacific Department. 

The Political Cyclopaedia. 

If yon wisli to think, speak, and actintelli^rently upon the great (jiicst ions of the 
day, you need this work, written by the most euiinenl specialists of tliis country and 
Europe : e. g., DAVID A. WELLS discusses the Tariff and Tariff Li(/i4ation 
from the standpoii t of the free tr.ider, Mnd D. H. MASON from the point of view 
of the protectionist : E. L. GODKIN writes of OfHd' HoUlera ; Phof. A LEXANDER 
JOHNSTON, tli<^ articles on the Political Uislnri/ of the U. S.; DOUMAN B. 
EATON, of (Jiril Srrvice Prform ; Pres. D. C. OILMAN, of Vnivernties ; SIMON 
STERNE, of Hail roads ; Pkes. P. A. WALKER, of Pi/blio Eeverme and Wages: 
KnWARD ATKINSON, of Banks; JOHN J. KNOX, of the Cvrrency, t-tc.x 
THOMAS M. COOLEY, Pres. Iiitersiate Commerce Commission, of The Bur, Law 
of (Jorpora/.ior,,, etc.; HORATIO C. BURCHARD, ex-Director of the Mint, of 
Coinage. Gold, Silver, etc. 

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it as a model." 

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THE NEW YORK NATION adtU: "We cannot withhold our warm com- 
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the publishers." 

^1 16-pnge I'nniphlet Descriptive Setit FREE, 

INTELLIGENT SALESMEN AND CANVASSERS who wish to identify 
themselves with a work <if the hiirhest ch.aracter, and to give their subscribers full 
value for money received, will do well to correspond with the publishers, 

Charles E. Merrill & Co., 

743 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 



INDEX. 



PAGE 

Acra 59 

Adams •. . . . 128 

Ailaius' Basin 107 

Akin 73 

Albany .-..■..:. (J4 

Albion 1(17, 127 

Aliier Croeli... Ul 

Alexander 102 

Alexandria Bay- 148 

Alverson's 132 

Aniboy 90 

Anistertlani. 72 

Andre and Arnold 29 

Aqueduct 70 

Athens 61 

Attica 102 

Auburn 97 

Aurelius 97 

Bagi;age 13 

BarHe-jfMt W 

Barrytown M 

Batavia U)l 

Big Indian 57 

Black River 132 

Boiceville 56 

Bonnie Castle 148 

Boonville. 141 

Breweitoii 126 

Brier Hill 151 

Brockport 107' 

Buffalo 103 

Buffalo Harbor .. 104 

Buffalo to Niagara Falls. 
Siisiicnsiou Bridgi'. A 

Lewiston 115 

Cabs and carriage?.... 13 

Cairo 59 

Camden. 127 

Canandaigua 99 

Canandaigua to Buffalo 

ifc Niagara 109 

Canaseraga S6 

Canastota 86 

Canton... 134 

Cape Vincent 129 

Carleton Island 146 

Carmansville 25 

Carthage 432-143 

Castleton 63 



PAGE 

Castor Land 143 

Catskill. 53 

Catskill Station 53 

Catskills (the) 55 

Caynga 97 

Central Square 127 

Charlotte 122 

Chittenango 86 

Clay..... ... 126 

Clayton 144 

Clifton Springs 99 

Clinton 81 

Clyde 90 

Coeynians 62 

Cohoes • 70 

Cold Spring 42 

Commutation rates. . . 18 

Cooperstown 76 

Cornwall 43 

Coxsackie Station 61 

Coxsackie Landing.. . 61 

Crane's Village 73 

Cranston's 39 

Crescent 70 

Croton 35 

Cruger's 37 

Deer River 143 

De Kalb Junclion 134 

De Witt 87 

Dobbs" Ferry 31 

Dnnsbetk Ferry 70 

Dutchess Junction 44 

East Albany 63 

East Creek 76 

East Palmyra 92 

East Steuben 141 

East Windham 59 

Elevated roads 12 

Evan's Mills 13:^ 

Fairport 92 

Felt's Mills 132 

Fishkill Landing 44 

Fonda 74 

Fort Lee . . : 26 

Fort Plain 75 

Fort Washington 26 

Fox Hollow 57 

Frankfort ■. . . 7S 

Freehold 59 



PAGE 

Fulton 125 

Gairison's 39 

Gaspoit 108 

Gates 107 

Geneva :.. 98 

Gerniantown 52 

Glendale 142 

Glen wood 29 

Goat li^land Ill, 121 

Gouverneur 133 

Grand Central Depot.. 12 
Grand Hotel Station ... 57 

Graturck 115 

Great Bend 132 

Green's Conn rs 85 

Hammond 150 

Hastings on Hudson. . 29 

Ila-tings 127 

Haverstraw 34 

Herkimer 78 

High Bridge 20 

Hoffman's 72 

Holland Patent 139 

Hudson 60 

Hudson River 21 

Hunter 58 

Hyde Park 48 

Ilion 78 

Indian Head 28 

Information for pas- 

sengei'S 14 

Inwood 27 

Irvington 32 

Jewett Heights 59 

Jordan.. 90 

Kasoag 127 

Kingshridge 20 

Kingston 50 

Kirkville 87 

Lafargeville 144 

La Salle llo 

LeRoy 109 

Lewiston 115-121 

Lexington 59 

Leyrlen 141 

Linlitligow 53 

Little Falls 77 

Liverpool 12G 

Locki)ort 108 



INDEX. 



PAGE 

Lockport to Biiflalo .... 109 

Low Point 45 

Lowville 142 

Lyons 91 

Lyons Fall^ 142 

Maeedoii 92 

Maiden 52 

Manhattanville 25 

Manilas 87 

Marcy 139 

Marlhoiough 40 

Martiusburf^ 142 

Mary Island 148 

Massena Springs 135 

M'Connellsville 127 

Medina I(i8 

Mexico 125 

Middleport 108 

Milton 46 

Moira 136 

Montrose 37 

Morris Dock 20 

Morristown 151 

Mount 8t . Vincent 27 

Mt. Pleasant 56 

Newark 91 

New Baltimore 62 

Newburgh 44 

Newfane 122 

New Ilambtiig' 45 

New Hartford 81 

New Haven 125 

New Paltz Landing. ... 4S 

New York 12 

New York Central & 

Hndson River R.R. 9-14 

Niagara Falls 110,121 

Niagara River 121 

Niskayuna 70 

Northern Adirondack. . . 136 
Northern Tonawanda.. 115 

Norwood 134 

Nyack 34 

Ogdensburg$ 151 

One Hundred and 

Twenty-fifth Street . . 19 
One Hundred a n d 

Thirty -eighth Street. 19 

Oneida 85 

Ontario Beach 101 

Oriskany 84 

Oscawana 37 

Oswego 123 

Otsego Lake 76 

Palace cars 14 

Palatine Bridge 75 

Palenvillc 58 

Palisades 27 

Palmyra 92 

Parish 127 

Paul Smith's 136 

Peekskill 37 



PAGE 

Philadelphia 133, 144 

Phoenicia .56 

Phcenix .... 125 

Piermont 32 

Pine Hill 57 

Port Byron 90 

Port Leyden 141 

Potsdam 134 

Poughkeepsie 46 

Prattsville.. 59 

Prospect 140 

Prospect Park 114, 146 

Pulaski 126 

Redwood ir.O 

Renisen 141 

Rhinebeck Landing. ... 49 

Richfield Springs 82 

Richland Junction 126 

Riverdale 2? 

Riverview Station 121 

Rochester 93 

Rochester & Charlotte 

Branch 101 

Rochester to Buffalo & 

Niagara Falls 101 

Rochester to Niagara 

Palls 107 

Rockland Lake 34 

Rome 84 

Rome, Watertown & 

Ogden8l>iir" R.R 117 

Niagara Falls Line.. . 121 

Rochester Line 122 

Phoenix Line 125 

Cape Vincent Div 129 

Carthage, Watertown 
& Sackett's Harbor 

Line 131 

Carthage to Harris- 

ville 133 

Eastern Division 138 

Rondout 4!i 

Rose 1« 

Rossie 150 

Round Island 146 

Round Island Park... ]4i; 

Sackett's Harbor 131 

Sand Hill 126 

Saugerties 51 

Savannah 90 

Scarborough 34 

Schenectady 71 

Schodac 62 

Scriba 125 

Sea Breeze 122 

Seneca Falls 98 

Shandaken 57 

Shokan 56 

Sing Sing 34 

Skaneateles 96 

Skaneatelus Junction. . 96 
Sodus J'oint 123 



PAGE 

Sodus Bay 123 

Spencerport 107 

Sprakers 74 

Spuyten Duy vil 20-x7 

Staatsburg 48 

Stages 13 

Sterling 123 

Sterlingville 144 

Stittville 139 

St. Johnsville 76 

Stockport 61 

Stony Point 36 

Storm King 44 

Stuyvesani 61 

Surface roads 12 

Suspension Bridge. 109, 113 

Syracuse 88 

Syracuse to Rochester 

via Auburn 95 

Tannersville 58 

Tappan Zee 28 

Tarry town 33 

The Catskills 55 

Theresa J unction 144 

Theresa Village 150 

Thonsand Islands 145 

Thousand Island Park. 147 

Three River Point 125 

Tickets 14 

Tivoli 51 

Tonawanda 115 

Trenton 139 

Trentcm Palls 81, 139 

Tribe's Hill 73 

Troy 68 

Tuscarora Reservation. 116 

Tyre 98 

Utica 79 

Van Buren Centre 90 

Verona 85 

Vestibule trains 14 

Victor 100 

Wallington 123 

Wampsville 86 

Warner's 90 

Waterloo 98 

Waterport 122 

Watertown 127 

Weedsport 90 

Wellesley's Island 147 

West Hurley 56 

West Kill 59 

West Point 41 

West Rush 109 

Whirlpool 121 

Whitesboro 84 

Williamstown 127 

Windham 59 

Wolcott 123 

Woodard 125-126 

Yonkers 28 

Yost's 74 



''LACKAWANNA ROUTE." 

Delaware, Lackawanna& Western R.R. 

THIS Line, which is the shortest running between New York and 
Buffalo, is noted for its charming and romantic scenery. It runs 
through the States of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and New York, 
passing through the celebrated Delaware Water Gap, the coal fields 
of Pennsylvania, over the i\)cono Moui>tains (which are 1,970 feet 
above the level of the sea), and through the rich, fertile, and 
beautiful valleys of Northern New York. Among the principal 
points reached by the "Lackawanna' are Delaware Water Gap, 
Pa.; Scranton, Pa.; Binghamton, N. Y.; Norwich, N. Y.; Richfield 
Springs, N. Y. ; Utica, N. Y. ; Syracuse, N. Y.; Oswego, N. Y. ; 
Owego, N. Y.; Ithaca, N. Y. ; Waverly, N. Y. ; Elmira, N. Y. ; 
Corning, N. Y. ; Bath, N. Y.; Dansville", N. Y. ; and Buffalo, N. Y. 

The Morris and Essex Division is noted for its beautiful 
scenery and sites for suburban residences. 

New York City Ticket Office, 429 Broadway, corner of 
Howard St., where through tickets to all points West, Northwest, 
and Southwest can be obtained at Lowest Rates. Pullman Palace 
Car accommodations can be secured and baggage called for and 
checked through to destination. 



W. F. HOLWILL, Gen. Pass. Agent, 26 Exchange Place, New York. 

N. MULLER, Jr., Gen. Eastern Pass. Agent. 429 Broadway, New York. 

HOWARD J. BALL, Gen. Western Pass. Agent, 11 Exchange St., Buflfalo, N. Y. 

W. C. BRAYTON, Gen. Agent, Pass. Department, Syracuse, N. Y. 

W. B. MURRAY, Dis't Pass. Agent, 328 Lackawanna Avenue, Scranton, Pa. 



THE newest, latest, and handsomefit designed Pullman Biiffft Pnrlnr and 
Huff'et Sleeping Couches are attached to all through trains, and paiticiihir 
attention is called to the NEW PARLOR CARS of this Line, fnrnished as they are 
wiih Bay Window Seats, eiiablini: passengers to view the beautiful scenery iinob- 
stnicteil. These cars are also fiirnislud with lari/e Sofas and Lonnses, and the 
latest feature is introdin ed in the w.iv 01 Library of the latest novels and standard 
works of the day for the free use of ihe patrons of the LACKAWANNA ROUTE. 

NEW YORK STATIONS. 

UP-TOWN STATION Foot of Christopher Street. Accessible by 
Elevated Railroad trains on Ninth Avenue to Christopher Street, wiihin two blocks 
of Station. Crosstown Street Railroad on Christopher Street connects the Lacka- 
wanna Station with the Ninth, Sixth, and Third Avenue Elevated Railways. 
Christopher Street is convenient to all the principal Up-town Hotels. 

DOWN-TOWN STATION— Foot of Barclay Street. Accessible by 
Elevated Railroad Stations of Sixth Avenue Line at Park Place, and Ninth Avenue 
Line at Barclay Street, also by Street Cars on West Street. Barclay Street Station 
is on West Street. North River, convenient to all down-town Ferries, Sound and 
Ocean Steamers, and the wholesale district of New York. 

WESTCOTT'S EXPRESS CO. have agents on all trains to 
arrange for conveyance of passengers and Bagpge to Hotels, Residences, Steamers, 
Piers,'' and Railway Depots. 



TAINTOR'S GUIDE-BOOKS 

TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., Publishers, 
18 & 20 Astor Place. New York. 

These Guides describe all Cities, Towns and Stations on the routes, giving 
items of interest to the traveler for business and pleasure, and are 

ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS AND WOODCUTS. 



PKICE, 25 CENTS EACH, BY MAIL. 

" City of New York."— Containing descriptions of and direc- 
tions for visiting the Public Buildings, Places of Amusement, Library, etc. 
A new Street Directory, Travelers' Directory, and a Map. of New York,, 
Brooklyn, Jersey City, Hoboken, etc. 

'• HudsoilB River Route."— New York to West Point, Cats- 
kill MountaiHS, Albany, Troy, Saratoga Sprinj^s, Lake George, Lake Cham- 
plain, Adirondacks, Montreal and Quebec, via Hudson River Steamers. 

*'Saratoa:a Illustrated." — The Visitors' Guide to Saratoga 
Springs, with maps and wood cuts. 

" SaratO;;a IWinerafl Waters." — Directions for their use by 
Dr. VV. O. Stillman, of Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

Sea-Side Resorts.— A Hand-book for Health and Pleasure 
Seekers, for the Atlantic Coast from the St. Lawrence to the Mississippi. 

"The IVortliern Re«OrtS." — Boston to the White Moutains, 
Lake Memphremagog, Green Mountains, Lake Champlain, Sheldon, Massena, 
Ogdensburgh, Montreal and Quebec. 

"The Pennsylvania Coal Retfiojss."- New York and 

Philadelphia to Easton, Bethlehem, Delaware Water Gap, Mauch Chunk, 
Scraiiton, Harrisburg, Williamsport and Elmira. 

"The Erie Route."— New York to Ithaca, Watkins' Glen, 
Rochester, Dunkirk, Buffalo and Niagara Palls, via Erie Railway and 
branches. 

" New York to Saratoga, Buffalo and Niagara 

Falls." — Via Hudson River and New York Central R.R. 

"The Newport and Fall River Route."- New York 

to Boston, via Newport and Fall River. With descriptions of Newport and 
Narragansett Bay. 

"Connectieut River Routo." — New York to the White 

Mountains, via N, Y. & N. H. and Connecticut River R.R. 

"New York to Philadelphia, Baltimore and 
Washington." 

Published by TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., 
18 and 20 Aslor riaee. New York. 



i •■-? 










THE AMERICAN, 

BOSTON. 

CENTRAL LOCATION. PERFECT VENTILATIOB 

UNEXCEPTIONABLE TABLE. 



PARTICULARLY DESIRABLE 

FOR FAMILIES AND SUMMER TOURISTS. 



SIX STAIRV/AYS FROM TOP TO BOTTOM. 

"Willi every security against fire. 



Rooms j $3.00 PER DAY 

with Meals, i g^^d uDwards. 



Rooms i $1.00 PER DAY 
only. ^ 



//£/i//?K B. RICE & CO. 



According 

to Size 

and 

Location, 
and upwards. J 

THE NEAREST FIRST CLASS HOTEL 

TO NORTHERN AND EASTERN DEPOTS, 

" It is one of the most attractive and best manacred of New Encland 
Hotels."— A'. Y. Mail 

Hanover, 
near Washington St. 




AS THE QUIETEST 

PROFESSIONAL AND BUSINESS MEN 

Are as liable as any others to the thousand 

hazards of life, from morning till night, 

at home or abroad, 

iNfUMiN THE TRAVELERS 

OF HARTFORD, CONN. 



NEW YORK CENTRAL 

AND ' 

HUDSON RIVER RAILROAD. 



This railroad system comprises what was formerly the Hudson 
River Railway, extending from New York to Albany and Troy, and 
the New York Central Railroad, having tracks from Albany to Buffalo 
and Niagara Falls. 

The two companies consolidated in 1870, and since that time the 
growth of passenger and freight traffic has been continuous and rapid. 
An immense volume of business is now transacted in New York city 
in connection with these roads, which traverse the most interesting 
and most popialous sections of the State. 

The main line of the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad 
extends from New York city to Buffalo, 440 miles, traversing the east- 
ern and middle portions of the Empire State from the Atlantic Ocean 
to Lake Erie. It is the only railroad, terminating at the harbor of 
New York, which reaches the Great Lakes over the territory of a single 
State, and is the only one having stations on Manhattan Island, or 
whose rails reach the waters of Long Island Sound. Leaving the 
Grand Central Station, in the center of the city of New York, it crosses 
the Harlem River on an iron bridge, follows that stream and Spuyten 
Duyvil Creek, which forms the northern boundary of Manhattan 
Island, until it reaches the Hudson, where it joins the original tracks 
extending along the river's bank to the heart of the business portion of 
the city, now used for freight trains and for local passenger travel 
south of Spuyten Duyvil. Having escaped from the boundaries of the 
metropolis at Yonkers, it traverses the eastern shore of the Htidson — 
through tunnels, mountains, and over bridges — past cities, towns, and 



ISTEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

villages — never practically deviating from the dead level of tide flow 
along its margin, until it crosses the Hiidson and enters the capital of 
the State, 142 miles from its point of departure. In addition to a 
double track throughout, the Hudson River Division has about 20 
miles of third track and 76 miles of sidings. 

Ferry connections are made at Tarrytown to Nyack ; at Garrison's 
to West Point ; at Fishkill to Newburgh ; at Rhinebeck to Kingston, 
and to the Ulster & Delaware Railroad through the Catskills ; at 
Tivoli to Saugerties ; and at Catskill Station to the village of Catskill, 
where connections are made with the Catskill Mountain Railroad for 
the Catskill Mountain resorts. 

At Dutchess Junction connections are made with the Newburgh, 
Dutchess & Connecticut Railroad ; at Poughkeepsie, with the New 
York & Massachusetts Railroad ; at Rhinebeck, with the Hartford & 
Connecticut Western Railroad ; at Hudson, with the Hudson and 
Chatham Branch of the Boston & Albany Railroad, and at Albany, 
with the Boston & Albany Railroad and with the Delaware & Hudson 
Canal Co.'s Railroad. At Troy, six miles above Albany, it connects 
with the Hoosac Tunnel route into Massachusetts. Connections are 
also made at Troy with lines to Montreal and Canada ; to Saratoga ; 
to the Adirondacks, and through Vermont and New Hampshire to the 
White Mountains. 

At Albany the line turns almost due west, and follows the natural 
route of communication between the Hudson and Lake Erie. The 
only heavy grade, and that insignificant when compared with those on 
other trunk lines, occurs between Albany and Schenectady, where the 
Mohawk and Hudson found it necessary to commence operations with 
inclined planes, but this is soon overcome, and the valley of the 
Mohawk is reached at Schenectady. This river is followed for 93 m'les 
to near Rome, and there it is deserted for the waters of Oneida Lake, 
and at Syracuse, 38 miles further, Onondaga Lake is touclied. Both of 
these lakes are drained into Lake Ontario by the Oswego River. 

Skirting the Seneca River and its tributaries, which drain Seneca, 
Cayuga, Owasco, and Skaneateles lakes into the Oswego River, the 
line reaches Rochester, on the Genesee River, near Lake Ontario, 81 
miles from Syracuse. The mountain range which bars the continent 
from near the Canadian border down to the waters of the Gulf 
of Mexico, and which is such a serious barrier to every other line 

10 



XEW YORK (JEXTKAL RAIIJiOAI). 

of railroad connecting the Atlantic seaboard with the Mississippi 
Valley, is passed at Little Palls station, midway between Albany and 
Syracuse, where the Mohawk flows throug-Ji a natural break in the chain. 

From Rochester the inain line runs direct to Butfalo, 90 miles dis- 
tant, while a second line runs, by way of Lockport, to Niagara Falls 
and Sus|)ension Bridge, connecting there with the Canada i-ailroads, 
and thence to Buffalo. Between Albany and Buffalo there are four 
tracks on the main line, and most of the branches have double tracks. 
At Buffalo the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad unites 
with the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, the central link in the Van- 
derbilt system — which runs through Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana, 
with branches penetrating all portions of Central and Southern Michi- 
gan, to Chicago, Illinois. 

At Cleveland, the Lake Shore line connects with the Cleveland. 
Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railway, the Indianapolis & 
St. Louis Railway, and the Dayton & Union Railroad, which, united 
under the poi)ular title of the " Bee Line," form the southwestern 
extension of the Vanderbilt System, reaching all the cities named, and, 
by connections, every portion of the Mississippi Valley. At Dunkirk, 
the Dunkirk, Alleghany Valley & Pittsburg Railroad, one of the lines 
leased by the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad Company, 
connects with the Lake Shore Railroad. 

Connection is also made at Buffalo with the Michigan Central Rail- 
road — another link in the Vanderbilt System, which traverses the 
Dominion of Canada for 2'^6 miles ; cros.ses into the State of Michigan 
at Detroit ; extends northward to the Straits of Mackinac, which unite 
Lakes Huron and Michigan ; throws out branches to Toledo, in Ohio, 
and to most of the important towns in Michigan, and continues on to 
Chicago and Joliet in Illinois. 

Minor branch lines of the New York Central & Hudson River Rail- 
road Comjiany are intersected between Albany and Buffalo as follows : 
Geneva to Lyons, connecting the Auburn and the main lines ; Roch- 
ester to Charlotte, on Lake Ontario ; Rochester to Buffalo, via Batavia; 
Rochester to Canandaigua, connecting with the Northern Central 
Railroad of the Pennsylvania System ; Batavia to Attica ; Lockport to 
Tonawanda ; and Suspension Bridge to Lewiston, a port on Lake 
Ontario. 

Along the entire New York Central & Hudson Railroad route, the 

11 



NEW YORK CEJSTTKAL UAILKOAD. 

roadway is substantially constructed. Tiie cars are well equipped, 
arrangements for public comfort and convenience excellent, and a dis- 
position is evinced by the company at all times to keep pace with 
recjuirements. 

The New York Central & Hudson River Railroad Company is also 
tlie lessee of the West Shore Route, including the " Pacific Express," 
tlie " Day Express," and the " Chicago & St. Louis Limited, " between 
New York and Chicago. Boats connecting witli the trains start from 
the foot of Jay Street, North River, and foot of West Forty-second 
Street, New York. Two of the three trains above referred to stop at 
West Haversti'aw, Cranston's, West Point, Cornwall, Newburgh, 
Poughkeepsie, Kingston, and Albany, on the Hudson also at other 
important points, including Rociiester and Buffalo. 

NEW YORK. 

The Grand Central Depot, or starting-point for passenger trains 
on the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, the Harlem 
Railroad, an'd the New York & New Haven Railroad, stands on East 
Forty-second Street, facing Fourth Avenue. It is one of the largest 
and most complete structures of the kind in the world, including, as it 
does, ample office accommodation for administrative purposes, in addi- 
tion to the usual and ordinary station facilities intended for the con- 
venience and comfort of travelers, who are constantly arriving and 
departing at all hours of the day and night. 

Approaches. Elevated Roads. Trains on the Third Avenue 
Elevated Road run direct to and from the Grand Central Station. A 
change of cars is required at junction of the East Foi'ty-second Street 
branch and main line, at Third Avenue and East Forty-second Street. 

Passengers on the Sixth or Nintli Avenue Elevated Roads leave 
trains at the Forty-second Street station, and reach the Grand Central 
by cross-town cars or cabs running east on Forty-second Street. The 
distance can be walked comfortably from Ninth Avenue in fifteen 
minutes, and from Sixth Avenue in five minutes. 

Surface Roads. Fourth and Madison Avenue cars pass the station 
every few minutes. Forty-second Street cross town cars, and Boulevard 
line of cars, arrive frequently. 

Broadway, Avenue A, Second, Third, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, and 

12 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

Ninth Avenue ears cross Forty-second Street at intervals not exceeding 
five minutes. The West Side Belt Line crosses Forty-second Street at 
Tenth Avenue. 

Stages. Fifth Avenue stages cross Forty-second Street at short 
intervals, one block from Grand Central Depot. 

Cabs and Carriages. 1'hese can be obtained, by order, at any 
hotel or restaurant. Special rates are made to and from the Grand 
Central Depot. The usual charges are : For two-seated cabs or han- 
soms, first mile, 50 cents; for each succeeding mile or any fraction of a 
mile, 25 cents. For four-seated cabs, first mile, 75 cents; f-oreach suc- 
ceeding mile or any fraction of a mile, 50 cents. For the use of a cab 
by the hour, whether for one or more passengers, or whether two- 
seated or four-seated. $1.00 jier hour, and 25 cents for each 15 minutes 
thereafter, including stops. A charge of 25 cents for each 15 minutes 
or fraction thereof over 5 minutes is made when cabs are hired by 
distance. Baggage is cai'ried at 25 cents for each trunk or large port- 
manteau, and 10 cents for each smaller bundle. In all cases where the 
hiring of a carriage is not at the time thereof specified to be by the day 
or hour, it shall be deemed -to be by the mile. Whenever a hackney 
coach or carriage shall be detained, excepting as aforesaid, the owner 
or driver shall be allowed after the rate of 75 cents an hour. 

Waiting-Rooms. Passenger waiting-rooms extend, on the left or 
west side of the building, fi'om Forty-second Street along Vanderljilt 
Avenue, each road having separate spaces set ajaart within the 
buihling. 

Baggage. The baggage room of the New York Central & Hudson 
Railroad is at the north end of the station on Vanderbilt Avenue, north 
of the waiting-rooms, through which a connecting passageway runs to 
facilitate the checking of trunks after tickets have been secured at the 
adjacent booking-offices. Outgoing baggage can be checked from hotel 
or residence by express companies, any of which can be called up by 
telephone. 

One hundred and fifty pounds of baggage will be checked free on 
each full-rate, regular, or summer excursion ticket on the New York 
Central & Hudson River Railroad. Seventy-five pounds are allowed 
on each half-i'ate ticket. 

To ensure forwarding of baggage on same trains by which passage is 

13 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

taken, passengers should be at the station at least ten minutes before 
advertised time for departure of trains, as it is necessary to present 
passage tickets to tlie baggage master for checking of baggage. 

Tickets. To avoid confusion and disappointment, those who desire 
to travel in Wagner palace cars or on one of the Wagner vestibuled 
limited trains must make arrangements to secure accommodation a few 
hours before the time of starting. The less there remains to be done 
after arrival at the station, the greater the peace of mind and comfort 
of the traveler. 

Palace Cars. The drawing-room and sk'eping-car service of the 
New York Central and Hudson River Railroad and connecting roads 
has been entirely reorganized within tlie past few years. The metiiod 
of construction secures absolute comfort to the occupants. The cars 
are elegantly finished and luxuriously appointed. 

Vestibule Limited Trains. Each vestibuled train is composed of a 
buffet, smoking, and library car, two parlor cars, two sleeping-cars, and 
a dining-car, all of which are united into one continuous covered train 
by the construction of connecting vestibules upon the platforms. In 
the smoking and library car are a buffet, movable chairs, and couches 
tastefully and comfortably upholstered, a secretary supplied with sta- 
tionery and writing material, and an enclosed reading-room with a 
well-stocked library, including current newspapers and magazines. A 
bathroom and an apartment for a "tonsorial artist" are among the 
latest improvements. 

NEW YORK CENTRAL AND HUDSON RIVER RAILROAD. 
Useful Information for Passengers. 

1. Purchase tickets at the ticket office before entering the train. 
When cash fares are paid on trains, conductors are required to collect 
an amount in excess of the regular tariff fare. 

2. Children between the ages of five and twelve years are charged 
half fare ; those over twelve, full fare. Children under five, in charge 
of other passengers, will be carried without tickets. 

3. Stop-over will be allowed on all regular full-rate local tickets 
reading between any two stations on the New York Central and Hud- 
son River Railroad on notice to conductor. 

14 



NEW YORK TEXTUAL H A IL1!(^A 1). 

4. Round trip limited tickets, unless otherwise specified, are limited 
going to continuous passage on date of sale ; and must bo used within 
the limit prescribed for return passage. 

5. Limited tickets to Detroit, Cleveliuid, Cliicago. Ciiiciiinati, St. 
Louis, etc., are good only for continuous passage on date and ti-ain 
indicated thereon. 

f). One hundred and fifty pounds of personal baggage will be checked 
free on each full ticket, and seventy-five pounds on each half ticket. 
A reasonable charge will be made for all in excess of that weight. 

7. To ensure the forwarding of baggage on same trains by which 
passage is taken, passengers should be at the station at least ten min- 
utes before advertised time for departure of trains, as it is necessary to 
present passage ticket to station baggage-masters when baggage is 
checked. 

8. If, upon reaching destination, baggage is not removed from the 
baggage-room within twenty-four hours, after that time .storage will be 
charged at the rate of twenty-five cents for the first succeeding twenty- 
four hours, and thereafter ten cents per day until five days have 
elapsed. If baggage is still unclaimed at the end of that time the rate 
will be fifty cents per month. 

9. Messengers of Westcott Express Co. are on all trains to arrange 
for the prompt transfer of passengers and baggage to any part of New 
York, Brooklyn, Jersey City, or Hoboken. Delivery of New York bag- 
gage is made from either the l;!8th Street Station or the Grand Central 
Station, as requested by passengers. Similar arrangements have been 
made with C. \V. Miller's Transfer Co. for the transfer of passengers and 
baggage to hotels, residences and depots in Buffalo and Niagara Falls. 

10. Package-rooms for the reception of parcels, hand-baggage, etc., 
will be found in passenger waiting-i'ooms at Grand Central and Annex 
Stations, New York, and at Albany, Schenectady, Utiea, Syracuse, 
Rochester, Buffalo, Niagara Palls and Suspension Bridge — under charge 
of an authorized agent who will issue checks for packages at a nominal 
rate. 

11. The restaurants along the New Y^ork Central at Poughkeepsie, 
Albany, Syracuse and Buffalo, conducted by Johnston Bros., are among 
the finest and best managed railway restaurants in the East. Moderate 
charges only are authorized, and prices are posted for the information 
of the public. 

15 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

SPECIAL INFORMATION FOR TOURISTS. 

The special tickets described herein will be sold from June 1st to 
September 30th, inclusive, and will be available until October 31st, 
inclusive (except iti the case of steamboats or stages that discontinue 
their trips earlier). The tickets entitle holders to all the privileges of 
regular first-class tickets. 

Childi'en between 5 and 12 years of age, half fare ; over 1'3, full fare. 

Stop-over privileges are usually granted on summer tourist tickets ; 
but, to avoid misunderstanding, passengers should notify the proper 
official of the train or boat of their desire to stop over, as the stop-over 
regulations of the various lines vary. 

Summer excursion tickets during the season will be received for ])as- 
sage on the New York, Chicago & St. Louis Limited, when presented 
in connection with extra fare tickets, in the case of thi'ough tickets 
from the West: or without extra fare ticUets between New York State 
points, provided the drawing-room or sleeping-car tickets are pre- 
sented in connection with the summer excursion tickets. 

Summer excursion tickets will be available on the New York & 
Saratoga Limited if presented in connection with drawing-room-car 
tickets, as no ordinary coaches will be run on the limited trains. 

Thi-ough tickets by the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad 
are available between New Yoi'k and Albany by the Day Line steam- 
ers, or all rail, at the option of passengers. 

Tickets reading by the Delaware & Hudson Railroad to or from 
points north of Plattsburg will be accepted for passage between 
Plattsburg and Fort Ticonderoga, on Lake Champlain steamers, and 
permit the holder to remain over at Port Kent, thus affording holders 
an opportunity to visit Au Sable Chasm. 

Tickets reading via Glen Falls and Lake George stages, between 
Lake George and Caldwell, in either direction, will be accepted for 
passage on the Delaware & Hudson Railroad between the same points. 

Tickets to points on the Fall Brook Coal Co.'s R. R., reading to 
Geneva via Lyons, will be good from the East via Auburn, and from 
the West via Canandaigua, if desired, without extra charge. 

Tickets between Cooperstown and Richfield Springs by the Otsego 
Lake steamer and stage are for passage only ; baggage will be charged 
extra. 

16 



NEW YORK CKN'TllAI. UAILUOAD. 

Tickt^ts rciuliiig by the Grand Trunk or Canadian Pacific Railway, of 
steamer, between Toronto and Kingston, Kingston and Prescott, Pres- 
cott and Montreal, or Montreal and Quebec, are valid either by rail or 
by the steamers of the Richelieu & Ontario Navigation Company, at 
the option of passengei's. 

On tickets reading over Kichclicu & Ontario Navigation Company's 
stearaei-s, meals and berths are extra. 

Tickets by Sound Line steamers, between New York and Hoston, 
include a bt'rth. 

Summer tourists arc reminded that many of the steamers and stage 
lines cease operations or make irregular trips after October 1st of each 
year. Passengers should consult local advertising matter for proper 
iniV)rmation. 

" The tourist whose point of departure is the Grand Central Sta- 
tion in the city of New York," writes the author of "The World- 
famed Hudson," "possesses advantages which are unequaled in this 
country, and probably in the world. No matter what the motive of 
his journey may be — whether he be in search of health, recreation, 
social enjoyment, or all combined, he is able from this point to carry 
out his plans at a minimum exjienditure of time, trouble, and money. 
***** 

"Does he long for the combinetl beauties of hill and dale, mountain 
and stream? He finds them all at the very outset of his journey, as he 
is borne along the banks of the world-famed Hudson. Does he find a 
peaceful enjoyment in the silence of pathless forests, or in floating upon 
the bosom of placid lakes? If so, the wilds of northern New Yoi'k 
will fill the cup of his desire to overflowing. Is he charmed by the 
majestic grandeur of lofty mountains and deep gorges? Let hi.n hasten 
to the Adirondaci^s or the Catskill Mountains. Is he a disciple of Nim- 
rod or Isaak Walton ? The North Woods and the St. Lawrence will give 
him a joyful greeting. Does he seek social intercourse and renewed 
vigor, or is he an invalid in quest of restored health amid i)eaceful and 
attractive surroundings? Saratoga, Richfield, and Sharon throw wide 
theii" i)ortals and bid him enter." 



17 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 



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18 



NKW YORK CKN'riiAI. KAILUOAD. 

The Start. Tourisls, gl.-iddoiu'd by aiiticipatioiis oT a journey full 
of pleasant incidents and experiences, and feeling perfectly at ease in 
all matters relating to their personal comfort and safety, rejoice, in a 
more or less demonstrative fashion, as they emerge from under the 
lofty glass roofing of the Grand Central Station, now fairly on their 
way to visit, perhaps for the first time, scenes rendered famous by 
important historical events and widely-credited traditions. 

125TH STREET, For more than four miles the tracks of the New 
York Central & Hudson River Railroad run through a sti-aight cutting 
along Fourth Avenue, between the blocks of city residences, extending 
northward from Forty-second Street to the Harlem River. The first 
station reached is used for the convenience of uptown residents. Many 
who are engaged commercially each day in New York city reside in or 
near Harlem, a district within easy reach from the business center of 
the metropolis. Crossing the Harlem River a quarter of a mile above, 
on one of the most substantial iron bridges in the country, a short dis- 
tance to the right of which may be seen a handsomely constructed 
passenger bridge, we arrive at — 

138TH STREET. Demand for greater accommodation in this 
neighborhood, as well as a desire on the part of the railway authorities 
to encourage residence in the northern suburbs, brought about the 
erection of a perfectly-appointed station at this point. The build- 
ing ha.s an imposing appearance, and is considered one of the most 
elegant and commodious way-stations in the United States. The exte- 
rior is of brick and terracotta, with red Akron tile roof. All fast express 
trains, excepting the "New Y^'ork & Chicago Limited," stop here for 
the service of New York pa.ssengers to and from the North and West. 
It is the most convenient station for passengers going to Mott Haven, 
Morrisania, and vicinity. 

Proceeding through Mott Haven, leaving the Harlem Raih'oad line 
on the right, the cars run in a northwesterly direction until a point 
is reached, nine miles from City Hall, where the New York City & 
Northern Railroad bridge crosses the Harlem River. The tracks of 
this road run thence on the right of the New York Central & Hudson 
River Railroad to Kingsbridge, where the former road separates and 
proceeds in a northerly direction. Passing under this structure, the 
train runs north along the right bunk of the river to — 

19 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

HIGH BRIDGE. The bi-idge, on the left of the station, is 1 ,450 feet 
in length and 124 feet high. It is built of granite and cost $900,000. 
Fourteen piers are used as supports. By means of this bridge the 
Croton Aqueduct extends across the Harlem River to High Bridge 
Park Reservoir, thus supplying New York city with water for domestic 
purposes. It is distant eleven miles from the most southern point of 
.Manhattan Island. Above the bridge is a costly high-service reservoir. 
Tiie adjacent shores are lofty and well- wooded, forming many pictu- 
rescjue scenes, peculiarly attractive to all admirers of the beautiful in 
nature. Passing through Highbridgeville and keeping close to the 
eastern shore of the Harlem River, the next station reached is — 

MORRIS DOCK. A station around which a pretty suburban village 
is rapidly springing up. Thence, having the healthy and growing dis- 
tricts of Tremont, Adamsville, and Fordhani on the right, the train 
l)rocceds to — 

KINGSBRIDGE. At Kingsbridge redoubts were thrown up on 
both sides of the creek during the Revolutionary War, and on December 
19, 1780, an encounter took place between the Americans and a large 
detachment of British and Hessians, which led to no decisive result. 
Another skirmish occurred here in 1776, between a party of American 
stragglers and a Hessian guard, in which the former gained the advan- 
tage. Prior to these events, Hendricl^' Hudson and the Manhattan 
Indians had a long-sustained figlit just at the mouth of the creek, 
where Hudson anchored the "Half-Moon" in October, 1609. The 
Indians tried to board the yacht from their canoes, but were repulsed. 
In the distance, beyond the aqueduct to the right of the station, is 
Jerome Parii, well-known to all sportsmen as an excellent racecourse- 
one of the best in the country, and yearly becoming more popular 
among patrons of the turf. After leaving Kingsbridge, the New York 
Central & Hudson River Railroad rounds a curve, passing on the right 
of Spuyten Duyvil Creek, thence running across to — 

SPUYTEN DUYVIL, on the east bank of the Hudson River, in 
New York city and county, 13 miles from New York. The cluster 
of liouses on the upper side of the creek and northward bears the 
name which was originally applied only to the creek itself, which con- 
nects Harlem River with the Hudson, thereby forming Manhattan 
Island. There are fine residenges to the north on the heights. 

20 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 



THE HUDSO]^ EIVER 

Amon^ the tliousand streams whicli drain the great Atlantic slope 
of North America, none is more attractive than the noble river at 
whose mouth stands the Empire City of the Western World. The 
European visiting America can liave no better introduction to the 
Western Continent than that which is afforded by a voyage up the 
Hudson or a journey by rail along its banks ; and travelers generally 
will find that the river and its neighborhood form naturally the first 
stage of any extended pleasure-tour through the Northern and Eastern 
States. 

Scenery so charming as that of this beautifid river affords a delight- 
ful change from the glaring walls and pavements of New York. Be- 
fore the limits of the metropolis are passed, the eye is charmed by the 
green wooded hills of Westchester County on the one hand, and by the 
frowning pi'ecipices of the Palisades on the other, — a contrast the like 
of which is not found so near any other of the world's great capitals. 

For twenty miles this mighty dyke of basaltic trap-rock shuts off the 
western sky, then suddenly disappears, and the view opens upon the 
rolling hills of Rockland County and the blue outline of the distant 
liamapo Mountains ; while on the east bank are thriving towns and 
elegant country seats in almost continuous succession. Here, too, the 
river widens to the dimensions of a lake, which stretches its beautiful 
expanse nearly to the magnificent southern portal of the Highlands; 
when it suddenly contracts to a channel half a mile in width, overhung 
by the rugged crags of the Donderberg and Anthony's Nose. 

For a score of miles above, the river winds amid the grand and rug- 
ged mountains of "The Highlands," at whose northern limit another 
portal opens, through which the traveler is borne to new scenes of 
beauty stretching far beyond. Above the Highlands the banks con- 
tinue high and in some places precipitous, opening now and then as if 
to afford glimpses of the charming country on either side, until some 
thirty miles more have been passed, when the banks become still less 
abrupt, and the lofty range of the Cat skill Mountains is seen to the 
westward. 

The remote sources of the Hudson are among the iiighest peaks of 

31 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

the Adirondack Mountains, 4,000 feet above tidewater. Its numerous 
upper branches unite in the neighborhood of Fort Edward, 180 miles 
from the ocean, and thence the river follows a southerly course, broken 
by numerous falls and rapids, to Troy, where it meets tidewater. The 
principal tributaries are the Mohawk and Hoosick rivers, the former 
rising in the central part of New York, and the latter in southern 
Vermont, both joining the Hudson near Troy, below which city the 
tributaries, though numerous, are small, none of them being naviga- 
ble for more than two miles. 

The mountain-ranges through or near which the Hudson passes are 
part of the Appalachian system. The Highlands are a continuation of 
the Blue Ridge, which, after crossing Pennsylvania and iSJew York, 
ends in the Green Mountains of Vermont and New Hampshire. The 
Catsbergs and Hilderbergs are continuations of the westward ranges of 
the AUeghanies. The mean rise and fall of the tide at New York is 
about five feet, and at Albany two and a half feet. 

The commerce of the Hudson River, during the season when it is not 
obstructed by ice, is extensive and constantly increasing. It is the 
natural outlet for lumber from the vast forests of the North. This is 
floated down the main stream and its branches during the high water 
of early spring, and several millions of feet are every year brought to 
market in this manner. 

The Delaware & Hudson Canal brings vast quantities of coal from 
Pennsylvania, and keeps numerous barges constantly plying between 
its junction with the river at Rondout and the various cities reached by 
water from that point. The Erie Canal, connecting the Great Lakes 
with the ocean, through the Hudson Rivei', affords means of transpor- 
tation for Western produce, and for the manufactured goods of the 
East. The immense " tows" of canal boats ascending and descending 
the river form an important and interesting feature of its commercial 
life. Quarries of various kinds of stone, valuable for building, paving, 
flagging, etc., are found at various points on and near the river ; and 
in Ulster County, water limestone, making the best cement, is found in 
inexhaustible quantities. 

In the vicinity of Haverstraw are extensive beds of clay which give 
employment to thousands of brickraakers, whose kilns are seen for 
miles along the river bank. Manufactories, foundries, machine-shops, 
shipyards, and agricultural products unite to swell the numbers of 

32 



NEW YORK '('P:NTRAL RATLKOAl). 

every sort of vessel suitable for navigating tlicse waters, and the fish- 
eries afford employment to many men. During the winter, many 
thousand tons of ice arc stored for domestic use and for exporta- 
tion. 

In history the river assumes a prominent place in the annals of the 
country. In September, 1G09, when Ilendrick Hudson sailed througli 
the Narrows, and anchored his vessel, the " Half -Moon," in New York 
Bay, the shores were covered with a magnificent forest, unbroken save 
by natural meadows or by the villages of Indians. 

The beautiful bay and river, now one of the busiest scenes of com- 
mercial activity in the world, were without signs of human life, except 
the few canoes of the natives; and Manhattan Island, with its dense 
population of a million souls, its splendid streets and buildings, and its 
proud commercial position as the Metropolis of the Western Continent, 
was a hilly, thickly-wooded island, inhabited by a fierce and warlike 
race of savages. 

Hendrick Hudson was sent out by the Dutch East India Company to 
search for a northwest passage to India, a problem which tempts 
explorers even in our own day; and when he looked up the long line of 
the Palisades, and noted the strong ebb and flow of the tidal currents 
at the mouth of the river, he thought his object was gained. Accord- 
ingly he sailed up the river, viewing, with wonder and delight, the 
magnificent scenery, and observing the natural wealth of the country, 
until, on September 21, having reached tlie present site of Albany, he 
became convinced that he was following a river, and not a strait. 

He was everywhere received with great friendliness by the Indians ; 
but, when returning to the ocean, Hudson's mate shot an Indian for 
stealing, which caused an immediate collision, and several natives 
were killed. Hudson returned to Europe, and, in consequence of his 
reports, trading vessels were soon sent oiit, and after a few yeai's of 
traffic in furs, a settlement was made in 1614, on the southern pcint of 
Manhattan Island. 

During the Revolutionary War the Hudson was the scene of con- 
stant activity on the part of both armies. Washington early perceived 
the strategic importance of the river and its dependencies, and used 
every means to retain possession. The British, however, in 1776, 
wrested Manhattan Island from our then inexperienced troops, and 
retained it during the war. They were unable to effect a permanent 

23 



ISTEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

lodgment above the isliind, iilthougli they made several successful 
raids up the river, ouc-e as far as Kingston. Fortifications were 
erected at various commanding points along the river. 

The influence which this river has exerted and continues to exert 
upon the material prosperity of the country is incalculable. New York 
city undoiibtedly owes much of its rapid growth to its position at the 
mouth of the Hudson River. In the early histoiy of the country, be- 
fore the railway, navigable bays and rivers were the most important 
thoroughfares of trade and communication between different sections 
of the country ; and even now, after the invention of the locomotive, 
so gi'eat are the advantages which such a stream presents to commerce 
and various industrial interests, that its importance cannot be over- 
shadowed even by the railways. In connection with a splendid system 
of canals, it affords an immense stretch of inland navigation. 

The river itself is navigated by the largest vessels as far as Athens, 
which is about 117 miles from New York, and about 125 miles from its 
mouth at the Narrows. Steamboats and schooners ascend to Troy, at 
the head of tidewater, about l.")l miles above New York. Its entire 
length is something over 300 miles. 

As a commercial channel the importance of the Hudson is not 
excelled by any river of equal length in America. Probably a thou- 
sand vessels ply its waters, engaged in the various branches of com- 
merce. The passenger steamboats on the river are numerous. Some 
of them are of great size, and rank among the finest water-craft in the 
world. 

The name Spuyten Duyvil is ascribed by the veracious Diedrich 
Knickerbocker (Washington Irving) to Anthony Van Corlear, the 
redoubtable Dutch trumpeter, who, being bound on an important mis- 
sion to the mainland, and finding himself unable to procure a boat, 
swore that "en spuyt den duyvil" he would swim the creek. He 
plunged in, and when midway across was observed to struggle violently, 
until, no longer able to resist the duyvil, who was doubtless tugging at 
his legs, he raised the trumpet to his lips, gave a loud blast and sank 
forever to the bottom. Opposite Spuyten Duyvil, on the west shore, is 
Lydecker Peak, one of the highest points of the Palisades. Upon this 
peak previously stood the magnificent Palisades Mountain House, in 
full view of the railroad and river. It was one of the finest summer 
hotels on the Hudson, but was burned on July 3, 1884. 

24 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

In ;i(l(litii)ii lo the service of the New York Ceiitrul & Hudson River 
R;iilr()iul for passengers and freight from the Grand Central Station on 
East Forty-second Street, New York city, a line, formerly uscsd for 
general traffic, runs from tlic freight depot at Thirtietii Street, New 
York, along Eleventli and Twelfth Avenues, past Riverside Park and 
along the Hudson River to Spuyten Duyvil. This line is utilized for 
local passenger traffic, the transportation of emigrants, and the carriage 
of heavy freight. There are several stations on this line worthy of 
mention. The first is — 

MANHATTANVILLE, New York city and county, 8 miles from 
City Hall, New York. The name is applied to the neighborhood of 
One Hundred and Thirty-second Street. The conspicuous building on 
high ground, a little south of Manliattanville, is the Bloomingdale 
Insane Asylum, surrounded by about forty acres of ornamental grounds, 
which are devoted to the use of the inmates. Nearer the river is tlie 
Claremont Hotel, where in former years lived Viscount Courtenay, 
afterwards Eail of Devon. Joseph Bonaparte occupied the house 
during the first year of his exile in this country. It is now a popular 
lesort for frequenters of the Riverside Drive and Park. The tomb of 
(Tcneral U. S. Grant is in Riverside Park, south of Claremont House. 
\Aithin five minutes' ride of this station, and at the foot of One Hun- 
dred and Fifty-second Street is — 

CARMANSVILLE, New York city and county, 9 miles from 
City Hall, New York. In the neighborhood is Trinity Cemetery, 
Audubon i'ark (formerly the residence of the late celebrated 
naturalist), and the New York Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, 
one of the finest institutions of the kind in the world. On the oppo- 
site side of the river, the bank for many miles is formed by the Pali- 
sades, a precipitous, rocky cliff of trap- dike formation, from 300 to 500 
feet in height. Geologists suppose that ages ago the crust of the earth 
was ruptured by some cause in the line of this dike, and volcanic 
matters protruded from below, which, being harder and more durable 
than the iidjacent rocks, have better withstood the slow but constant 
action of the elements during almost inconceivably long periods of 
time, but of which the enclosing walls on the east have been removed, 
leaving the present abrupt precipice. 

The next station we come to on our way to Spuytcn Duy^'il via the 
eastern shore of the Hudson is — 

35 



N^EW YORK CEXTUAL RAILROAD. 

FORT WASHINGTON, New York city and county, 10 miles 
from City Hall, New York. This extreme northern portion is the 
most beautiful part of Manhattan Island, and its natural beauties 
are finely brought out by the good taste and lavish expenditures 
of the wealthy residents. Splendid river views, rocks, forest trees, 
winding roads among elegant mansions having beautiful gardens, con- 
servatories, and other attractive and costly surroundings, make it a 
valuable addition to the Central Park for drives and strolls. 

The grading and leveling of city engineers has not yet reached this 
cliarming region, although it is penetrated by streets in every direc- 
tion. The fortification after which this place was named was an exten- 
sive earthwork occupying the crown of Washington Heights, and com- 
manding the river above and below, as well as the neighboring country. 
It formed the end and citadel of an irregular line of works extending 
along the northern part of the island. The point extending into the 
river under Washington Heights is Jeffrey's Hook, and among its 
cedars are mounds which mark the site of a redoubt built at the same 
time with the neighboring fortifications. These works, with their gar- 
rison of 2,700 men, were captured by the British after a sharp resist- 
ance, on November 15, 1776. This was the second defeat of the 
Americans in New York, and was a severe blow to the friends of the 
republic in this vicinity. 

Directly opposite, on the western shore of the Hudson, stands — 

* FORT L£i£j, Hudson County, New Jersey, — a village so called 
because on its site stood, during the last century, a fort bearing that 
name. The remains of the fort are scarcely discernible, and cannot be 
seen at all from the river. This fort was occupied by the Americans 
until after the British had captured Fort Washington in 1776, when it 
also was abandoned, and the Americans retreated across the State of 
New Jersey. 

The large white building with two towers, standing in the gorge at 
the beginning of the Palisades, is the Fort Lee Park Hotel. The large 
octagon building at the base of the hill is a Pavilion. 

" From the summit of the Palisades a magnificent view is obtained. 
High up upon the crest of the great escarpment one may stand, and 
look far away into the west, and see the most glorious sunsets that ever 
changed the sky to gold or fire. To the north lie the Highlands we 

Places ftiarked with a star (*) are on the west s^ide of the Hudson River. 

36 




The Palisades. 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

are soon to pass, stretched out in noblest panorama for our view, and 
to the south the river flows on in a broader stream, until on the eastern 
side the city of New York begins and the stream changes its aspect, 
and passes between the crowded shores that send out across it the noisy 
thunder of their busy life ; and Palisades, and rocky hills, and long 
reaches of still stream, and green pleasant banks, make a sudden end 
as the Hudson sweeps grandly and quietly down to the sea." 

INWOOD, city and county of New York, 12 miles from City Hall. 
The foi-mer name of this station was " Tubby Hook." It is sur- 
rounded with charming villas and picturesque meandering drives. 

Having viewed the route to Spuyten Duyvil from the Grand Central 
Depot via Harlem, and taken a brief survey of localities along the old 
Hudson River line by way of Manhattanville and Fort Washington, 
we are now at liberty to note the many interesting scenes, historical, 
legendary, and picturesque, on either bank of tliat world-famed stream, 
from the spot near which Anthony the Trumpeter had such a direful 
experience with " Old Nick," to the lofty Helderberg mountains near 
Albany, and the council-ground of the Mohegans. 

* The Palisades are from 250 to 550 feet high, stretching along the 
west shore of the Hudson from Hoboken to Piermont, with a continua- 
tion along the Tappan Zee to Ilaverstraw and Point No Point. They 
form an unbroken wall of columnar trap rock, thickly wooded at the 
summit, and giving a wild, desolate appearance to the locality. 
One and a half miles north of Spuyten Duyvil station is— 

RIVERDALE, in New York city and county, 14 miles from City 
Hall. This village is composed almost entirely of handsome country 
residences, the property of New York merchants. It is delightfully 
located, healthy, and desirable in every way as a rural retreat. 

MOUNT ST. VINCENT, a Roman Catholic educational institu- 
tion, under the immediate control of the Sisters of Charity, who 
purchased Font Hill, as the place was called, from the celebrated 
tragedian, Edwin Forrest. The castellated structure of dark stone, 
built by Forrest as a private residence, is now a part of the Mount 
St. Vincent Academy, though, unfortunately, the two buildings are 
architecturally inharmonious. These buildings are at the northern- 
most limit of the city of New York. 

27 



NKW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

Directly across tlic Hudson from Mount St. Vincent may be seen — 

* INDIAN HEAD, tho higliest point of tlie Palisades, 550 feet 
above the river. On tlie same side as Indian Head is tiie — 

* TAPPAN ZEE, or Tappim Bay, a "beautiful lake-like wideniKg" of 
the river, ten miles long and from two to five miles wide. Many legends 
are related among the country people — even to this day — concerning 
Tappan Zee. Washington Irving tells the story of a " roystering Dutch- 
man of Spiting Devil," who went out alone in his boat on the bay, 
spending the whole of one Saturday in going its entire length, after 
which exploit he attended a cpiilting party at Kakiat. It was midniglit 
when the frolic ended, and the Dutchman was warned Jiot to enter his 
boat on Sunday. He was obstinate, however, and swore he'd cross 
the bay at all hazards. " He was never seen afterwards, but may be 
heard plying his oars, as above mentioned, being the Flying Dutchman 
of the Tappan Sea, doomed to ply between Kakiat and Spiting Devil 
until the day of judgment." 

It must not be forgotten that the reader is traveling along the New 
York Central & Hudson River Railroad on the eastern shore of the 
Hudson River, brief sketches of jioints on the opposite side of the river 
being introduced in order that the jianoramic view may be complete. 
Three miles north of Mount St. Vincent is the thriving town of — 

YONKERS, Westchester County, N. Y., 17 miles from New York. 
Built on a number of hills overlooking the river, it has, since its incor- 
poration in 1855, prospered beyond even the most sanguine expectations 
of its founders. The population is estimated at 26,000, consisting 
largely of New York city business men and their families. Gas and 
water works Lave been established. An efficient police department 
has been working for some time. Telegraphic connection is main- 
tained between the police headquarters here and in New York. There 
are a number of important manufactures carried on within the town 
limits, including the production of mowers and reapers, silk, carpets, 
bats, and pencils. Machine shops and elevator works have also been 
erected, giving constant employment to many skilled artisans. The 
locality is not without interest from an historical point of view. Hen- 
drick Hudson anchored off Yonkers when ascending the river in Septem- 
ber, 1609, and was visited by large numbers of Indians with whom he 
traded. In the evening the tide set strongly up stream, which con- 

38 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

firmed Hudson in the belief that he was in a passage betweeen two 
oceans. The name Yonkers is derived from the Dutch " Yonk-heer," 
signifying the heir of a family. The greater part of this region was 
purchased from the Van der Donck family, to whom it was originally 
granted by Frederick Philipse. 

The old " Philipse Manor " still exists, and is a most attractive object 
for those interested in relics of the olden time. The manor stands 
within tlie town of Yonkers. The older portion was built in 1682, and 
the more modern portion in 1745. It is probably the finest specimen of 
an old-fashioned mansion in the country. The interior decorations 
have been scrupulously preserved and are very quaint and curious. In 
this old Hall was born Mary Philipse, the belle of her day and the 
early love of Washington. She chose to marry another, Roger Morris ; 
but it is said that Washington always cherished the memory of the 
beautiful heiress of Philipse Manor. 

GLENWOOD, Yonkers, Westchester County, 18 miles from New 
York. The name is appropriate and suggestive, as is the place itself, 
of rustic peacefulness. Leaving Glenwood, a rapid spin of three miles 
brings into view the quiet village of — 

HASTINGS, Greenburg, Westchester County, 21 miles from New 
York. ' 'Hastings is most romantically situated. The elegant residences 
of many wealthy New Yorkers can be seen nestling among the trees that 
crown the hills and afford a beautiful view of the river and the sur- 
rounding country." Much Westchester marble is shipped from Hast- 
ings. A British force, under Cornwallis, crossed the river at this place 
in 1776 and joined another force in capturing Fort Lee. Cannonading 
was kept up from two forts on the heights as the boats got under way, 
causing much annoyance to the troops on board. Garibaldi, the 
Liberator of Italy, paid frequent visits to Hastings during his stay in 
New York. Near Hastings is the stately old Livingston mansion, which 
was used as the headquarters of Washington and the scene of the official 
conferences concerning the British evacuation of New York in 1783. 

Andre and Arnold. The story of Arnold's treason and of Andre's 
capture and execution is one of the most interesting and at the same 
time one of the saddest in our history. Benedict Arnold was a major- 
general in the American army, having won his position by distinguished 
gallantry and zeal. It is not necessary here to trace the successive 

29 



NKW YORK OF.NTRAL RAILROAD. 

steps which led to his fall. SulTicc it to say that certain acts of his 
while in command at Phihulelphia led to his trial by court martial. 
Ho was sentenced to be reprimanded, but the sentence, mild as it was, 
embittered him toward his country, and he began to take steps toward 
opening a correspondence with the enemy. 

Assigned to the command of U'est Point and vicinity, he soon began 
negotiations for surrender to Sir Henry Clinton. Finally arrange- 
ments were made for a meeting with Major John Andre, Adjutant- 
General of the British army. The British sloop of war "Vulture" 
was sent up to Teller's Point with Andre on board. On the second 
night he landed on the west side of the river, just below Stony 
Point, and, meeting Arnold, consulted with him until daylight. 
Their plans were incomplete when day broke, and Arnold persuaded 
his companion to go with him to a Tory house near by. Horses were 
at hand, provided, and the two rode together through the dark woods. 
Presently they were challenged by a sentry, and then Andre perceived 
that he was within the enemy's line. They went on, however, and 
entered the house. As soon as daylight was sufficiently clear, an 
American gun opened fire on the " Vulture '' from Teller's Point, and 
the vessel weighed anchor and dropped down the river. 

Andre was in uniform, but in order to provide against discovery he 
put on a plain coat, and by this act assumed the disguise which 
deprived him of his official character, and rendered him open to con- 
viction as a spy. In the course of the day plans for the surrender of 
the garrison about West Point were completed, and Andre became 
anxious to regain the British lines. Being unable to get a boat to take 
him down to the " Vulture," he was forced to take the land route. 
Accordingly he crossed King's Ferry, and on the strength of Arnold's 
passes passed all the regular American outposts. 

On this particular morning, however, three volunteers had agreed 
to watch the road at Tarrytown, and on Andre's appearance halted 
him, and made him dismount, and discovered inside his stockings the 
evidences of his mission. Andre offered bribes to a large amount if 
they would let him go, but the stern patriots refused, and marched him 
off to the nearest American post. The commanding officer, Colonel 
Jamieson, was very near sending prisoner, papers, and all to Arnold, 
but Major Tallmadge persuaded him to send only a letter detailing the 
circumstances of the arrest. This Arnold received while at breakfast. 

30 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

He immediately left the table, ordered his horse, saying that he was 
wanted down the river, rode to Beverly Dock (see page 39), and, leap- 
ing into a boat, went down the river to the " Vulture." 

Andre at once wrote to Washington, frankly telling the whole truth, 
and closing with the words, " Thus was I betrayed (being Adjutant- 
General of the B. army) into the vile condition of an enemy in dis- 
guise within your posts." Washington convened a court, which tried 
Andre at Tappan. The accused so freely admitted ail the charges and 
specifications, that it was not necessary to examine a single' witness, 
and the court, after long deliberation, reluctantly sentenced him to 
death. Much sympathy was felt for Andre throughout the American 
camp, but every one acknowledged that no leniency should be shown. 
An informal proposition was made to exchange him for Arnold, but 
neither Washington nor Sir Henry Clinton would oflacially consider 
this plan, and on October 2, 1780, Andre was hung. 

In 1832 his remains were removed to England, and a monument 
stands in Westminster Abbey on which the sad story is inscribed. 
Arnold was made a Major-General in the British army, and received 
£10,000, the price of his treason, but was despised even by his brother 
officers, and died with hardly a friend to mourn his loss. Monuments 
have been erected to the memory of Paulding and Van Wart, two of 
the men engaged iu Andre's capture at Peekskill and Tarrytown. In 
1878 the Rev. Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, Dean of Westminster, visited 
this country, and secured permission to have a stone, bearing a suitable 
inscription, raised to Andre's memory on the place of his execution. 

DOBBS' FERRY, Greenburg, Westchester County, N. Y., 22 
miles from New York. A village of considerable size, containing villas 
and cottages of tasteful and elegant appearance. The village is named 
after a ferry which was kept in olden times between this place and 
Piermont, opposite, by one Dobbs, a Swede. An attempt was made 
some years since to have this name changed to ''Paulding," as being 
both more euphonious and appropriate. The proposition led to quite a 
controversy in the newspapers ; but public opinion decided, for the 
time at least, in favor of the old Swedish ferryman. 

The Palisades, on the opposite side of the river, which for about 
twenty miles have formed a precipitous river bank, are now suddenly 
interrupted by the valley through which the Erie Railway was origi- 
nally built, and they do not again resume their precipitous character. 

31 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

Dobhs' Ferry is well known in Revolutionary annals. The British 
concentrated their forces here after their dearly-bought victory at 
White Plains, live miles east. This battle took place in October, 1776. 
In 1777 a division of the American army, under General Lincoln, was 
encamped here for several months. Tappan, about three miles south- 
west of Pievmont, was the scene of Andre's trial and execution durinsi^ 
the war of tlie Revolution. About two years before this event Hayl(jr's 
rec^iinent of American cavalry was surprised at night at Tappan by tlu; 
British General Grey, and two thirds of its men were massacred. The 
Commission sent by Sir Henry Clinton to intercede; for tlie life of the 
unfortunate spy, Major Andre, landed here and held a long but unsuc- 
cessful consultation with General Greens, the president of the court 
which condemned him to death. Greene met the Chief of the Commis- 
sion, by permission of General Washington, only in the character of a 
private gentleman; but although both friend and foe desired to save 
Andre's life, the conference proved unavailing. Dobbs' Ferry was the 
first place appointed for a meeting between Andre and Arnold. The 
plan, however, was not successfully carried out. 

IRVINGTON, Greenburg, Westchester County, 24 miles from 
New York, named for the late Washington Irving, whose estate, 
called "Sunnyside," is situated a little northeast of the station. The 
locality has been consecrated by the genius of this most charming 
writer, and men of wealth and liberal taste have collected about it, 
laid out beautiful grounds, and erected elegant mansions. 

* PIERMONT, Orangetown, Rockland County, 24 miles from New 
York, on the west side of the river, is notable for its pier, one mile 
long, projecting from the shore to deep water A short distance below 
Piermont is the boundary line between New Yoi'k and New Jersey, near 
which the Palisades recede from the shore and lose their precipitous 
character. The ridge continues, however, in a series of hills reaching, 
in some places, a height of nearly seven hundred feet, but nowhere 
resuming the peculiar palisade formation. ^Ve may here call attention 
to the beautiful "Arbor Vita?" (Thuja Occidentalis), which is fre- 
quently seen, singly or in groves, along the banks. It is, in fact, the 
common white cedar, which in this vicinity assumes a beautiful pencil- 
like habit of growth, and forms a distinctive feature of the landscape. 

Gliding swiftly past " Sunnyside," we come to — 

32 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

TARRYTOWN, Greenburg and Mount Pleasant, Westcliester 
County, 29 miles from New York. Tarrytovvn is delightfully situated 
on a hillside overlooking the river and the Palisades to the southward, 
and commanding a distant view of the Ramapo Mountains and Hudson 
Highlands to the west and north. The whole town is thickly studded 
with dwellings of every style of beauty. Prominent among these is 
1 he white marble edifice known as Paulding Manor, which stands just 
below the town. This palatial dwelling was built by descendants of 
Commodore Paulding, and is one of the finest specimens of the Eliza- 
bethan style of architecture in this country. It has passed out of the 
possession of the Paulding family. 

A little above TaiTytown is the Pocantico, a small stream flowing 
through the valley, called by the Dutch " Slaeperigh Haven," and 
translated into English as " Sleepy Hollow." About half a mile from 
tlie mouth of this stream is a Dutch church, which is a curiosity in its 
way, being the oldest religious edifice in the State of New Yoi'k. The 
date of erec^tion is 1699. Its walls contain bricks which were imported 
from Holland when the church was erected. 

The old bell hangs in the belfry, on whose pointed roof an iron vane 
still turns, bearing the monogram of the founder of the church, Fred- 
erick Philipse, whose mansion, known as " Philipse Castle," stands on 
the banks of the stream not far distant. This is the dwelling whence 
the Philipse family moved when the mansion at Yonkers was built. 

To the eastward of the church is the valley of Sleepy Hollow, and 
the identical bridge, or at least its successor, over which the Headless 
Hessian pursued Ichabod Crane, as related by Irving in the "Legend 
of Sleepy Hollow." Between this bridge and Tarrytown the road 
crosses Andre's Brook, and near by stands a monument marking the 
spot where he was captured. A suitable inscription gives the leading 
facts connected with that event. 

* Nearly opposite Tarrytown, at the foot of a precipitous hill on the 
western side of the Tappan Zee, the mountains sweep back from Pier- 
mont in the form of a semicircle, and meet the river again at the north- 
ern extremity of the Zee, in a series of bluffs familiarly known as the 
Hook, almost as imposing as the Rock of Gibraltar, which it strongly 
resembles in outline and general appearance. Within this semicircle 
— one of the loveliest spots on the river — and connected with Tarry- 
town by a steam ferry, nestles the beautiful village of — 
3 33 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

* NYACK, which is rapidly growing into a large suburban town. 
The Rip Van Wmklc sleep which seems to have possessed this part of 
the western shoi-e of the river from time immemorial has been very 
properly disturbed by the extension of the Northern Railway to 
Nyack, and now all is bustle and activity. Looking out from the pro- 
montory which extends into the "Zee," on a point nearly central be- 
tween Piermont and the Hook, is the Tappan Zee Hotel. 

One mile north of Tarrytown is — 

SCARBOROUGH, Ossining, Westchester County, iJl miles from 
New York ; ;uul about the same distance from Scarborough we reach — 

SING SING, Ossining, Westchester County, 32 miles from New 
York. A handsome little city, with a population of 7,000. "The 
town itself is very beautiful, many elegant residences rising on the 
long upward slope from the river."' One of the New Y'ork State prisons 
is located here. It was built in 1826 by convicts who were brought 
here for that purpose from Auburn prison. The material is a white 
marble, quarried near by. There are three buildings, containing one 
thousand cells for men, and one hundred for women. Croton aqueduct 
passes through Sing Sing, and is carried over a ravine by a stone arch 
70 feet high, having a span of 88 feet. Across the river is Haverstraw 
Bay, five miles wide— the widest part of the Hudson, extending from 
Croton Point on the south to Verplanck's Point on the north. The 
first view of the West Shore Railroad is now obtained from the eastern 
shore. 

Rockland Lake, 150 feet above the river, the source of the Hacken- 
sack, and a great ice-quarry in winter, is also opposite Sing Sing, 
the lake being separated from the Hudson by Hook Mountain, 610 
feet in height. The point which abuts on the river is Verdritege Hook, 
commonly called "Point No Point." 

A short distance north of Rockland Lake, on the western shore, is— 

HAVERSTRAW, Haverstraw, Rockland County, New York, 36 
miles from New York. This village is built on a high bank or plateau 
Extensive brick-kilns line the river bank close by. Haverstraw is an 
important station of the West Shore Railroad. 

For a few miles below Haverstraw, the summits of the Highlands 
are distinctly in sight, up the river, although their bases are hidden by 
intervening hills. 

54 



XKW YOIIK ("KNTKAL HAILKOAD. 

Tlio extremity of the tongue of land which projeels far into tiie river 
from its eastern banii above Sing Sing, from which .station we are now 
proceeding toward Croton, is i^nown as Teller's i'oiut. That portion 
nearer the shore of the river is termed Croton Point. It separates 
Tai)pan Hay from Haverstraw Bay. Off this point the "Vulture" 
auc^hored when she brought Andre to meet Arnold, and from thence 
the gun was brought to bear which drove that vessel down the river, 
t'roton Point is now occupied by the vineyards of Dr. Underbill, whose 
pure wines are much used for medicinal purjioses. Just below Teller's 
Point is the mouth of Croton River, which supplies New York with 
water. This stream has a wide mouth, sometimes called Croton Bay, 
which was partly filled up in 1841 by the washing away of the Croton 
Reservoir dam. The work was, however, pressed forward and in 1843 
water was supplied to the city through the Croton pipes. 

The aqueduct is built of solid masonry, and follows the course of 
the Hudson at an average distance of about a mile from its shore. 
This aqueduct is capable of discharging 60,000,000 gallons per day 
into the receiving reservoir in the Central Park, New York. The 
entire cost of the Croton works at their completion was about $14,000,- 
000. Since that time great improvements and additions have been 
made to meet the demands of the growing city. It is estimated that 
the Croton River will supply water enough for New York even if the 
city should reach five times its present size. Passing Croton Point at a 
rapid rate, the cars soon reach — 

CROTON, Cortland, Westchester County, New York, 36 miles 
from New York. 

On our way to the next station we can discern, on the opposite shore, 
Treason Hill, north of Haverstraw, where Arnold met Andre at Joshua 
Rett Smith's. Two miles north of Haverstraw, on the same side of 
the river, is Grassy Point, and a mile farther on is Stony Point, which 
was stormed by the Americans under General Anthony Wayne on July 
15, 1779, with a view to driving the British from their fortifications. 

Stony Point, with Verplanck's Point on the eastern shore, form 
the southern gateways of the Highlands. 

35 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 



CAPTURE OF 8TO^V POINT. 

The forts located at Stony Point were held by the Americans until 
June 1, 1779. when they were simultaneously invested by a British 
force commanded by Sir Henry Clinton. No direct attack was made 
on Port Lafayette, the work on Verplanck's Point, until after the evac- 
uation of Stony Point. The garrison at the latter place numbered only 
40 men, and abandoned the work on the approach of an overwhelming 
force of the British, who quietly took possession, ran up the cross of St. 
George on the flagstaff, and opened fire on Fort Lafayette with the 
captured guns. 

At the same time Gen. Vaughan attacked on the east side of the river, 
and the weak garrison of 70 men were soon forced to surrender. The 
loss of this position was a severe blow to the Americans, compelling 
them to make a wide detour in order to keep up their communications. 
General Anthony Wayne at once requested and obtained permission to 
storm Stony Point, and at midnight on the 15th of July, 1779, led two 
columns of picked men to the assault. 'J'hey advanced undiscovered 
until they were close upon the British picket, which of course gave the 
alarm, and the garrison turned out. 

The parapet was manned, and a scathing fire of grape and musketry 
swept the hillside; but " Mad Anthony " was at theheadof his column, 
and, within half an hour after the first shot, carried the works at the 
bayonet's point, capturing the entire garrison with its stores. Wayne 
was knocked over, but not seriously injured, by a musket ball. The 
next morning a cannonade was opened on the works at Verplanck's 
Point, and continued through the day. Re-enforceraents were sent to 
the British, and it soon became evident that suflficient force to hold 
Stony Point could not be spared by the Americans. They therefore 
dismantled and abandoned the fort, and it passed again into British 
hands. They, however, in turn abandoned the position in October, 
and from that time the Americans retained possession. 

On the one hundredth anniversary of the capture of Stony Point, 
interesting commemorative exercises were held on the spot, and the 
battle was fought over again in imitation of the original contest, the 
cadet battalion from West Point participating. 

36 




CAPTURE OF STONY POINT BY THE AMERICANS, JULY' 16TH, 1779. 



NEW YORK CEXTRAL RAILROAD. 

OSCOWANA is a small way station, with but few inhabitants. 
It is the first station north of Croton. 

CRUGER'S, Cortland. VA'estehester County, New York — 37 miles 
from New York. Near the head of Haverstraw Bay, and not far from 
this station, on our way to view the regions said to be inhabited and 
ruled by a number of mischievous little goblins in knickerbocker 
suits, we come to — 

MONTROSE, a small, quiet, and unassuming village. 

PEEKSEILL, Cortland, Westchester County, New York — 4o miles 
from New York. The village is a pleasant one, standing at the mouth 
of the romantic Peekskill Hollow, and is within easy reach of all inter- 
esting parts of the Highlands. The late Henry Ward Beecher had a 
country residence a little east of the village. Fort Independence 
stood, during Revolutionary times, on the point above Peekskill, where 
its ruins may still be seen. And on the point below is the Franciscan 
Convent Academy of "Our Lady of Angels." The population of 
Peekskill is now more than 7,000. It is a bustling and thriving place, 
having several iron foundries, machine shops and other manufactories, 
and is surrounded by magnificent river scenery. "Its history dates 
back to a period anterior to the Revolutionary War, and in that 
trying time it played an important i)art. On the old Van Cortland 
farm, two miles north of the town, yet stands the house in which, for 
a time. General Washington had his headquarters, and just beyond can 
be seen the church in which he worshiped." 

The village on the point opposite Peekskill is Caldwell's Landing. 
Above it rise the rocky and weather-beaten crags of the Donderberg, or 
Thunder Mountain, around which, at the close of a sultry summer day, 
black clouds are wont to gather, casting a deep inky blackness over 
mountain and river, while mutterings of thunder are echoed from 
peak to peak, with such strange and confused rumblings that we can 
hardly wonder at the superstitions whicli, according to Irving, peopled 
the hills with a crowd of little imps in sugarloaf hats and short doub- 
lets, who were seen at various times " tumbling head over heels in the 
rack and mist," and bringing down frightful scjualls on such craft as 
failed to drop the peaks of their mainsails in salute to the Dutch gob- 
lin who kept the Donderberg. 

On the east shore, on a wide plateau, is the State Encampment, 

37 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

where the regiments of the National Guard of the State of New York 
encamp once a year, in summer, for drill and inspection. 

Above tlie Donderbcrg, on the east side of the river, is Anthony's 
Nose, 1,200 ft. high. In the " History of New York," Irving gives an 
amusing account of the origin of this name. Another says it was once 
compared to the nose of one Anthony Ilogans, the captain of a sloop, 
who possessed an unusually large nasal ap{)endage, and thus the name 
obtained a local currency which eventually became fixed as the title of 
this majestic hill. 

On the west side of the river is lona Island, on which were formerly 
extensive vineyards, anil which now has a hotel and is a well-known 
place of resort. This island is the northernmost jioint which is reached 
by the sea-breeze. The eflfect upon vegetation is very noticeable in the 
spring of the year. The stream which may be seen falling into the 
river below Anthony's Nose is known as " Brocken Kill." It is full of 
romantic cascades, almost from its mouth to its sources. 

On the west side of the river, nearly ojiposite to Anthony's Nose, 
may be seen Fort Montgomery, a stnall village at the mouth of Mont- 
gomery Creek. On the rocky heights above and below the creek, stood 
Forts Clinton and Montgomery, which were in 1777 the principal 
defences of the Hudson. They were considered impregnaljle to an 
assault from the land side, and with the ordnance of the day they had 
little to fear from a naval attack. A heavy boom, made of a huge 
iron chain on timber floats, stretched across the river, and was made 
fast to the rocks at Anthony's Nose. This, it was thought, woukl 
effectually prevent the ascent of a hostile fleet. 

On October 6, 1777, Sir Henry Clinton sent a strong detachment 
around and over the Donderberg, to attack these forts in the rear. A 
demonstration on the east side of the river had led General Putnam to 
anticipate an attack on Fort Independence, near Peekskill, and a por- 
tion of the garrison at Fort Montgomery was temporarily withdrawn 
to strengthen that post. The British had a sharp skirmish with an 
American detachment at Lake Sinnipink, which is still known among 
the inhabitants as " Bloody Pond." 

This attack was the first warning which aroused the garrison at the 
forts. In the course of the afternoon the forts were attacked, and the 
garrisons defended themselves gallantly until evening, when, it having 
become evident that they could not hold out, they took to the moun- 

38 



XEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

tains, an orderly retreat being impossible, and so the greater part 
escaped. An American flotilla of two sloops and some smaller craft, 
which lay above the boom, was abandoned and burned, to prevent its 
falling into the enemy's hands. The next morning the boom was 
destroyed, and the British fleet, with a detachment of troops, proceeded 
up the river. A short time afterward the British received the news of 
Burgoyne's surrender, and abandoned the forts. 

The West Shore K.R. here crosses Montgomery Creek on a tine iron 
bridge. To th(> west is the Forest of Dean, and the mountain town of 
Munroe. The Hudson now bends to the northeast. Far in advance 
is the ruined height of Fort Putnam, and on the right front is the 
symmetrical cone of Sugar-loaf Mountain. The Parry House, with 
ruins of an old mill in front, and Benny Havens's cottage at the 
waterside, can also be seen in the immediate vicinity. 

Still looking across at the western shore, we can there discern, above 
the points just mentioned. Buttermilk Falls, a series of white rapids 
on a brook which falls one hundred feet to the river. Here are several 
large flour mills, and just above is — 

^ CRANSTON'S, a well-known and much-frequented summer 
resort. It stands on a lofty bluff overlooking the Hudson, and two 
hundred and fifty feet above it, with a magnificent view north and 
south. The village of Highland Falls is just southwest of Cranston's 
Hotel, but not much of the town can be seen from the river. 

By this time, on our journey along the eastern banks, the train has 
passed Highlands and progressed in a northerly direction as far as — 

GARRISON'S, Philipstown, Putnam County, New York, 50 miles 
from New York. This station, named in honor of a distinguished family 
of Revolutionary fame, is opposite the military school at West Point. It 
is surrounded by the most sublime and picturesque scenery of the Hud- 
son, and is associated with some of the eventful scenes of Revolutionary 
times. On the east bank of the river, about one mile south of the 
depot, is the Robinson House, where Benedict Arnold received the 
letter from Colonel Jamieson, informing him of the arrest of Andre. 
The General was breakfasting with some distinguished friends when 
the letter arrived. He immediately left the table, saying that he was 
wanted down the river, and, ordering his horse, rode to Beverley Dock, 
and, leaping into his six-oared barge, told his men to pull with all 

39 



NEW YORK CKNTRAL RAILROAD. 

speed down the river to the Britisli niaii-of-war, the "Vulture," lyiiifr 
off Teller's i^)iiit. Thus Arnold escaped, and tlie j^lory of an Ameri- 
can soldier faded into tlie infamy of the most noted traitor of history. 

This and other phiecs of interest are easily visitcid from the Higldand 
House, situated about half a mile east of the railroad station, on a pla- 
teau commanding one of the most delightful prospects foi- whicli the 
banks of the Hudson are so justly celebrated. It is surrounded on the 
east and south with mountains abounding in running brooks and wild, 




INDIAN FALLS, GARRISON S, N. Y. 

shaded glens, and overlooks West Point and the Highlands to the west. 

In the vicinity are delightful drives and places of peculiar beauty, 
among which are Indian Palls, Glen Falls, North and South Redoubt, 
Anthony's Nose, and Sugar Loaf Mountains on the east side of the 
river, and West Point and Highland Falls on the west side ; while the 
beautiful Hudson, bright with many a sail and steamer, flows majesti- 
cally through the mountains toward its ocean home. 

The most conspicuous buildings on the opposite side of the Hudson, 
as we leave Garrison's, are those at — 

40 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

*WEST POINT, Cornwall, Orange County, New York, 51 miles 
from New York, best known as the site of the United States Military 
Academy. Located in the very bosom of the Highlands, West Point 
is their chief attraction, " Its traditions, its relies, its monuments, its 
dead and living heroes, its romantic 'Flirtation Walk,' all make it a 
peculiarly fascinating spot. The vicinity abounds in delightful walks 
and drives, and within easy access are the ruins of several forts. Near 
by, too, is Bloody Pond, which the simple country folk still believe to 
be guarded by the ghosts of Hessian soldiers." Before the commence- 
ment of the present century, Washington suggested this place as well 
adapted for the establishment of such an institution, but no formal 
steps were taken by Congress until 1802. Ten years later, in 1812, the 
school was fairly established, and has ever since continued to increase 
in importance and excellence. Few of the academy buildings can 
be seen from the river, the buildings being situated on an elevated 
plateau, about 180 feet above the river. This plateau is occupied by 
the various barracks, .schools, arsenals, etc., connected with the insti- 
tution, bordering a broad parade open for military evolutions, and 
overlooked by the grand summits of the suzTounding hills. 

There is no institution in the land better calculated to make a favor- 
able impression on the visitor than this academy. The good order and 
strict discipline which prevail, however irksome they may be to the 
cadets, give them a mental and physical training which they never 
forget. The most accomplished officers of the army are detailed as 
instructors, with a special professional staff appointed from civil life. 
Visitors properly introduced maybe present at recitations, and. indeed, 
observe all the elaborate organization that gives this famous military 
school its well-deserved fame. 

The life of a cadet is by no means an easy one. His physique must 
be perfect, and his mental capacity of no mean order, to enable him to 
pass successfully through the four years of study and military training. 
The avei'age number of cadets is about 250. Candidates for admission 
are nominated by members of Congress and by the President, a certain 
number being allotted to each Congressional district. These candidates 
report for examination in June of each year, and, if they are mentally 
and physically qualified, are admitted as cadets, which is, in military 
rank, a grade below second lieutenant. The course of instruction is very 
thorough and complete, especially in mathematics and military tactics. 

41 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

The best time to visit West Point is during the months of July and 
August, when the cadets go into camp. Drills, parades, and guard- 
mountings are the order of the day, all being done in the best nuinner 
known to military science. 

\\'est J^oint was the scene of no actual fighting during the Revolu- 
tion, although it was fortified. A boom similar to that which was 
prepared at Fort Montgomery was stretched across the river to Con- 
stitution Island, which was also heavily fortified toward the latter part 
of the war. and the remains of the old batteries may still be seen. This 
island is now owned by, and is the residence of, Miss Warner, author 
of " The Wide, Wide VV or Id," etc. The West Shore Railway passes 
directly under the West Point parade grounds, through a tunnel begin- 
ning on the south, near the boat landing. 

Three miles higher up the river on the eastern side is — 

COLD SPRING, Philipstown, Putnam Cbunty, New York, 54 
miles from New York, noted for its iron foundry. Here, under the 
superintendence of Major Parrot, were east the celebrated Parrot guns, 
which did such good service in the war of the i-ebellion. On an ele- 
vated plateau near the village is " Underclitf," the country seat of tlie 
late George P. Morris. The mountain imjnediately above Cold Spring 
is Bull Hill, or, to give its more classic name. .NJt. Taurus. It is 1,586 
feet in height. Just aliove this elevation, and separated from it by a 
valley, is Breakneck Hill, 1,187 feet high. 

It is stated that the former of these hills was once the abode of a wild 
bull, which became such a source of dread to the inhabitants that they 
organized a hunt, and drove the animal from his accustomed haunts 
across the valley to the neighboring hill, where he. dashed over the 
rocks and broke his neck. The two hills were named in honor of this 
adventure. Breakneck Hill was formerly distinguished by a huge 
mass of rock bearing a marked resemblance to a human face. This 
singular formation was for many years one of the sights to be looked at 
by every passenger up or down the liver. 

On the west side of the river are Cro' Nest and Butter Hill. The 
former is the one next above West Point. It is 1,418 feet high, and 
separated from Butter Hill by a wild and picturesque valley. The name 
Cro' Nest probably was at first applied to a deep rocky depression 
which exists near the summit, but it is now understood to mean the 
mountain itself. The name will recall Joseph Rodman Drake's beauti- 

42 



NEW YORK (KXTIIAL RAILKOAl). 

fill poem, " Tlic Culprit Fay." the sccno of wliicli is laid anionic lliesc 
lulls. 

The j)reeipice wliieh I'orins the river-faee of Cro' Nest is known as 
Kidd's Plug Cliff. It owes its name to a sinj^fular ])rojeeting mass 
of rock which may be seen near its summit. The neighboring moun- 
tain named Klinkersberg by the Dutch, has of late come to be called 
the Storm King, and as the old name is neither beautiful nor appropri- 
ate, it will soon be forgotten. Its summit is 1,539 feet high. To the 
late N. P. Willis is due the credit of rechristening this grand peak, as 
well as giving appropriate names to other objects of interest in the 
vicinity. 

* CORNWALL, Cornwall, Orange County, New York, 56 miles from 
Ni'w York, a village on the west side of the river in Grange County, is 
a favorite summer resort. The beauty of its situation renders it a 
fashionable resort during the summer, when its many beautiful resi- 
dences are the scene of a constant round of gayety. The entertaining 
of summer visitors has become the characteristic business of the town. 
About 5,000 persons annually make their summer abode in this town, 
and the permanent population has increased within a few years to about 
8,000 souls. The hotels and boarding-houses do not reach the magnifi- 
cent proportions of some of the Saratoga hotels, but are neat and con- 
venient, and, from its nearness to New York and facilities of access, the 
town has reached a grtat popularity for summer residence. 

There are several schools and churches, a savings bank, public 
library, and reading-room in the village. " Idlewild," the former resi- 
dence of N. P. Willis, and where be passed the last fifteen years of his 
life, is on the road leading from Cornwall to Newburgh. It is scarcely 
visible from the river. Several other handsome country seats are scat- 
tered along the west bank of the river. 

.lust at the upper entrance to the Highlands is Pollipel's Island, a 
rocky liit of ground, to which a supernatural origin was ascribed by the 
Indians. In 1777, a clievaux de fn'se. made of logs with pointed iron 
heads, was sunk between the island and the mainland to prevent the 
British ships from ascending the river; but it seems to have proved in- 
effectual. This island and the neighboring hills have from time to time 
been searched for deposits of treasure supposed to have been concealed 
by the almost mythical Captain Kidd. The view down stream from the 
Breakneck Hill is one of the finest on the river, including several of the 

43 



KEW YOKK OEXTRAL RAILROAD. 

grandest peaks of the Higlilands, with the noble river Howing at their 
feet. 

STORM KING is the name of a small way-station, three minutes' 
ride from Cold Sjiring. and five minutes' from — 

DUTCHESS JUNCTION, the connecting point with the New 
York & New England Railroad, running through Connecticut and 
Massachusetts to Boston. 

From liere we are conveyed swiftly along the New York Central & 
Hudson River route to — 

FISHKILL LANDING, better known as Fishkill-on-the-Pludson. 
Fishkill, Dutchess County, New York, 60 miles from New York. 
This thriving place is the ] ort. so to term it, of Fishkill, five miles 
inland. The Matteawan Creek falls into the Hudson at this point. At 
Fislikill this stream furnishes water-power for several mills and factories 
of large size. The situation of the town is extremely romantic, being 
surrounded on all sides by higli and rocky hills, which are full of wild 
and picturesque ravines. Connection is made by feny with — 

*NEWBURGH, Orange County, New York. Gl miles from New 
York. This is one of the largest and most thriving cities on the Hud- 
son, being the seat of several large manufacturing enter[)rises. The 
water-front is lined with warehouses in which considerable business is 
transacted. The city stands on an elevation on the west bank of the 
river, commanding a noble view of the Highlands and of the Matteawan 
Mountains. The eastern terminus of the Newburgii Branch of the Erie 
Railway, whicli joins the main line at Greycourt, nineteen miles west, 
is at Newburgh. This branch delivers over a million tons of coal here 
annually for re-shipment. Newburgh is an important station of the 
New York, West Shore & Buffalo Railway. 

The city rises from the river in a succession of terraces, the first 
plateau being about 130 feet above the water, the second 190 feet, and 
still further west it reaches an elevation of 300 feet above the Hudson. 
Newburgh is famed for its oarsmen and its ice-boats. It has several 
charitable and educational institutions, among wiiich are the New- 
burgh Almshouse, about two miles west of the center of the city, the 
Home for the. Friendless, on Montgomery Street, and the Theological 
Seminary of the Associate Reformed (United Presbyterian) Church. 
This seminary stands on a commanding height, overlooking the city 

44 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

and river. In this institution is a library of over 5,000 volumes, sotno 
of whieli ai'e very rare and valuable. 

The I'ublie Schools are excellent, and are attended by about 5,000 
children. The Public Library is a beautiful building in the central 
part of the city, and contains about 10,000 volumes of well-selected 
books, etc , controlled by the school officers of the city. Newburgh is 
one of the handsomest cities on the Hudson, and is celebrated as the 
residence of a wealthy and cultured class of people, some of whom are 
famous for their literary productions. N. P. Willis, J. T. Headley, 
and other celebrities, had their country seats in or near Newburgh. 

Near a flagstaff standing in the southern part of the town, and dis- 
tinctly visible from the river, is an old stone hou.se now owned and kept 
in order by the State, which was occupied by Washington as his head- 
quarters when the army lay at New Windsor, two miles south. This 
house contains many interesting relics of the Revolutionary W^ar. At 
the foot of the flagstaff before mentioned, the last surviving member 
of Washington's Life Guard was buried in 1856, and a monument, with 
an appropriate inscription, stands over his grave. A short distance 
south of Newburgh is the site of the American camp, where the troops 
suffered so severely from smallpox during the winter of 1783. 

Six minutes' ride from Fishkill Landing is — 

LOW POINT, Fishkill, Dutchess County, New York, 04 miles from 
New York, built just above a short tunnel, and sometimes termed 
Carthage Landing. 

This is a small village on the east bank of the Hudson. Oppo.site, on 
the west bank, is a flat rock, now crowned with cedars, which Hen- 
drick Hudson and his comrades named the Duyvels Dans Kamer. or 
Devil's Dance-chamber, in consequence of an Indian pow-wow which 
they witnessed at night, witii all its hideous accessories of tire and war- 
paint. The rock is still known by this name. 

Not far from Low Point, on the eastern bank, is the village of — 

NEW HAMBURG, Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County. New York. 
66 miles from New York, a pretty little village, standing at the mouth 
of Wappinger's Creek, which falls into the Hudson on the east side. 
This stream is crossed at its mouth by a long trestle bridge, with a 
draw in the middle. Wappinger's Falls is on Wappinger's Creek, two 
miles from New Hamburg village. A ferry plies between New Ham- 

45 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

burg and Hampton, opposite. On the lieights above the landing are 
charming views of the Hudson and its surrounding scenery. 

* MARLBOROUGH, Marlborough, Ulster County, New York, 
66 miles from New York, pleasantly situated on the west bank of the 
Hudson, overlooking the river and the country beyond. Back of the 
village are the Shawangunk Mountains, and intervening is a hilly 
country of great beauty. The West Shore railroad runs along the river 
bank through Marlborough Landing, a mile east of the village. In this 
vicinity a beautiful grove of arbor vitai, or white-cedar trees, will be 
noticed on the west bank above Marlborough, where an entire hillside 
is covered with the delicate, pencil-like forms of this symmetrical and 
graceful tree, giving a very picturesque effect to the scenery of this 
region . 

Looking northward above Marlborough, on the same side of the 
Hudson, can be seen — 

*iyiIIiTON, or BARNEGAT, Marlborough, Dutchess County, 
New York, 71 miles from New York. This village is a mile west of the 
river landing and the West Shore railroad station. A part of it may 
be seen crowning the steep bank which rises from the western shore of 
the i-iver. Large quantities of berries and other fruits are raised in 
this vicinity for the New York market. Just before reaching Pough- 
keepsie, which city may be seen on the bluff beyond, we pass Locust 
Grove, the country seat of the late Professor S. F. B. Morse. It can 
hardly be necessary to remind any one that Professor Morse is the inven- 
tor of the Morse alphabet, which made the electric telegraph, of which 
he was also one of the original discoverers, indispensable to every 
nation of Christendom. 

Eight minutes after leaving New Hamburg, Camelot is passed, 
and within another ten minutes wo reach — 

POUGHKEEPSIE, Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County, New York, 
75 miles from New Y'ork. 

The city of Poughkeepsie is built on a tableland located amid a 
group of hills, at a considerable height, so that its spires and buildings 
may be seen from a long distance up and down the river. "By day 
the smoke of its busy mills and factories somewhat mars the scene, but, 
as night draws on, these light up the river like beacons, and the sound 
of the ponderous machinery and roaring furnaces greets our ears, and 

46 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

tells of the energy of the citizens." The ntame is a corruption of the 
Indian name given to the cove which once existed at the mouth of 
Fall Kill. Poughkeepsie has a population of at least 25,000, contains 
large manufacturing interests, and is noted for its educational institu- 
tions. Two peculiar elevations will be noticed at the river-side, the 
southern of which bears the name of "Call Rock," from the fact thai 
the inhabitants used to hail passing vessels from its summit. 

Poughkeepsie is the shire town of Dutchess County, and contains the 
usual court and jail buildings. Its streets are beautifully shaded, its 
situation is very healthful, and everything combines to make it most 
attractive as a residence. The Vassar Female College, in the eastern 
part of the city, is the largest and most important of the many excel- 
lent educational institutions of Poughkeepsie. The late Matthew Vas- 
sar, a wealthy citizen of Poughkeepsie, founded and endowed this 
extensive college. It is intended for the education of women only, and 
IS the most complete establishment of its kind in the world. 

Besides this noble institution there is a Female Academy, the Col- 
legiate Institute, the Military Institute, Riverview Military Academy, 
Cottage Hill Seminary, Eastman's National Business College. St. Peter's 
Academy, and numerous other establishments for physical advance- 
ment and mental culture. One of the large State asylums for the 
insane is located at Poughkeepsie. 

The place was settled by the Dutch about 1698, and incorporated as 
a city in 1854. The principal object of interest to the antiquary is the 
Van Kleck house, a stone structure with loopholes in its walls. It 
was built in 1705. The State Legislature met in it in 1777 and 1778, 
when the British held New York, and had burned their former meeting 
place at Esopus. There also, the State Convention for the ratification 
of the Federal Constitution met, in 1788. 57 members were present, 
and after a long debate, in which such men as Governor Clinton, John 
Jay and Alexander Hamilton took part, the Constitution was ratified 
by a majority of three. 

The Poughkeepsie bridge is a magnificent iron structure, stretching 
across the Htidson, and forming a connecting-link between New Eng- 
land and the great West. 

Huddlestone, the British spy, was executed here in 1780. Andrew 
Jackson Davis, the " Poughkeepsie Seer," was born here. A steam 
ferry connects with Lloyd or New Paltz Landing opposite. 

47 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

* NEW PALTZ LANDING is opposite Poughkeepsie, and six 
miles above, on the eastern side, we arrive at — 

HYDE PARK, Hyde Park, Dutchess County, New York, 80 
miles from New York, named in lionor of Sir Edward Hyde, one of 
the early British Governors of New York. The village is pleasantly 
situated half a mile east of the river bank, on a beautiful and fertile 
table-land. The bend in the river between rocky bluffs is known to 
river men as "Crom Elbow," a combination of the original Dutch 
name and its English equivalent, "Crooked Elbow." A creek of the 
same name falls into the river. The point on the east shore is " De 
Vroos Point." A light iron footbridge will be noticed crossing a deep 
cutting of the Hudson River Railroul. The house beyond is that 
of Joseph Boorman, first president of the Hudson River Railroad. 
Between Hyde Park and Oak Hill, 30 miles above, there are many exten- 
sive and ancient country seats, some of them antedating the Revolu- 
tion. 

The beauty of the country seems to have attracted men of taste and 
wealth in those days to make their homes along this fertile bluff, and 
in many cases their descendants still occupy the old mansions of their 
fathers, — a state of things so rare in America as to deserve especial 
notice. About a mile above Hyde Park landing is " Placentia," the 
former home of the late James K. Paulding, one of the pioneers of 
American literature, and the friend of Washington Irving. Opposite, 
on the west bank, but scarcely in sight from the river, is the famous 
apple farm of R. L. Pell, Esq. On this farm there are said to be 25,000 
bearing apple-trees. The fruit of these trees is packed with the great- 
est care, and much of it is shipped to Europe. 

The river banks are hereafter low and uninteresting, but an air of 
rich rural peace pervades the country-side, and stately old mansions 
and neat modern villas are seen on either hand. At the next station — 

STAATSBURG, Hyde Park, Dutchess County, New York, 85 
miles from New York, the railroad leaves the river for a short distance, 
striking through a little valley which affords a more direct course. The 
banks of the Hudson running northward now lose the precipitous char- 
acter which has marked them thus far, and slope less abruptly from 
the river. Two miles above Hyde Park, Esopus Island will be 
noticed near the east banks. Just below, on the west side of the river, 

48 







i^ av 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

is the Astor residence. Opposite are two fine estates, the lower 
owned by Dr. Hussaek, and the upper by Mrs. M. Livingston. 

Not far above Staatsburg, on the east side of the river, is the country 
seat known as Wildercliflf. It is by no means so elegant as many of the 
neighboring estates ; but to members of the Methodist Church in 
America it is interesting, as having been built by Freeborn Garrettson, 
the eminent preacher who married a sister of Chancellor Livingston, 
and to whose energy is due much of the prosperity of that branch of 
the Christian Church. The place may be recognized by the broad lawn 
which lies in front of the house. 

Next above this place is EUerslie, the residence of lion. William 
Kelley, long prominent in political life. His estate contains about 6 )0 
acres, much of which is devoted to gardens and ornamental grounds, 
and the rest is highly cultivated as a farm. The quaint stone house on 
a hill near Rhinebeck Landing is the Bcekman house, built prior to 
1700. It served as a church and as a fort during early times, when the 
Indians were hostile and powerful. 

RHINEBECK LANDING, Rhinebeck, Dutchess County, New 
York, 90 miles from New York, is two miles west of the village of 
Rhinebeck, which cannot be seen from the steamer. 

The first settlement was by William Bcekman, who brought several 
German families with him in 1647. Within the limits of the town 
there is an extensive vein of gold-bearing quartz, which yields the pre- 
cious metal in paying quantities. The western terminus of the Hart- 
ford & Connecticut Western Railroad is at Rhine Cliff, on the Hudson, 
close to Rhinebeck station. This railroad forms a direct route between 
Connecticut and Rhode Island and the Catskill Mountains, and other 
points on the Hudson. A steam ferry connects here with — 

* RONDOUT, Kingston, Ulster County, New York, 90 miles from 
New York. Rondout is now a part of the city of Kingston, with 
which it was incorporated in 1878. From it, the Ulster & Delaware 
R. R., which has its terminus here, runs in a northwesterly direction 
into the Catskill Mountain regions. 

It is the point of departure from the Hudson River to the southern 

part of the Catskill range, including the Overlook Mountain. Hudson 

River R. R. passengers land at Rhinebeck, and cross the river by 

Steam ferry to Rondout, thence by rail to the Catskills and Delaware 

4 49 



f-J 




NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

County. The Wallkill Valley R. R. runs southwest from Rondout, 
connecting with Erie R. R. for New York or the West. 

Rondout Creek enters the Hudson from the westward. Its mouth 
is the eastern end of the Delaware & Hudson Canal, which joins the 
creek two and a half miles above. This canal, finished in 1828, extends 
to the vicinity of the Pennsylvania coal-fields ; and every provision is 
made at Rondout for the trans shipment of vast quantities of coal. 

* KINGSTON, the capital of Ulster County, is on Esopus Creek, 
which at that point approaches within about two miles of Rondout, 
and then curves to the northward, entering the Hudson twelve miles 
above. The population of Kingston, including Rondout, is 20,000. It 
is "a bustling, pushing town," having a front of four miles on the 
Hudson. Beautiful scenery abounds in the vicinity, and there are 
many pleasant and romantic drives in the neighboring country. King- 
ston is one of the principal points of departure to the Catskill region 
from the West Shore Railway, which connects with the mountain rail- 
roads. Kingston was settled in 1G14, and was thrice destroyed by 
Indians before a permanent footing was obtained by the Euro[)eans. 

In 1777 the State Ijegislature met and formed a constitution. In 
the autumn of the same year soon after the capture of Forts Mont- 
gomery and Clinton by the British, General Vaughan, with 3,000 
troops, landed at Rondout, marched to Kingston (then Esopus), and 
sacked and burned the town, remaining until he received the news of 
Burgoyne's surrender, when he at once retired to New York, abandon- 
ing all that he had gained. While Esopus (Kingston) wa3 burning, 
the inhabitants fled to Hurley, a neighboring village, where the small 
force of American troops tried and hung a messenger who was caught 
carrying despatches fronj Clinton to Burgoyne. When first caught, 
this man swallowed a silver ball, which an emetic brought again to 
light, and which was found to contain the fatal despatch. 

Six miles above Rhinebeck Landing, on the >Jew York Central &, 
Hudson River Railroad, we arrive at — 

BARRYTOWN, Red Hook, Dutchess County, New York, 96 miles 
from New Y^ork, formerly known as Lower Rod Hook Landing. A 
little above Rhinebeck is the residence of William B. Astor. It may 
be recognized by its tower and pointed roof. This estate is named 
" Rokeby," and is one of the finest on the river. Next above is the 

50 



XEW VOIMC ('KN"rUAI. II A r LKO A I). 

estate known as Montgomery Place, surpassing in beauty, if possible, 
tlie last one mentioned. The house was built by the wife of General 
Montgomery, who fell in the assault on Quebec in 1775. His remains 
are deposited under the monument erected by the Continental Congress 
in 1776, and since built into the wall of St. Paul's church, which fronts 
on Broadway, New York city, where it attracts the attention of all 
observant strangers who pass. Mrs. Montgomery was a sister of 
Chancellor Livingston, and Montgomery Place still remains in the 
Livingston family ; her brother, Edward Livingston, succeeded her in 
the ownership of the phice, and his family still occupies it. 

Near the eastern shore, two miles above Barrytown, is Cruger's 
Island, a spot made beautiful by nature and art. In a grove near the 
southern end stands a ruin which was imported from Italy by the 
foruier proprietor of the island. Its broken arches may be seen among 
tlie trees as the boat passes, forming a singular contrast with the mod- 
ern architecture of the neighboring house. The latter, however, is not 
in sight from the boat at the same time with the ruin. A glimpse of 
it may be caught in passing, a short distance above. 

Within ten minutes from the time we leave Barrytown, we find our- 
selves alongside the platform at — 

TrVOLI, Red Hook. Dutchess County, New York, 100 miles from 
New York. There is a village of growing importance surrounding the 
railway station. It is connected with Saugerties on the west bank of 
the river by a steam ferry. It is one of the stations at which passen- 
gers leave the railroad trains who desire to go to the famous Overlook 
Mountain House — one of the finest mountain hotels in the Catskills. 

Near the village is an old mansion, now owned by Col. De Peyster, 
which was built before the Revolution by one of the Livingston family. 
The British, on their way to burn Claremont, a little above, in 1777, 
stopped here under the impression that this was the house to be de- 
stroyed. The proprietor, however, aided by his well-stocked wine- 
cellar, convinced them of their mistake, and they left him unmolested. 

* SAUGERTIES, Saugerties, Ulster County, New York, 101 miles 
from New York, is an important village of about 4,000 inhabitants, 
on the New York. West Shore & Buffalo Railroad. The village is 
about one mile from the steamboat landing, with which it is connected 
by stages that meet all passenger boats and trains. Saugerties is near 

51 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

the mouth of Esopus Creek, which is navigable to tiie village. There 
are extensive iron works and paper mills at this place, and large quan- 
tities of flagging-stone are quarried in the vicinity. The Bigelow Blue 
Stone Co. employ in their various quarries in Ulster County 3,500 men, 
and quarry 200,000 tons of stone annually. " Plattekill Clove," which 
lies back of this place, in the mountains, is a remarkably wild and 
rugged chasm, affording scenery of varied grandeur and beauty. A 
road winds tlirough this gorge, up to the Catskill Mountain House 
region beyond. 

* MALDEN, a small village on the same side, with Plattekill Clove 
on the west. The Bigelow Blue Stone Company's works are carried on 
here; several thousand men and a considerable fleet of vessels being 
employed. Higher up the Hudson, on the east, our train reaches — 

GERMANTOWN, Germantown, Columbia County, New York, 105 
miles from Mew York. This village was settled in 1710 by German 
emigrants, under the patronage of Queen Anne, who caused land to 
be purchased from Robert Livingston for them. 

The view of the Catskill Mountains is here very fine. The entire 
range can be seen. Germantown is not directly upon the river bank, 
and cannot be seen from the river. The large white building on a hill 
near the landing is the "Riverside Seminary," established by Philip 
Rockafellow. 

A few miles above Germantown is the mouth of Roeleff Jansen 
Kill, where the original Livingston Manor House stood. Robert R. 
Livingston, Chancellor of New York, built an elegant house a little 
south of the old one, where his mother continued to reside. Chancellor 
Livingston's active sympathy with the cause of the Republic during 
the Revolution made him so obnoxious to the British, that when Gen- 
eral Vaughan burned Esopus he sent an expedition up the river to burn 
Claremont — the name of the Livingston estate. They burned both 
the houses, but new and more elegant ones were at once erected near 
the ruins, and Claremont is still one of the finest country-seats on the 
rivei'. 

Chancellor Livingston's name will always be associated with that of 
Robert Fulton. The experiments of Fulton would probably have been 
delayed for years had it not been for the generous aid of Chancellor 
Livingston. After a series of discouraging failures in Pai'is and New 

52 



/^^p!':4--- <- 




<;M>^~'tLti>- -..«>"<iii^^ 



CATSKILL MOUNTAIN HOUSE. 



N"EW VOUK TEXTRAL RAILROAD. 

York, their offorts woi-e crowned with success, and in September, 1807, 
the " Claremont ' made her first trip from New Yorii to Albtuiy, bear- 
ing Fulton, the Chancellor, and others. 
A short distance northwai'd we pass — 

LINLITHGO, a small way station, and the last before we arrive at — 

CATSKILL STATION, Greenport, Columbia County, New York, 
111 miles from New York. A steam ferry runs from a point near the 
station to — 

*OATSKILL, Catskill, Greene County. New York, 111 miles from 
New York. Catskill Landing is at the end of a long causeway reach- 
ing across the shallows, on the western shore. But little of the town 
can be seen from the river. Cats Kiil enters the Hudson near by, 
winding through rocky bluffs, with a deep channel which is navigable 
for large vessels a mile from its mouth. Tiio Catskill Mountain Rail- 
road runs from Catskill to Palenville, at the foot of the mountains. 
Passengers for Mountain, Kaaterskill, and Liurel Houses take this rail- 
road at the landing. The West Shore Railway crosses Catskill Creek 
on a high bridge in the western part of the village. 

It also connects with the Catskill Mountain railroad. The Prospect 
Park Hotel, on the high bluff overlooking the river and village, is the 
leading resort hotel of the town, and its commanding position and 
excellent management have made it a popular sunnner resort. From 
the Prospect Park Hotel the views of the mountains on either side of 
the river are really sublime, and the combination of mountain, river, and 
intervale scenery is marvelously beautiful and charming. The rapidly- 
passing commerce of the Hudson adds a panoramic effect, enlivening 
the scene and delighting the spectator with ever- varying views. The 
I'rospect I'ark Hotel opens about the middle of June for the season. 
The Irving House is a new, commodious hotel, in the center of the vil- 
lage of Catskill, affording veiy good accommodations for very moderate 
prices It is kept open throughout the year. 

Hendrick Hudson anchored the " Half-Moon " at the mouth of Cats 
Kill, on the 20tli of September, 1609, and was visited by large numbers 
of friendly Indians, who brought provisions of all sorts, in return for 
which, as is stated by Juet, the historian of Hudson's voyage, some of 
them were made drunk. Thomas Cole, one of the pioneers of Ameri- 
can Landscape Art, liad his studio in this vicinity, whei-e he could 

58 



-«f>S- J^ 




CASCADE IN PLATTEKILL CLOVE. 



NEW YORK OKKTRAL ItAlLliOAD. 

study nature in her most beautiful forms. Here lie painted the cele- 
brated allegorical series of {lictures known as '• The Voyage of Life." 
Church, the great landscape painter, has a beautiful country-seat on the 
summit on the east side of the Hudson, opposite Catskill. It commands 
some of the sublimcst river views. 

On a sort of terrace, twenty-two hundred feet above the river, about 
13 miles back from it, and near the edge of an abrupt precipice, is built 
the " Mountain House," a spacious building, which is distinctly visible 
for a considerable distance along the river. The coolness and exhilarat- 
ing quality of the air, the grandeur of the view, and the comfortable 
accommodations of the hotel, attract numerous visitors in the summer 

The mountain rises behind the hotel to a height of thirty-eight hun 
dred feet above the river. One of the many attractions in the vicinity 
is the Catskill Falls. Kaaterskill Creek, a branch of Catskill Creek, 
starting high up in the mountain, as an outlet for two ponds, here 
dashes over two perpendicular precipices, one a hundred and the other 
eighty feet in height, and, passing through a precipitous and romantic 
ravine, called '"The Clove," reaches the lower valley of the Hudson. 

54 



\ 




)lIMMEf^* 
frsms 

CK ^7 



NEW \()MK ('i:\Il;. M, l;.\ I MtOA 1). 



THE CATSKILI.S. 

The Cfitskill Mountains have pmliably been seen and admired, if 
not visited, by more travelers than any other mountain group on the 
An:erican continent. Approaching within ten miles of a great natural 
highway, they have, since the earliest days of the settlement of 
the country, commanded the attention of all voyagers on the Hudson 
l\iver, and, since the enormous increase of travel induced by modern 
multiplication of railroads and steamboats, they are annually seen bv 
millions and visited by thousands. 

Moreover, they have been celebrated in song and story, and one of 
the most popular and successful actors of our time has made Irving's 
character of Kip Van Winkle, with the mountain region where he lived 
and slept, familiar to the English-speaking world. The group of sum- 
mits known under this name lies within the counties of Greene, Ulster, 
and Delaware, in New York. They are a part of the great mountain 
system which follows the Atlantic seaboard from the Arctic regions 
almost to the Gulf of Mexico, and known at different parts of its 
course as the White Mountains, the (Jreen Mountains, the Blue Ridge. 

In ascending the Hudson, the first jioint of divergence for mountain 
travel is Rondout (city of Kingston). Here is the terminus of the 
Ulster & Delaware Railroad, following up the valley of the Esopus, 
which skirts and jjenetrates the southern and western poilion of the 
mountains. The opening of this road rendered access to this portion of 
the mountains so easy, that numerous and excellent hotels have been 
built in localities which the traveler could formerly reach only by a 
long and tedious stage route. 

The track rises by a steep gradient 184 feet above the river, and almost 
immediately comes in sight of Overlook Mountain. In the nine miles 
which are passed before reaching West Hurley, the train climbs 530 
feet above the river. Before reaching the station, the Overlook Moun- 
tain House may be seen perched upon the shoulder of the mountain, 
and seeming much nearer than the railway will seem when viewed from 
above. The profile of the range is exceedingly fine from this point of 
view, and there are many who derive more enjoyment from looking at 
a mountain range than in looking froin it. The stage road tends in 

55 



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.vsvllle 'il^'High\voods\'" - ^?'i^ 



Olive Br. 
Brook's 




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"rhine^eck I 



NEW YORK fENTRAL RAILROAD. 

a northerly direction after leaving the station, leaves the outlying' 
range with its three summits, Tonclie Hook, Ticetenyck, and Little 
Tonche on the left, and soon begins the long ascent of Overlook 
Mountain. 

The hotel stands on a plateau 3,000 feet above tidewater, and a little 
below the highest point of the mountain, and commands views toward 
all points of the compass ; that toward the south embracing a large 
portion of the Hudson Valley, and those in other directions command- 
ing mountain and valley scenery in great variety and picturesqueness. 
In Plattkill Clove, three miles north of the hotel, is a succession of 
waterfalls, and in every direction there are charming walks to many 
points of interest. From 

WEST HURLEY the railroad follows a westerly course, passing 
Brodhead's Bridge, where there are fine falls on the Esopus. and an 
attractive view from the bluffs above the creek. 

SHOKAN is picturesquely situated at a mountain gateway through 
which the Esopus rushes in rapids. High Point Mountain, 3,100 
feet high, is seen to the southward. Tlie valley here takes a more 
northerly course, and on the west side of the track is seen a group of 
fine summits. The northernmost is the Wittenberg, and the next Mt. 
Cornell. The walk to the summit of these peaks is a favorite one with 
mountain climbers. At — 

BOICEVIIiLE the road reaches an elevation of 615 feet above 
tidewater. 

MT. PLEASANT, 24 miles from Rondout, and 700 feet above the 
river, is the opening of the Shandaken Valley, a mountain depression 
full of the most enchanting natural scenery. 

PHCENICIA, 27 miles from Rondout, and nearly 800 feet above the 
Hudson, is a place of considerable i-csort, and the point of departure 
for Hunter and Tannersville, through Stony Clove, a remarkable ravine, 
where it is said snow and ice can be found the year through. 

Tremper House is at the entrance to Stony Clove. It is on a terrace 
300 feet broad and 1,500 long, and almost between Slide Mountain and 
Hunter Mountain, two of the highest peaks of the Catskills. The hotel 
will accommodate 200 guests. A carriage road ascends to the summit 
of Mt. Tremper, affording a superb view of Shandaken Valley, the 

56 



NEW YOKK CENTRAL RAILROAD, 

Lake Molionk Gap, Wittenberg?, Cross Mountain, and an assciuljly of 
mountains, too- many for enumeration here. At — 

FOX HOLLOW the elevation is 99;) feet. Before reacliin|r tlie 
station a bridge is crossed at the entrance of Woodland Valley, (^n the 
northern side of the road are Mts. Sheridan and North Dome. 

SHANDAREN is 3:5 miles from the river, and 1,000 feet al)ove it. 
Here passengers for West Kill, Lexington, and Jewett Heights leave 
the cars and take stages for their destinations. 

BIG INDIAN (36 miles) is 1,202 feet above the river. A bridge 
here crosses the Esopus, from which a fine view is obtained up Big 
Indian Valley. This station is nearest to Slide Mountain, and from it 
parties usually start for the ascent of that peak. Carriages can go 
without especial difficulty within live miles of the summit, and here 
parties can remain overnight. Dutchers is the name of the place. 
The view from Slide Mountain is one of the finest in the Catskills. 

PINE HILL, 1,660 feet above the sea, is 39 miles from Rondout. 
Half a mile from Pine Hill station is the Guigou House. After passing 
over the Grand Horseshoe Curve the train reaches — 

GRAND HOTEL STATION, 1,889 feet above the Hudson River 
at Rondout, which is the highest point on the Ulster & Delaware R. R. 

The new Grand Hotel stands on Summit Mountain, about one eighth 
of a mile from the station, and 2,500 feet above the level of the sea. It 
is in a remarkably picturesque and healthy part of the mountains, and 
commands a view of marvelous beauty and grandeur. Summit Moun- 
la'n is in the center of a group of peaks made celebrated by artists, 
writers, and historic associations. Around it are the Panther Mountain, 
4,000 feet high ; the Belle Air Table and Slide Mountain, 4,220 feet 
high, the highest mountain in the Catskills, and whose crest pierces the 
clouds. It has a frontage of 650 feet, with piazzas along the front of 
the main buildings. 

Parlor cars run on the West Shore Raih-oad direct to the Grand 
Hotel station. 

("atskill Mountain House is reached by the Ulster «& Delaware Rail- 
road to Kaaterskill station, thence by stage one mile ; or by the Cat- 
skill Mountain Railway from Catskill to Mountain House station, thence 
up the mountain by stage ; or by carriage all the way from Catskill. 

57 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

The Laurel House commands magnificent views down the famous 
Kaaterskill Clove. The hotel has recently been greatly enlarged and 
improved by the introduction of modern improvements. Piazzas com- 
manding the grandest views of mountiin scenery surround the house. 
The famous Kaaterskill Palls and Clove, and many other of the most 
charming attractions of the Catskills are near the Laurel House. 
The groat beauty of this locality is so well known that a description is 
unnecessary. To the lovers of quiet, its secluded walks afford delight- 
ful retreats ; while the drives in the vicinity — especially through the 
Cloves— are remarkably beautiful. There is also good trout-fishing in 
the neighborhood. The Laurel House is reached by stages and car- 
riages from Mountain House Station of the Catskill Mountain R. R. 
from Catskill. Carriages, and an authorized agent, are also in attend- 
ance at the car.s ami boats at Catskill. 

PALENVILLE is at the lower entrance of Kaaterskill Clove. It is 
10 miles by railroad from Catskill village, 3 miles below the falls, and 
has a number of excellent hotels and boarding-houses. 

TANNERSVILLE is 15 miles from Catskill Village, high up in 
the Kaaterskill Clove, on the way to Hunter. It is surrounded on all 
sides by towering summits and wild ravines. The Stony Clove Railroad 
runs from Phccnicia to Tannersville Junction and Hunter through the 
famous Stony Clove. A branch runs to Hotel Kaaterskill, which stands 
on the summit of Kaaterskill Mountain, 3,000 feet above the sea, com- 
manding the most extensive view of any hotel in the Catskill Moun- 
tains. The view embraces 60 miles of the Hudson River and valley, 
High Peak and Round Top mountains, Kaaterskill Clove, Sunset Rock, 
and many other noted and interesting objects. The mountain drives 
are numerous and particularly charming. Hotel Kaaterskill is reached 
by the Ulster & Delaware Railroad from Rondout, N. Y., on the Hud- 
son River, to Phoenicia and the Stony Clove Railroad to Tannersville 
Junction, thence live miles by Kaaterskill Railroad to Hotel Kaaterskill. 

HUNTER, 1,600 feet above the Hudson River, is about 4 miles 
west of Tannersville, and, while it is a village of a somewhat more 
prominent character, possesses, in the main, similar natural advan- 
tages. The Hunter House, Breeze Lawn Hotel, Central House, Villa 
Du Bois, and Ripley House are among the most prominent abiding- 
places for summer visitors. 

58 







Cauterskill Falls, Catskill Mountains, 
Near Lanrpl House J. L. Schntt, Proprietor. 



XEW YORK CENTKAL liAlLKOAI). 

LEXINGTON is 9 miles from Hunter, and 10 miles from railway 
connections on the Ulster & Delaware Railroad. The O'Hara House 
and the Douglass House will be found comfortable stopping-places. 

WEST KILL, 4 miles from Lexington, is near Deep Hollow Gorge, 
in some parts of which the sun never shines. 

CAIRO is 10 miles from Catskill, near Round Top Mountain, and 
facing the Hudson Valley. Merritt's Grand View House and the 
Webster House are among the principal hotels. The surroundings are 
highly jiicturesque and attractive. 

FREEHOLD is a resort of considerable popularity. It is reached 
by stage from Catskill or Athens, and commands a very fine view of 
the mountain range, — Black Head, 3,965 feet high, being the nearest 
and most conspicuous. 

ACRA is on the road from Catskill northward. Mott's Sunside 
Farm is one of the resorts of the vicinity. 

EAST WINDHAM is reached by a good road from Catskill. 
Lamoreau's Sununit House is the principal hotel. From here it is 
said that the Adirondacks and White Mountains can at times be seen. 

WINDHAM, a delightful village 25 miles from Catskill, is beauti- 
fully situated, amid lovely mountain scenery. Reasonably good roads 
lead in all directions. The Windham Hous;.' is one mile from the 
village. 

JEWETT HEIGHTS is a small village in full sight of the Catskill 
range, and commanding a wide view of the Hudson. The Jewett 
Height Hou.se is available for boarders. 

PRATTSVILLE is situated on Schoharie Hill, with well-shaded 
streets and the purest of mountain air. There is a daily line of stages 
from Catskill and from Strattou's Falls on the Ulster & Delaware 
Railroad. The village contains several excellent hotels and boarding- 
houses. 

59 



NKW VUKK CENTTRAL RAlI-UoAD. 

The New York Central & Iliuli^on River route contimies on the 
eastern shore of the Hudson River. 

HUDSON, Hudson City, Columbia County, New York, 115 miles 
from New York. Tlie eity of Huilson, incorporated in 1785, is the 
capital of Columbia County, and occupies a site of great beauty, being 
built upon a promontory jutting into the Hudson River, and com- 
manding the most extensive and charming views in every direction. 
L'|x)n the summit of the bluff overlooking the river, a public square 
and a broad street or promenade have been laid out, and ornamented 
with trees and shrubbery. Fine views are afforded of the city, the river, 
and the country on the opposite shore, with the Catskill Mountains 
in the background. The city extends up the slope of Prospect Hill, 
which rises to a height of 200 feet. The elevation just below Hudson 
landing is Mount Merino. It is cultivated over almost its whole surface 
ot 600 acres. Hudson, being at the head of ship navigation, was of 
great importance in the early commerce of the river, and it i-apidly 
grew to be a place of considerable size and wealth. Population, 15,000. 
Considerable business is now done in the manufacture of iron, and 
the export of agricultural staples. The Claverack Creek, a romantic 
stream, is a little east of Hudson, and, running northward, joins other 
streams, forming Colurabiaville Creek. 

The Hudson & Chatham Railway, leased by the Boston & Albany 
R.K. Co., has its western terminus here, and connects at Chatham with 
t he Boston & Albany and the Harlem railways. 

The sect known as '"Shakers," made so conspicuous a few years ago 
by Hepworth Dixon in his *' New America," maybe seen at their head- 
quarters, a few miles from Hudson. Tourists wishing to visit them 
can take a train from Hudson to Chatham, thence, by the Boston & 
Albany line, direct to the village in which these peculiar people live. 
Those who have visited Mount Lebanon declare that the settlement of 
the Shakers is well worthy of inspection. Strangers are always well 
received, and invariably receive courteous and hospitable treatment. 

The "quaint old village" of Claverack, in Columbia County, is 
located four miles inland from Hudson. Descendants of the Muhlers, 
Cstranders, and Van Rensselaers reside at Claverack, in the houses 
occupied by their forefathers. There is a " Spook Rock " in the neigh- 
borhood, which is said to turn in its bed when the bell of an adjacent 
schoolhouse rings. Directly opposite Hudson is the village of— 

60 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

* ATHENS, Athens, Greene County. New York, 115 miles from New 
York. This village was originally fixed upon as the eastern terminus of 
the Erie Canal, but the project was abandoned. The inhabitants are 
largely engaged in shipbuilding and brickmaking. The West Shore 
Railroad runs through West Athens, one mile west of Athens, with which 
it connects by stage. A ferry connects Athens with Hudson. Above 
Athens and Hudson, on the east side of the river, is Koger's Island, 
behind which the shipping of New York merchants was concealed dur- 
ing the Revolutionary War. At that time the island was densely 
wooded, and formed an effectual screen. 

STOCKPORT, Stockport, Columbia County, New York, 119 miles 
from New Y''ork. Columbiaville is the name of the village at the station. 
It is in the township of Stockport, at the mouth of Kinderhook River. 
Five miles up this river is Lindenwald, in Kinderhook township, the for- 
mer residence of Martin Yan Buren. The Columbia Sulphur Springs near 
Stottsville have a fine hotel and bathing-houses, and have become 
quite a popular place of resort for invalids and others. 

The next place of interest, north of Athens, on the eastern bank, is — 
COXSACEIE STATION, Stuyvesant, Columbia County, New 
York, 123 miles from New York, formerly called Kinderhook Station, 
which is connected by ferry with — 

* COXSACKIEi LANDING, Coxsaekie, Greene County, New York, 
123 miles from New York. This village is on the west side of the 
river, and is a station of the West Shore Railway. Its name is derived 
from an Indian word signifying "cut banks." The chief occupations 
of the inhabitants are shipbuilding, farming, and shad-fishing. The 
headland nearly opposite is Newtown Hook. 

STUYVESANT, Stuyvesant, Columbia County, New York, 125 
miles from New York, possesses a foundry and flou ring-mill. At 
Stuyvesant Falls, on Kinderhook River, in the south-east part of the 
township, there are several cotton and woolen mills, and other manufac- 
tories. The landing-place or station is five miles from the ancient Dutch 
inland hamlet of Kinderhook — a Dutch word meaning " Children's 
Point," and said to have been given by Hendrick Hudson on seeing 
crowds of Indian children watching him from the banks. Martin Van 
Buren. eighth President of the United States, was born at Kinderhook 

in 1782. 

61 



XEU' YORK CEiVTRAL RAILROAD. 

* NEW BALTIMORE, Now Baltimore, An)any County. New 
York, 127 miles Iroiii New York, is opposite the middle of Sehodack 
Island, which is three miles long. The chief business of this place is 
shipbuilding-. There arc several yards with complete sets of ways, etc. 
Schooners, sloops, aTid bai-ges are the craft which are built. The West 
Shore Railroad runs through tlie village. 

Here begin the (ilovernment dikes. As early as 1790 State appro- 
priations were made for the purpose of improving the channel, but 
all efforts were unavailing until the present system of dikes was 
commenced. Mr. A. Van Santvoord and others caused the subject to 
be brought before the State Legislature, and work was begun in 1863. 
In 1868 the United States Government assumed the work of completing 
the dikes. They now extend several miles along the river, effectually 
accomplishing the purpose for which they were intended. * 

Near this point may be seen Beeren, or Bear Island — meeting-point 
of the four counties of Albany, Rensselaer, Columbia, and Greene — 
site of the "Castle of Renssclaerstein," from whose wall Nicholas 
Kroon, the agent of Killian Van Rensselaer, the Patroon, compelled 
passing vessels to dip their colors and pay tribute, or take the chances 
of being sunk by the ordnance of tlie fort. 

SOHODAC, Schodac, Rensselaer County, New York, 133 miles 
from New York. A small village on the east bank of the river. Good 
farming lands lie along the river, and the surrounding region is a pleas- 
ant rolling country. The name is from Is-cho-da, a "fire-plain." 
Schodac was the council-ground of the Mohegans. Here their great 
Sachem Aepgin sold his dominions on the east bank of the Hudson to 
Killian Van Rensselaer in 1680. " The Mohegans originally occupied 
the east bank of the Hudson from Germantown to its head waters, and 
the west bank from Cohoes to Catskill. They suffered from the attacks 
of the Mohawks and the early encroachments of the Dutch, and moved 
east into Massachusetts, and afterwards west to Wisconsin." 

* COEYMAN'S, Coeyman's, Albany County, New York, 132 miles 
from New York, on the west bank of the river. Its name (pronounced 
Que-mans) is that of one of its early settlers. The mountains seen to 
the westward are the Helderbergs. Coeyman's is the junction of the 
Albany Branch with the main line of the New York, West Shore & 
Buffalo Railway. The main line diverges northwestward to central 
New York and Buffalo. 

62 



yi^W YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

OASTLETON, Schodac, Rensselaer County, New York, 135 miles 
from New York, is a small and compact village, built upon a steep 
hillside on the eastern bank of the river, which at this point passes 
through meadow lands and is quite shallow. To navigators, the Hud- 
s;)n at Castleton was formerly known as the "Overslaugh." Many 
attempts have been made to deepen the channel, but without perma- 
nent success. This sand-bar, as it is termed, has proved fatal to more 
steamboats and other vessels than any known place on the continent. 
Nine miles north of Castleton, on the east bank, is — 
EAST ALBANY, Greenbush, Rensselaer County, New York, 144 
miles from New York, connected with Albany by two fine railroad 
bridges. This is the point of separation for those traveling still 
further north, and those westward bound, the former continuing on to 
Troy and other northern points, while the latter are borne across one 
or other of the stupendous bridges that span the Hudson and form a 
connecting link between East Albany and the State Capital. 

63 




KENMORE HOTEL Albany. N. Y. 

Located on North Pearl Street, convenient to Capitol, Depots, Boat Landings, and Post Office. 

Elevator, steam heat, and all modern appliances for elegance and comfort. Now under the 

proprietorship of H. J. Rockwell, also of the well-known Wayside Hotel, Lake Luzerne, N.Y. 

F. W. ROCKWELL, Manager. H. J. ROCKWELL, Proprietor. 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

ALBAl^Y. 

Albany County, New York. 144 m. fr. New York. Pop. 90,758. 
Hotels : Delavan, Kenmore, Brunswick, and American. 

This city, the capital of the State of New York, and eastern termi- 
nus of the New Yorli Central and Hudson River Railroad, lies on the 
west bank of the Hudson River, near the middle of the county, in 
the midst of a fertile and well-cultivated section, and embraces a strij) 
of land about one and a half miles wide, extending thirteen and a 
half miles in a northwest direction, to the northern boundary of the 
county. Before incorporation it was known under the names of "Bev- 
erwyck," "William Stadt,"and "New Orange." The seat of the State 
Government, originally fixed at New Y'ork city, v.as removed to this 
place in 1798. After Jamestown, Va., and St. Augustine, Fhi., 
Albany is the oldest town in the Union, having been founded by the 
Dutch in 16'3o. It was called Albany in 1G(34, in honor of the Duke 
of York and Albany. The early growth of the city was exceedingly 
slow ; its population numbering less than 10,000 at the end of a cen- 
tury from its incorporation, which was in 1G86. In 1714, when a cen- 
tury old, it contained only 3.329 inhabitants, nearly 500 of whom 
were slaves. Steam navigation, originated by Fulton on the Hudson 
in 1807, and the completion (jf the Erie Canal in 1825, each gave pov,'- 
erful impulses to its growth, and in less than half ;'. century it added 
more than 50,000 to its population. 

The whole city, comprised within the limits of Pearl, Steuben, and 
Beaver Streets in 1G76, was surrounded by wooden walls, with open- 
ings for musketry. There were six gates to the city, and the main- 
tenance of these fragile defenses was the source of unceasing conten- 
tion between the authorities and the inhabitants. A portion of these 
walls were remaining so late as 1813. They were thirteen feet va 
height, and made of timber about a foot square. The city has many 
handsome avenues, and the walks and drives about the city are 
beautiful. A walk of half a mile from the city brings to view the 
verdure-clad mountains of Vermont and the towering Catskills. 

The first railroad in the State of New York, and the second in the 
United States, was opened from Albany to Schenectady in ls31. 
The commerce of Albany is considerable. Besides the great natural 
means of communication which the river affords, in Day Line and 

64 



XEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

People's Lino of steamers, the city is connected with New York by 
three lines of railroad, the Hudson River, the Harlem, and the West 
Shore. The New York Central and West Shore Railroads and the 
Erie Canal connect it with the Great Lakes. It communicates with 
Northern New Y'ork. Vermont, and Canada by the Delaware and 
Hudson Canal Co.'s Eailroad, and by the way of Troy by the Troy 
and Boston Railway, and by the Champlain Canal. By the Boston 
and Albany Railway it communicates with the New England States, 
and by the Albany and Susquehanna division of the Delaware and 
Hudson Canal Co.'s R. R. with Binghamton on the Erie Railway, and 
the coal regions of Pennsylvania. 

The two railroad drawbridges across the Hudson are each over 
4,000 feet in length, one at the northern part of the city, now used 
entirely for freight trains, and the magnificent new iron bridge at the 
central part of the city, at the west end of which is the jjassenger 
depot for the city of Albany, and ct the east end is the station for 
East Albany. The bridge cost nearly $2,000,C00. 

The manufactures are extensive and varied. Its numerous stove 
foundries and breweries are on an immense scale. Seventy thousand 
barrels of ale are made annually at one brewery. The workshops of 
the N. Y. C. & H. R. Railroad, at West Albany, give employment to 
more than two thousand persons. Its other manufactures are varied 
and extensive. The sales of barley amount to more than 2,000.000 
bushels per annum, most of which is consumed by the brewers. Lum- 
ber is another very important article of trade. Albany is also one of 
the leading cattle marts of the country. The markets at Bull's Head, 
in New Y^ork, and at Brighton, near Boston, receive many of their 
supplies from here. 

The State buildings include the new Capitol, a magnificent struc- 
ture at the head of State Street, State Hall, State Library, Geological 
and Agricultural Hall, Normal School, and State Arsenal and Ar- 
mory. The City Hall is an elegant structure, faced with Sing Sing 
marble, and surmounted by a gilded dome. The new post-office is 
located on Broadway, at the foot of State Street, and in architectural 
beauty is one of the finest post-offices in the State. The Albany 
County Almshouse is the magnificent brick building observed on the 
west bank of the Hudson just before reaching Albany. The Peniten- 
tiary is in the west part of the city. 

65 



NEW YORK CKNTKAL UAILROAD. 

Besides Public Schools, the Educational Institutions arc the 
Albany Academy, Albany Female A(!adcmy, Albany Female Semi- 
nary, Albany Institute, and the Albany Industrial School. The 
public schools afford instruction to 35,000 children of both sexes, and 
are conducted at an animal expense of $100,000. There are two 
Christian Associations, Protestant and Catholic, the former being 
the oldest institution of tlie kind in tlie United States. The Dudley 
Observatory, on an eminence in the northern border of the city, was 
incorporated April 3. 1853; it was founded through tlie munificence 
of Mrs, Blandina Dudley, who gave $90,000 for its construction and 
endowment. Tiie building, constructed in the form of a cross, is 
admirably arranged, and is furnished with some of the largest and 
finest instruments ever constructed. It has an extensive library 
attached. 

The Albany Medical College and the Law School of the University 
of Albany are on Eagle Street, and have all the facilities for teaching 
the respective sciences. The Albany Almshouse, Insane Asylum, 
and a Fever Hospital are located upon a farm of 116 acres, one and 
a half miles southwest of the city, and are under the management of 
the city authorities. The Industrial School building is located on 
the same farm. The Albany City Hospital, on Eagle Street, was 
incorporated in 1849. The Albany Orphan Asylum, on Washington 
Street, at the junction of the Western Turnpike, was incorporated in 
1831 ; it was erected, as was the City Hospital, by private subscrip- 
tion ; it is now aided by State funds. The St. Yincent Orphan 
Asylum, incorporated in 1849, is under the charge of the Sisters of 
Mercy. The male department, two miles west of the Capitol, is 
under the charge of the Christian Brothers. 

The first church (Ref. Prot. D. ) was formed in 1640. A Lutheran 
Church existed in 1680. The first Protestant Episcopal Church (St. 
Peter's) was erected in 1715; it stood in the center of State Street, 
opposite Chapel Street. The communion plate of this church was 
presented to the Onondagas by Queen Anne. The most costly edi- 
fices are the Catholic Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, corner 
of Eagle and Lydius Streets, and the St. Joseph's (R. C.) Church. 

Water is supplied to the city from Rensselaer Lake, about five 
miles west of the City Hall, and 335 feet above the level of the water 
of the Hudson. This lake covers thirty-nine acres, and its capacity 

66 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

is 180,000,000 gallons. A brick conduit conveys the water to Bleecker 
Reservoir, on Patroon Street, whence it is distributed througli the 
city. This reservoir has a capacity of 30,000,000 gallons. The cost 
of the construction of these works was upwards of $1,000,000. 

The Delavan House, on Jiroadway, adjoining the New York Cen- 
tral and Hudson liiver li. R. Depot, is one of the finest hotels in 
the country. It has long been celebrated for its excellent cuisine 




and fine furnishings. It is kept by T. Roessle, and it? management 
is A'eiy efiicient and remarkably popular. 

The Hotel Kenmore is a new house, kept by H. J. Rockwell, and 
is situated on North Pearl Street, two blocks from the N. Y. Cen- 
tral R. R. Depot, and a short distance from the Capitol. It is fitted 
up in inodern style, with elevator, hot and cold running water, and 
steam heaters ; telephone connected with the office in each room. It 
i? strictly first class in all respects. 

North of the city is the Albany Rural Cemetery, one of the 
most beautiful rural cemeteries in the country, abounding in roman- 
tic dells, shaded ravines, cascades, miniature lakes, rustic bridges 
over f jrest streams, etc. It is a place of rare picturesque beauty. 

67 




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NEW YOEK CENTRAL RAILROaD. 

TROY. 

Rensselaer Co., N. T., 150 to. fr. New York. Pop., 56,747. 
Hotels : Troy House, American, and Mansion House. 

The capital of Rensselaer County is situated at the head of navi- 
gation on the Hudson River, and famous for its manufactures. 

It is principally located upon an alluvial fiat, tliree-fourths of a 
mile wide, between the Htidson River and the high bluffs which 
bound it on the east. The bluff directly east of the city is known as 
Mount Ida, and that on the northeast as Mount Olympus. Mount 
Ida is principally composed of clay, and has been the scene of several 
destructive landslides. 

Poesten Kill and Wynant's Kill, breaking througli these hills in 
narrow ravines, form a series of cascades which afford an excellent 
water-power. The city charter was granted April 12, 181fi. A terri- 
ble fVre in 18G2 destroyed forty acres of its dwellings. The total 
property destroyed amounted to more than $3,000,000, one half of 
which was covered by insurance. 

The city contains a very handsome court-house of Sing-Sing marble, 
wide and well-paved streets, planted with shade-trees, extensive 
water-works, gas-works, and other improvements nsual in a prosper- 
ous modern city. The Troy water-works were built by the city in 
183.-5-1834, and have since been extended. The water is drawn from 
the Piscawin Creek, and the reservoir is sufficiently high to raise it to 
the tops of most of the houses. 

There are twenty-two factories operated by water-power, a part of 
which is afforded by a dam thrown across the Hudson, which also rend- 
ers the river above navigable for canal-boats. Numerous iron-foun- 
dries and machine-shops afford employment to large numbers of the 
inhabitants. Some of these are of great magnitude, and in the aggr - 
gate employ 3,000 men. The establishment of Messrs. Winslo\> , 
Griswold, & Holly, where the Bessemer cast-steel is manufactured, is 
the largest of the kind in the United States. 

The famous original " Monitor " was constructed by these gentle- 
men ; they also had a contract subsequently to build six other iron- 
clad vessels. The Troy horseshoe, railroad-spike, and nail manufac- 
tory is one of the largest in the State, The manufacture of cotton 

68 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

and woolen yoods is also conducted on a large scale. The railway- 
car manufactory here is the largest in the State. Pa[)er, hosiery, car- 
riages, clothing, shirts, collars, mathematical instruments, etc., are 
largely manufactured. Breweries, distilleries, flour and grist-mills, 
are many in number. 

The educational institutions, besides the jiublic schools, are the 
Troy Academy, incorporated in 18;!4 ; the Troy Female Seminary, 
first established at Middlebury, Vt., in 1813, removed to Waterford in 
1819, and thence to this place in 1821, incorporated in 1837. This 
institution gained a national reputation under the charge of Mrs. 
Emma Willard. Upwards of 7,000 iiupils have been educated here. 
The Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, organized in 1824, was endowed 
by Stephen Van Rensselaer. It was formed for the purpose of teach- 
ing the application of mathematics to civil engineering and the natu- 
ral sciences. Next to "West Point this institute has the best reputation 
in its special departments of any school in America. The Troy 
Lyceum of Natural History was incorporated in 1830. St. Peter's 
College is built on Mount St. Vincent. The college building, in 
process of erection, was destroyed by a landslide in 1859 ; has 
since been rebuilt. St. Joseph's Academy was founded in 1842. 

The charitable institutions are many. The Troy Hosj^ital, in the 
care of the Sisters of Charity, was incorporated in ISHl. The Marshall 
Infirmary, incorporated in 1851, was built at an expense of $35,000, 
which was donated by Benj. Marshall, Esq. The Troy Orphan 
Asylum, Incorporated in 1835, situated on Grand Division Street, is 
built of brick, and supported by private donations and State appro- 
priations. Children Iietween three and nine years are received, and 
dismissed at ten, when suitable situations can be obtained. St. 
Mary's Orphan Asylum, connected with St. Mary's Church (R. C), 
is under the care of the Christian Brothers and Sisters of Charity. 
The ^^'arren Free Institute, a school for indigent female children, 
was incorporated in 1846. It was endowed by the Warren family. 
A free church for the pupds and their parents is connected with the 
Institute. 

Troy being at the head of tidal waters, steamers run to it daily. 
Besides the Hudson River, the Erie Canal, and the Champlain, giving 
water communication of vast extent, radroads connect the city with 
every part of the country. The Union Railway Depot is used for the 

69 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD, 

joint accommodation of the great railroads that center here, viz. : the 
New York Central & Hudson River (uniting at Schenectady with 
the other branch from Albany), the Delaware & Hudson Canal 
Co.'s R.K., the Troy & Boston Railway, the two latter running 
northerly through eastern New York and western Vermont, and 
connecting with roads to Plattsburgh, Burlington, Montreal, etc. 
The Central Vermont R.R. forms a direct connection here for Ben- 
nington, Manchester, Rutland, Burlington, St. Albans, Montreal, etc. 
The Troy & Boston Railway forms a direct route to Boston via 
Hoosae Tunnel, one of the long tunnels of the world. 

Fifteen minutes after leaving Troy, on our way to Syracuse, Roches- 
ter, Buffalo, Niagara Palls, and the Suspension Bridge, via Schenec- 
tady, we arrive at — 

COHOES, Watervliet, Albany County, New York, 153 miles from 
New York, an important manufacturing city on the Mohawk River. 
An extensive dam creates an immense water-power here, comprising 
the whole body of the Mohawk River, with a total descent of 103 feet. 
The railroad bridge across the Mohawk is 900 feet in length, and is in 
full view of the Cohoes Falls, about three-fourths of a mile above. The 
river here flows over a rocky declivity 78 feet in height, of which 40 
feet is a perpendicular fall. The main fall is 900 feet wide, and the 
banks above and below are wild and precipitous. The Erie Canal rises 
by a series of 18 locks from the Hudson River, through the village of 
Cohoes, to the northerly part of the town of Watervliet, three miles 
above, at which point it crosses the river in a stone aqueduct, 1,137 
feet long, 36 feet high, and resting on 26 piers. 

The products of the knitting and cotton mills, axe and edge tool, 
and other factories, amount to over $2,000,000 per annum. In recent 
excavations made in the rocky bank of the Mohawk, for the founda- 
tion of a new mill, the fossil remains of a gigantic mastodon weie dis- 
covered. The Harmony Mills Co. of Cohoes have liberally donated 
this interesting relic of the earth's ancient history to the State collec- 
tion at Albany. It is considered as the most perfect skeleton of the 
mastodon ever discovered. Leaving Cohoes, and passing 

CRESCENT, DUNSBECK FERRY, NISKAYUNA, and AQUE 
DUCT, which are unimportant way stations along the Mohuwk River 
and valley, a forty-five minute run brings us to — 

70 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTE, 

SARATOGA SPRINGS. 

Saratoga Co., N. Y. — 182 ni.fr. New York. Population, 10,000. 

But little of the town can be soon from tlie railroad, as the traveler 
approaches Saratoga Springs. It is somewhat irregularly laid out, 
and many of its streets are pleasantly shaded. The land on which 
the town proper stands is sufficiently level to render all parts of the 
place of easy access on foot or in a carriage, and yet is broken into 
low, rolling hills, so that the monotony of a dead level is pleasantly 
relieved. The population is about 10,000 during the winter, and 
rather more than double that number in the summer. 

Saratoga abounds in magnificent hotels, handsome villas, and a 
multitude of boai'ding-houses. The town devotes itself to entertain- 
ing visitors in summer, and leisure in winter. 

Near the central part of the town and overlooked by the principal 
buildings and hotels, is a shallow valley, l)enoath which, deep in the 
bowels of the earth, is one of the most wonderful of Nature's labora- 
tories. There she prepares solutions of various medicinal and mineral 
substances with a subtle power of combination which no chemistry 
has been able successfully to imitate, and sends the different solutions 
to the surface of the earth by channels which reach the light within a 
few rods of one another, yet discharge waters distinct in constituents, 
various in medicinal effects, and uniform in temperature. 

We cannot wonder that, in an age which believed in a plurality of 
gods, mineral springs were regarded with mingled fear and vonera- 
tion. We have very ancient accounts of such springs, which were 
valued for their natural and worshippe<I for their supernatural pro- 
perties. Greek and Roman, and even Hebrew and Chaldaic writei's, 
mention charmed fountains whose waters cured disease and almost 
restored the dead to life. The fabled fountain of eternal youth doubt- 
less had its origin in the bubbling waters of some mineral spring, as 
well as in the fancy of the poet who first gave it a name. Even in 
the time of our Saviour, the Pool of Bethesda was famous, and was 
visited by invalids from all Palestine. 

Saratoga County, near the center of which are the Springs, is 
bounded on the south and east by the Mohawk and Hudson rivers, 
along whose banks are a variety of picturesque drives through scen- 
ery of intrinsic beauty and interesting historic associations. 

81 



SARATOGA. ILLUSTKATED. 

Congress Hall 
Is built on the site of the old and famous hotel of the same TWta^e 
which was burned in 1866, and occupies the larger part ol the 
square bounded by Broadway, East Congress, Spring and Put- 
nam Streets. Its situation is in the very center of the gaj and 
fashionable hotel world of Saratoga, and is admirably arrf aged 
for seeing all the attractive phases of the "great wat'ring- 
place " life. Its frontage on Broadway, the principal str. et of 
the town, is 416 feet, with a high promenade piazza 20 feel ^vide 
and 249 feet in length, commanding a view of the most b' dliant 
portion of Saratoga. From the Broadway front two inimense 
wings, 300 feet long, extend to Putnam Street, the m rthern 
wing, running along Spriag Street and overlooking the celebrated 
Hathorn and Hamilton Springs on one side, and with the central 
wing which runs parallel with it, enclosing a very beautiful 
garden-plot. The southern front commands a fuU view of the 
famous Congress and Columbian Springs, and the beautifu^ Con- 
gress Park, owned and adorned by the Congress Spring 
Company. Ample piazzas extend around the back of the hotel, 
overlooking the grass and garden-plots of the interior court, afford- 
ing cool and shady retreats in the afternoon, when entrancing 
music is discoursed by one of the best hotel bands in Saratoga. 

Congress Hall is built in the most substantial manner of brick 
with brown-stone trimmings, and presents one of the most grace- 
ful architectural appearances in Saratoga. Its walls are 20 
inches thick and hollow in the center, thus securing great strength 
and protection from heat of summer. The roof is a Mansard, 
with three pavilions, which afford wide and delightful views from 
the promenades on top. Interior fire-walls are provided to pre- 
vent the spread of tire, and Otis elevators afford easy access to 
all the floors of the house. The rooms are all large, high and 
w^eU ventilated, and properly provided with annunciators, gas, 
etc. The halls, dining-rooms, parlors, and offices are ot grand 
proportions, and are furnished with an elegance that bespeaks 
comfort and neatness in all its departments. The ventilation of 
the dining-room and kitchen has been much improved, and a 
Steam Heating Apparatus introduced on the main floor for use 
whenever changes in the temperature require it. Hot and told 

16 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

water have beea carried to every floor, and a large number of 
baths and closets added for the convenience of guests. 

There has also been a complete renovation of the furniture, 
and the rooms, halls, and parlors have been recarjxjted, and 200 
rooms refurnished throughout and the walls refinished. The 
public parlors have been refurnished with new Wilton carpets, 
and the reception rooms, office and dining-room renewed. The 
kitchen department has been thoroughly reorganized at a large 
expense, and will this year be made equal to the best. The 
oflice has been tiled and greatly improved. The laundry has 
been greatly improved and its facilities increased. 

The rooms of Congress Hall are larger, and therefore aff'ord 
pleasanter and more healthy apartments than any other hotel in 
Saratoga, and will accommodate over 1,000 guests in the most 
comfortable style. The beds are the easiest and best spring and 
hair mattresses to be found in this country, and ample presses, 
closets, etc., afford all desirable conveniences. The ball-room of 
the Congress is one of the finest in Northern New York, being 
most exquisitely frescoed and adorned with costly chandeliers 
and ornaments. It is in the block across Spring Street, but is 
connected with the north wing of the hotel by a light, graceful 
iron bridge suspended over the street, covered and protected, 
which, when illuminated on hop nights, is very picturesque. 

Congress Hall is favored with a superior class of visitors, which 
annually includes the finest families of our metropolitan cities. 

In 1878, Mr. W. H. Clement, of Cincinnati, Ohio, President of 
the Cincinnati and Southern K. E. Co., and Mr. John Cox, of 
New York, gentlemen of large means, pvirchased Congress Hall 
and have since added many improvements. They have placed it 
under its present efficient and popular management, which now 
includes Mr. H. S. Clement, who has attained distinction as a 
manager of first-class hotels and who was proprietor of Congress 
Hall in its palmiest days, when it stood without a rival in Saratoga. 

The great success of Congress Hall is complete proof of the 
efficiency and popularity of the management. Owing to the very 
low purchase price of the hotel, the proprietors feel able to keep 
up the standard of style of its former glorious years and yet 
keep the prices at the lowest possible and present popular rates. 
Open from June 19th to October 1st. 

17 



SAKATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The Clarendon Hotel. 

This elegant resort of Saratoga stands on Broadway, a short 
distance south of Congress Street, on one of the pleasantest sites 
in the village. Recent improvements have made this part of 
Broadway one of the most attractive portions of the great water- 
ing place. The Clarendon is one of the first-class hotels of Sara- 
toga, and has always had the reputation of having a very fine 
class of guests. It has a quiet air of refinement about all its 
arrangements, and one feels quite at home in this cheerful and 
elegant hotel. It can accommodate about 500 guests. Over fifty 
thousand dollars have recently been expended in remodeling, 
modernizing, and equipping this hotel in the most improved man- 
ner. Among the improvements is a new Otis passenger elevator. 
The ample and beautifully shaded grounds afford delightful 
lounging places during the warm summer days. The cuisine of 
this hotel has always been noted for its excellence. 

A good l)and discourses delightful music daily, morning and 
evening from the piazza overlooking the interior court, which 
is illuminated in the evening and presents a very picturesque 
appearance. All the surroundings of the house are pleasant, and 
there are no inside rooms. 

The Clarendon is the only hotel in Saratoga which has a min- 
eral spring within its own grounds. It i)artly incloses within its 
wings a beautiful park, ornamented with shade-trees, among 
which stands the tasteful pagoda covering the popular Washing- 
ton Spring. This spring water is among the most valuable of the 
Saratoga waters. (See Analysis, page 68.) It is a tonic water 
which is highly prized by Saratoga residents, and popular with 
the visitors. Congress Spring Park is immediately opposite the 
Clarendon, and such of its guests as prefer Congress or Colum- 
bian waters to the springs within their own dooryard can easily 
reach them. 

The Clarendon is a favorite with persons who seek surroundings 
that promote genuine comfort and afford the luxuries of an ele- 
gant summer home. 

It has recently been purchased by Messrs. Averill and Gregory, 
who personally superintend the hotel. They are experienced and 
successful managers. 

21 



SARATO(;.\ ILLUSTRATED. 



The Worden 



Is situatod on the corner of Bi'oadway and Division Street, 
directly op{)o.site the United States Hotel. It is one of the best 
constructed liotels in Saratoo^a, comfortably fitted up and admi- 
rably conducted by the proprietor, Mr. W. W. Worden. The 
, Worden is the headquarters for tobogganists during the winter 
season, and is yearly becoming more popular with summer 




residents and transient visitors, who appreciate comfort, quiet- 
ness, good food, reasonable charges, never-failing courtesy, and 
attention. This hotel takes high rank among the Saratoga hos- 
telries. It is conveniently located, being but two minutes' walk 
from the depot, has ample accommodations for oOO persons, and 
is open all the year round. 

23 




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SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

CHAPTER IV. 
INSTITUTIONS AND BOARDING-HOUSES. 

The institutions and boiinling-houscs of Sanitoga afforil excel- 
lent accomniodations at moderate prices, and are decidedly 
homelike and liealtliful. Many of them have beautiful lawns 
for croquet and outdoor sports, and are very attractive in 
their external surroundinjrs, while the prices for board are very 
moderate. 

The institutions for the special treatment of diseases iu Sara- 
toga are few, but one or two are recognized by the medical 
fraternity as quite superior, and are certainly well supplied with 
medical appliances, and under competent management. We call 
attention especially to 

Drs. Strongs' Sanitarium. 

This excellent institution is pleasantly located on Circular 
Street, the most beautiful avenue in Saratoga, within five minutes' 
easy walk of the great hotels. Congress Spring Park, Hathorn, 
and the principal springs, and other sources of attraction. It is 
just retired enough for rest, and near enough to all the whirl. 

The Sanitarium has the table, appointments, and elegance of a 
first-class hotel, steam heat, etc. Its bath department compares 
favorably with the best meti'opolitan establishments, and offers 
the only opportunity in Saratoga for obtaining Turkish. Russian, 
Roman, and Electro-thermal baths. Abundant facilities are 
afforded for recreation and amusement, comprising organ, pianos, 
parlor entertainments, fine croquet grounds, gyumasium, etc. A 
marked and very pleasant feature of the house is its genial cul- 
tured society and home-like sociability. It is open all the year 
for patients and guests, and is the summer resort of many 
eminent persons for rest and recreation. 

Among its patrons are Rev. Theo. L. Cuyler, D.D. (B'klyn), 
Rev. D. R. Kerr, D.D. (Richmond), Rev. Chas. F. Deems, D.D. 
(N. Y.\ Rev. R. D. Harper, D.D. (Phila.), Rev. C. C. ("Chap- 
lain") McCabe, D.D., Rev. Dr. Jno. Potts, (Toronto); Bishops 
Foss and Bowman ; Hon, F. C. Sessions (Columbus, 0.), Rev. 
Homer Eaton, D.D. (Meth. Book Concern, N. Y.), Jas. MeCreery 
(N, Y.) ; Ex-Gov. Wells (Va.) ; Presidents McCosh (Princeton), 

26 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Warren (Boston University) ; Judges Reynolds (Brooklyn), Drake 
(Washington), Hand (Penn.), Bliss (Mo.) ; Med. Profs. Ross 
(I hie-ago), Knapp (N. Y.), Ford (Ann Arbor) ; Hon. Geo. S. 
Batcheller, Asst. Sec. U. S. Treasury, and many others. 

Saratoga Springs should have an institution managed by 
educated physicians, where professional advice, with able and 
constant medical supervision, can be obtained. Such is Drs. 
Strong's Sanitarium. A casual observer would not observe its 
medical character. There is no appearance of invalidism, and 
its prominent features are those of a first-class family hotel. 

The proprietors have received a classical education, and are 
graduates of the Medical Department of the University of the City 
of New York. The institution is iiidorsed and largely patronize 
by the medical profession. Its ample halls, parlor, dining, bath 
and other public rooms are heated by steam, while its extensive 
piazzas and gymnasium afford opportunities for exercise. 

In addition to the ordinary remedial agents available in general 
practice are such special appliances as Turkish, Russian, Roman, 
Electro-thermal, and evei'y variety of hydropathic baths. Massage, 
Galvanic and Faradic Electricity, Vacuum Treatment, Movement 
Cure, Inhalation, Medicated Oxygen, Compi'essed and Rarefied 
Air, Health Lift, Calisthenics, Mineral Waters, etc., so that the 
institution is furnished with every appliance requisite for the 
treatment of Nervous, Ijung, Female, and other chronic diseases. 

The dry. uniforin, and bracing climate, together with the 
cathartic, tonic, diuretic, alkaline, and alterative mineral waters, 
form attractions which bring invalids here at all seasons of the 
year. Physicians recognize the importance of the mineral 
waters in many courses of treatment. The danger from their in- 
discriminate use cannot be too strongly emphasized, as much of 
their efficacy and marvelous power over disease is due to their 
proper administration, and, if ignorantly used, they may become as 
potent agents for harm as they should be for good. Over twenty 
years' professional observation and experience eminently qualify 
the Drs. Strong to give advice in regard to them. The advan- 
tages of a well-regulated hygiene institution so completely 
equipped and under the able management of regularly educated 
physicians are obvious. Circulars sent on application. 

37 



NKW YORK CKXTUAL UAILUOAD. 



SCHENECTADY. 

Schenectady Count.v, New York, 17 miles from Abany, 22 miles from 
Saratoga Springs, 281 miles from Buffalo. A quaint, old-fashioned 
Dutch town, in the Mohawk Valley. The site on whicli it is built is a 
tract purchased from the Indians by the agent of the Rensselaer estate. 
The settlement was commenced in 16G1. It is situated on the Mohawk, 
and on the borders of one of the finest intervales in the State. In 1G9() 
it contained ciglity houses. On the 8th of February in that year, 
about three hundred French and Indians entered the palisades, which 
surrounded the city, at the unguarded portals, and fired the dwellings, 
and attacked the slumbering inmates. Most of the dwellings wore 
destroyed, and the inhabitants who were not carried off, rushing from 
their beds to escape the savages, perished in the snow. Only a few 
reached Albany, the nearest shelter. 

In 1795 Schenectady was made the headquarters of the ■' Western 
Navigation Company," organized to navigate the Mohawk River to 
Oneida Lake. It was incorporated as a city in 1776. Population, 
about 15,000. Besides a considerable amount of trade, which is now 
carried on here by means of the canal and the railways which center 
here, the people are largely engaged in various manufactures, among 
which are included machinery, cotton, carriages, agricultural imple- 
ments, and various utensils, implements, etc. The engine houses and 
repair shops of the N. Y. Central Railroad Co. are very extensive, and 
one of the largest locomotive manufactories in the country is located 
here. This is a great market for broom corn, a staple product of the 
valley. 

Union College, incorporated in 1795, was first erected in the city, but 
now graces an eminence on its eastern boundary, and commands a fine 
view for many miles up and down the Mohawk valley. The first college 
building was erected in 1814. It is largely endowed by grants from 
the State, and by private contributions. The college has attained a 
high reputation under the presidencies of Dr. Nott, Dr. Hickok, Dr. 
Potter, and its present president. 

Aid is furnished from the State Fund, to students of limited means 
without reference to what profession they propose to follow. Through 

71 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

the liberality of E. C. Delavan, Esq., the " Wheatly Collection" of 
minerals and shells was secured for the college at a cost of $10,00U. 
A department of civil engineering and analytical chemistry has been 
organized, affording ample facilities in this direction. Union College 
is the alma mater of Hon. W. H. Seward, and many other dis- 
tinguished statesmen, and men of science and letters. The public 
schools are well conducted. 

The Vale Cemetery Association was organized in 1858. The ceme- 
tery contains fifty acres, and is located in a beautiful vale on the 
border of the city. It is covered with native pines, and is tastefully 
laid out and ornamented. 

, Crossing the iron bridge that spans the Mohawk River at this 
point, we can see the University, as Union College is often called, on 
the i-ight. The line now traverses those alluvial plains of Glenville 
which were called Maalwyck and Wolstina by the ancient Dutch colo- 
nists. 

On the left is the fruitful Bouwland, and Holfman's Ferry is 
approached by the louarenne Hills. The ferry was established in 1790 
by Hermanns Vedder. Glenville was settled by the Dutch in 1665, 
and was on the manor of Sander Leeudertse Glen. 

HOFFMAN'S AND CRANE'S VILLAGE are the next two 
way-stations. At the former, a ferry was established in 1794 by Her- 
manns Vedder, whose ancestry had settled a century and a half 
before. It was called Vedder's Perry until 1835; it was then pur- 
chased by John Hoffman, whose name it has since borne. 

AMSTERDAM, Montgomery County, New York, 33 miles from 
Albany, 2()5 miles from Buffalo, an enterprising and prosperous city of 
more than 13,00'-) inhabitants, containing several large factories, and 
located in the most romantic scenery. It lies partly on an intervale 
stretching along the northern bank of the Mohawk River, and partly 
on the I'olling upland which gradually rises for a distance of three 
miles, reaching an elevation of 500 feet. Three streams of considera- 
ble size flow through and about it. The soil in the valley is a deep 
rich alluvium; that on the hills is a fertile gravelly loam. 

In operation here are oil factories, foundries, and agricultural 
works, a skate factory, a water-wheel manufactory, a burial-case 
manufactory, an extensive brewery, a steel-spring manufactory, and 



Ni:\V YORK CENTKAI. RAIlJtOAI), 

many others. The city also contains several cliurches. a female semi- 
nary, a bank, and a printing-office. A bridge crosses the Mohawk 
at this point. Considerable architectural taste is displayed in the 
construction of the residences. The next way-station is — 

AKIN, preceding the historical region known as — 

TRIBES' HILiL, Montgomery County, New York, 39 miles from 
Albany, a small hamlet and district, deriving the name from the fact 
that the Indians were accustomed to assemble on this mound on 
important occasions, where they held their councils and listened to the 
eloquence of their chieftains. A suspension bridge crosses the Mohawk 
here, near Schoharie Creek where once stood Fort Hunter. In 1710 
several hundred of the Palatinates, who had been previously located on 
the Hudson by the bounty of Queen Anne, migrated to this neighbor- 
hood. In 1780 Sir John Johnson, son of Sir William Johnson, accom- 
panied Ijy a band of Tories and five hundred Indians, made a descent 
uj)on Tribes' Hill, destroyetl every house which had not a Tory occu- 
pant, killed many of the inhabitants, and carried others into cap- 
tivity. 

A second incursion was made by Johnson in October of the same 
year. The invaders destroyed nearly all the property they left 
untouc/ied before. The house of Col. Fisher was boldly defended by 
himself and two brothers, both of whom were slain after one of them 
had killed seven Indians, with a hatchet, while defending the passage 
of the staircase with his single arm. The colonel was abandoned as 
dead, and the whole of his scalp torn from his head by the teeth of the 
infuriated Indian, but he recovered and survived this violence twenty- 
one years. 

While those atrocities were going on, one of the neighbors escaped 
and aronsed the country, and the Indians were attacked and defeated by 
Col. Dubois. Johnson and his men would have been captured had not 
General Robert Van Rensselaer, who commanded the militia, ordered the 
men to retire "for the night, during which the enemy decamped. John- 
son visited his inheritance no more. His vast estate was sequestered ; 
his Dutch tenantry were displaced by settlers from New England. 
The British Governor, however, compensated him for his loss by a 
grant of $300,000 and a command in the army. Near Tribes' Hill 
are extensive stone quarries. 

73 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

Five milos farther on, we find ourselves alongside the platform at — 

FONDA, Montgomery County, New York, 44 miles froii; Albany, 
the county seat of Montgomery County, and terminus of the Fonda, 
Johnstown & Gloversville Railroad. It is pleasantly located on the 
banks of the Mohawk, and derives its name from Douw Fonda, a Dutch- 
man, who removed hither from Schenectady in 1751, and was subse- 
quently murdered by the Indians, under Johnson, at the age of eighty- 
four, though he had been the early friend of this leader's father. 
Johnstown, three miles Tiorth of Fonda, was incorporated in 1808, and 
is now a thriving town. It lies on the southern border of the county. 

This place was once the residence of the distinguished Sir William 
Johnson. This gentleman entered the wilderness as agent for his uncle. 
Sir Peter Warren, who had an extensive grant from (ireat Britain. He 
built a stone mansion here, surpassing in cost and grandeur every 
dwelling in the valley of the Mohawk. By his tact he won the confi- 
dence of the Indians, assuming their dress and learning to speak their 
language, and entering heartily into all their wild sports. He became 
agent for Great Britain, and was of great service in settling dispiitcs 
with the Indians. In 1759, at his call, 2,000 Indian braves assembled, 
and were led by him to the head of Lake George, where he defeated thr 
French under Dieskau. 

For this Parliament voted him £5,000, and the King conferred a 
baronetcy upon him. He died in 1774, having spent forty years in the 
wilderness, which he declared were the happiest of his life. He is said 
to have been the father of a hundred children, and proud was the lofty 
chief to own that the blood of the great General flowed in the veins of 
those who were nominally his children. His title, estate, and Indian 
agency reverted to his son John. The latter espoused the royal cause 
during the Revolution, and retreated to Canada. The old manorial 
edifice, which still stands, attests its ancient grandeur. 

Gloversville, four miles north of Johnstown, is noted for its extensive 
manufacture of gloves and mittens. It was incorporated in 1858, and 
contains a number of glove and mitten factories. Johnstown and 
Gloversville are connected here with the main line by the Fonda, 
Johnstown & Gloversville Railroad. 

YOSTS, Montgomery County. New York, 49 miles from Albany, and 
SPRAKER'S, 52 miles from Albany, are on the way to — 

74 



NEW YORK fENTRAL RAILROAD. 

PALATINE BRIDGE, Piilatinc, Moiilj^oiiicry County, Ni-vv York, 
ns miles from Albiuiy. This place derives its name from the German 
Palatinates who settled here in 1713, and from the bridge which crosses 
the Mohawk, and separates it from Canajoharie. Passengers take the 
stage here for Sharon Springs, a place of considerable resort during 
till' summer season. The ride from Canajoharie to the Springs, a 
distance of fourteen miles, is one of the most picturesque and beautiful 
to be found in this part of the country. The accommodations for 
visitors at the Springs will l)e found ample and satisfactory. In addi- 
tion to the " Pavilion," one of the best hotels in the country, there are 
several otiier good houses where invalids, seeking a (piiet resort and 
seclusion, can find comfortable quarters in private dwellings. 

The mineral springs gush out of the bod of a small brook and from a 
steep woody slope. The curative properties of the waters were known 
to the inhabitants of the adjacent regions at the beginning of the 
present century. Their reputation was confined to the neighborhood 
until 1830, when their fame began to spread. These springs are now 
visited annually by hundreds from the large cities, seeking relaxation 
and enjoyment, as well as by invalids. Springs furnishing water of a 
character totally different are often found within a few rods, and 
sometimes a few feet, from one another. On the slope from which the 
streams flow are five different springs — chalybeate, white sulphur, blue 
sulphur, magnesia, and pure water. The white sulphur and the 
magnesia springs are held in the highest repute. 

After Butler's raid on Fort Plain in 1780, when fifty-three houses 
were destroyed and upwards of seventy persons killed or captured, he 
was attacked by the garrison of Stone Arabia, a hamlet northeast of 
Palatine Bridge. After an action in which the attacking party were 
annihilated. Sir John Johnson led the British in retreat, and repelled 
the militia of the valley in a fight near St. Johnsville. 

FORT PLAIN, Minden, Montgomery County, New York. 58 miles 
from Albany." A prosperous town containing numerous manufactories, 
including silk and the preparation of springs and axles. The Fort 
Plain Seminary and Female Collegiate Institute is chiefly under the 
patronage of the Methodist Episcopal denomination. The Academic 
l)uilding is a fine structure, situated upon a commanding eminence, 
overlooking the village, and is visible from the car window. 

Ill 1780 the notorious Brandt and his Indians invaded the valley; on 

75 



NEW YORK OENTRAL RAILROAD. 

arriving at this place he found the women and children placed in the 
forts for safety, during the absence of their husbands on service. On 
the appearance of the enemy, these women, clad in their husbands' 
clothes, boldly stood forth upon the forts, and the red men, thinking 
them to be able warriors, declined the combat, and retreated to the 
shelter of the woods. Three miles distant, a stone church, built m 
1770, still stands. The edifice was spared at Johnson's raid, as the 
principal contributors to it were in symi>athy with him. Still it was 
fired upon, through pure wantonness, and the bullet-hole still remains 
for the inspection of the curious. 



OTSEGO LAKE is one of the most beautiful sheets of water of all 
tlie cliain of inland lakes in the central part of New York State, and 
afllords fine fishing and sailing. It is quite celebrated for its bass, 
which are cauglit in large numbers. 

OOOPERSTOWN is situated at the south end of Otsego Lake, in 
a beautiful valley 1,200 feet above tidewater, and surrounded with the 
most charming country, rendered historic l)y the immortal pen of the 
novelist and poet Cooper, from whom the place derives its name. 

Cooperstown contains two fine hotels, the Cooper House and Feni- 
niore House. The former is open only in summer. A fine new 
steamer makes frequent excursions on Otsego Lake. Pleasure boats 
are to be obtained near the hotel, and the sailing, and excursions to 
the various nooks and pleasure-grounds around the lake, are delightful 
in the extreme. 



ST. JOHNSVILLE, St. Johnsville, Montgomery County, New 
York, 64 miles from Albany, named from the ancient church of St. 
John, the site of the Revolutionary forts. House and Hill. 

The 'first settlement was made in 1776, and suffered greatly during 
the Revolution. Two forts were erected here, which withstood every 
attack of the British and Indians in their murderous raids through 
this valley. The battle, between Johnson's and Van Rensselaer's army 
was fought here in 1780. The village contains several extensive 
manufactories. 

EAST CREEK, Manheira, Herkimer County, New York, is near 
the mouth of East Canada Creek, which is crossed by an iron bridge 

76 



SVAV YORK fKNTUAL RAILROAD. 

two huiulred feet in length. Wo now jniss along the iMiinheim inter- 
vales, with the Dannbe hills across the river. At Indian Castle, on 
the left, Sir William Johnson, who lived so long among the Indians, 
bnilt a mission church in 1768, and the great Mohawk chiefs, Brandt 
and King Ilendrick, and the American General, Herkimer, who was 
mortally wounded at Oriskany. resided in Danube, close l)y. 

Ten miles from St. Johnsville is the busy town of — 

LITTLE FALLS, Little Falls, Herkimer County, New York, 74 
miles from Albany, a busy manufacturing and market town, romantic- 
ally situated, in a deep valley or gf>rge of the mountain chain which 
extends through the State, from Pennsylvania to Lake Champlaiu, 
where it is connected to the Adirondack Mountains. The gorge is 
about three-quarters of a mile in width, and affords a passage to the 
Mohawk River, the Erie Canal, and the Central Railroad. The village, 
built against the sides of an abrupt acclivity, which rises four or five 
hundred feet, overlooks the Mohawk, which at this point descends 
forty-five feet in half a mile, forming a series of cascades and rapids, 
from which its name is derived. Geologists account for tliis remark- 
able chasm by supposing that long before the creati(m of man the whole 
valley west of this chain of mountains was submerged by an elevated 
lake; an overflow occurred at Ijittle Palls, and by process of erosion a 
broad channel was cut, forming the present valley of the Mohawk. 

In 1886 the valuable water privilege was turned to account by tlie 
erection of several manufactories upon the place. Woolen and cotton 
factories, paper mills, flour and grist mills, planing and saw mills, 
machine shops, foundries, and stores of eveiy description, were soon in 
operation. Farm produce in large quantities is transported from the 
surrounding districts, especially butter and cheese, and is thence for- 
warded to the Eastern markets. Herkimer County is famous for its 
rich cheese. The Little Falls Academy and Union School indicate the 
interest felt in education, and the large ntimber of churches marks 
the moral sentiments of the community. Population about 7,500. 

About three miles below Little Falls still stands the residence of Gen- 
eral Herkimer — a corruption of " Erghemar," his right name — who 
died from wounds received at the battle of Oriskany. It was built in 
1763 of imported brick. His remains were interreil on a knoll about 
one hundred and thirty yards from his house, and his grave is marked 
by a plain white tombstone. 

77 



NEW YORK CP:NTRAL RAIl.KOAI). 

HERKIMER, Herkimer, Herkimer County, New York, 81 miles 
from Albany. This is the county seat, situated on the bank of the 
Mohawk, near the West Canada Creek, and receives its name from 
General Herkimer. It was incorporated in 1807, and was formerly 
called "Stone Ridge." It is principally noted for its production of 
cheese, butter, and broom-corn. The earliest settlers were Palatinates, 
in 1722, refugees from the fury of Louis le Grand. A large paper-mill 
is in operation, making principally straw })aper. A short distance 
from the present court-house stood Fort Dayton, erected just before 
the Revolution, which in those troublous times was a refuge for the 
defenseless people in that vicinity, when the fiendish Brandt hunted 
them for their scalps. Here connection is made with the Herkimer, 
Newport & Poland Railroad to Newport and Poland. 

Two miles from Herkimer the cars stop at — 

ILION, Herkimer County, New York, 83 miles from Albany, a 
beautiful village, having a population of 4,000, surrounded by sloping 
and wooded hills. Among its industries are the large factories of the 
Remington Company, producing firearms, sewing-machines, and agri- 
cultural implements. At least 750,000 breech-loading rifles have 
been made here, including 50,000 for the United States, 60,000 for 
Egypt, 10,000 for Rome, 3,000 for Japan, 42,000 for Denmark, 30,000 
for Sweden, and 75,000 for Spain. During several months of the 
Franco-Prussian War, the Remington works were kept perpetually 
in operation, no less than 155,000 rifles being made and despatched 
to France. Several of the South American republics have been fitted 
out with firearms from this place. Immense quantities of agricultural 
implements have been made by th« same company, which includes 
sewing-machines and cotton-gins among its productions. Eight hun- 
dred rifles can be made in one day at the factory if required. Both 
the railway and the Erie Canal pass through the village, greatly facili- 
tating business. 

FRANKFORT, Herkimer County, New York, 86 miles from Al 
bany. Nearly a million pounds of excellent cheese are exported from 
this place each year. After speeding through a beautiful landscape 
region for twelve miles, the train glides through the suburbs of a city, 
and goon draws up in the station at — 



NEW YORK CKXTRAL RAILKOAO. 



UTIOA, 

Oneida County, New York, 95 miles from Albany, and 203 miles from 
Buffalo. It is the county seat of Oneida County, and contains about 
40.00;) inhabitants. Utica is a handsome and prosperous city, regularly 
built, and the second in size in Central New York. It was incorpo- 
rated in 183"3. It lies on the south bank of the Mohawk, on the eastern 
border of the county. The site of the city slopes from the river to an 
elevation of 150 feet. With Rome it shares the county seat of Oneida, 
each having its court-house, jail, and county officers. Besides the 
New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, which passes through 
its northern border, the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad, 
bringing in the travel from Watertown, Sackctt's Harbor, Clayton, 
Ogdensburg, Ottawa, and points on St. Lawrence River and in Can- 
ada, and the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad, and the 
Utica, Chenango & Susquehanna Valley Railroad, contribute to the city's 
prosperity. Stages communicate with the surrounding country, which 
IS rich in agricultural productions, and abounds in villages. The Erie 
Canal, the great waterway connecting the Hudson River with Lake 
Erie and the other great lakes, runs through Utica. It formerly 
connected here with the Chenango Canal, the latter running through 
the Oriskany and Chenango valleys to Norwich and Binghamton. 
This branch has since been abandoned. 

Utica is largely engaged in manufacturing cotton and woolen goods, 
millstones, screws, musical instruments, telegraph apparatus, and a 
great variety of other articles. Two large steam woolen- mills and 
a steam cotton-mill give employment to at least 1,000 men. Several 
other manufactories afford occupation to fifty and sixty hands 
each. The Washington ville Iron Works employs a large number of 
men. "Excelsior engines," intended especially for oil works, are 
manufactured here. Ornamental articles in iron are manufactured by 
two establishments. The city contains over 30 churches, a public 
library, and 7 banks with a combined capital of $2,000,000. There 
are 3 daily and (i weekly newspapers. 

The State Lunatic Asylum stands upon a fine farm of 130 acres, on 
the western border of the city. The building is a spacious and costly 

79 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

structure, with accommodations for 600 patients. The institution is 
admirably managed. Gardens, shops, and places for diversion are pro- 
vided for those who are able to engage in manual labor; and well- 
chosen amusements and objects tending to arrest the attention and 
bring back the wandering mind, are supplied. Among other amuse- 
ments, a monthly publication, "The Opal," is conducted by them. 
The statistics show tiiat a large portion of the inmates have received 
essential benefit from the treatment and discipline of the institu- 
tion. 

The public schools of Utica are of an excellent character. The 
district libraries contain several thousand volumes. The new Free 
Academy building, erected at an expense of $31,500, is the finest 
academy in the State. The Female Seminary, destroyed by fire, has 
been rebuilt. The Academy of the Assumption, under the care of the 
Christian Brotliers (R. C), is an imposing edifice. The City Hall is a 
fine brick building, at the top of the hill, on Genesee Street, contain- 
ing a large hall, council rooms, and city offices. The City Eospital, on 
Moliawk Street, is a fine building, as well in regard to internal ari'ange- 
ments as to external appearance. 

The city water works cost $400,000. There is a strong and efficient 
fire department maintained. Utica derives much of its importance 
from being the market for rich and extensive rural districts, from 
which several railroads converge on this point. 

At the time of the Revolution, Utica was a frontier trading-post, and 
the site of Fort Schuyler, built to guard the settlement against the 
French and Indians. 

Connection is made here, by means of the Black River Division of 
the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad, with Trenton Falls, 
Lyons Falls, and the North Woods. Connection is also made with the 
Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad for Richfield Springs, 
Norwich, and Binghamton. 

Forest Hill Cemetery, a few miles soutli of Utica, is well laid out, and 
has many handsome monuments. Tourists will find it an interesting 
place to visit. Deerfield, just across the river from Utica, is mentioned 
by Bancroft as one of the centers of the Indian wars and massacres. 

80 




BIKU'S-EYE VIEW, TliENTON FALLS, K. V 



isrf:w YORK cp:ntral railroad. 

TRENTON FALLS may be visited by taking the Rome, Water- 
town & Ogdensburg Railroad from Utica. Tliey are about twenty miles 
distant. These falls, now a great place of resort, were scarcely known 
to tourists until 1822, when the first hotel was erected. Although 
the Falls appear small when compared with the Niagara, or the Genesee 
Falls at Rochester, the rugged wildness of the surrounding scenery, 
and the picturesque character of the valley and stream, render it a 
spot of extraordinary attraction. 

The river forming the Trenton Falls is called West Canada Creek. 
There is no cataract at Trenton which in itself is pre-eminently grand 
or beautiful. It is more the position, form, and rapidity of the river 
which give the charm and make it considered by many as one of the 
most picturesque spots on the continent. 

There are five cascades in the series, with a total fall of two hundred 
feet. The stream flows through a romantic ravine bordered by walls 
of Trenton limestone from 70 to 200 feet in height. The water is of 
a singular variety of brown hues, — from amber and topaz in the shal- 
lows to a dark umber in the deeper parts, "forming a rich effect 
when flecked with lines of foam and lighted by the sunshine." 

There is ample accommodation for tourists in the immediate neigh- 
borhood, and in the village near by may be found a fine collection of 
fossils. Specimens are for sale at reasonable prices. There are few 
cabinets in the world which have not drawn upon this collection. 



Three miles southwest of Utica is New Hartford, a fine growing vil- 
lage, containing several churches, cotton factories, a batting factory, 
flour-mill, tannery, and about 900 inhabitants. Clinton, eight miles 
southwest, is the seat of Hamilton College, incorporated in 1843. 
This institution is located upon a hill overlooking Oriskany Valley. 
The course of study embraces a collegiate and law department. A 
preparatory department is connected with the college. It has a library 
containing about 10,000 volumes, and a large cabinet. 

The Clinton Liberal Institute, under Universalist control, is a 
flourishing school ; it has a male and female department. Houghton 
Female Seminary (Presbyterian) is also located here. It is in the midst 
of fine natural scenery; and, enjoying the favor of the professors of 
Hamilton College, and communicating by steam cars with Utica, this 
institution possesses unusual advantages, and is deservedly popular. 

81 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RATLKOAI). 



EIOHFIELD SPEIJSTGS, 

Otsego County, N. Y., 34 miles south of Utica, on Delaware, Tjacka- 
wanna & Western Railroad. Hotels — Spring House, Hotel Earlington, 
Gary Cottage, Tunnicliffe Cottage, Canadarago House, Darrow House, 
Davenport, and others. Richtield Springs is situated on an elevated 
plateau 2,000 feet above the sea, with high hills on the north, east, and 
west, which offer a barrier to high winds and aiford a climate at once 
invigorating and delightful. To the south, open gorges reveal a num- 




ber of beautiful lakes among the hills. These constitute a panorama of 
restful beauty, while they invite the strong to rambles on their shores, 
and fishing, boating, and bathing in their waters. The popularity of 
Richfield Springs as a resort is due to the invigorating climate, pure 
atmosphere, and the virtue of its mineral springs. The curative power 
of the strong sulphur sjirings in rheumatism and diseases of the blood 
has been abundantly demonstrated. Commodious bath-houses have 
been erected, and all the necessary appliances for hot sulphur baths 
and other methods of using the waters are supplied. Outdoor exercise 

82 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

is made possible and delightful to all by the well-kept highways and the 
charming drives in the neighborhood. The twelve-mile drive around 
Oanadarago Lake is very beautiful. The lake is about three fourths 
of a mile south of the Springs, and is five miles long and about one and 
a half miles wide. It is one of the most beautiful little lakes of the 
State, and abounds in a variety of fine fish. The road is near the 
shore, but sufficiently high to give commanding views. The valley 
south of the lake affords an extended drive. Sunset Hill is an eminence 




^t ci'^'i^:?,..^.^^^ 



VIEW OF CANADARAOO LAKK AND RICHFIELD SPRINGS, N. Y. 



near by, much frequented by reason of its ease of access and the views 
there obtained. Waiontha Observatory, on a mountain of the same 
name, two miles east of the Springs, affords charming and distant pros- 
pects, including views of the Adirondacks, and six beautiful lakes, one 
of which, six miles east from Richfield Springs, is the historic Otsego 
Lake, at whose foot is Cooperstown, famous as the home of J. Fenimore 
("ooper, America's great novelist. The whole region is full of points of 
interest to the lover of nature. 

Several hotels and boarding-houses offer board at varying prices. 
The Spring House, owned and conducted by T. R. Proctor, and the 
Hotel Earlington. are the largest. 



NKW YORK TKN'TRAL I{ A I Li;() A I). 

The traveler resuming his journey west iroui Utiea over the New 
York Central & Hudson River Railroad passes through the hamlets of — 

WHITESBORO, Whitcstone, Oneida County, New York, 99 miles 
from Albany, a jilensant village, with streets finely shaded, and — 

ORISKANY, Whitestone, Oneida County, New York, 102 miles 
from Albany, situated near the mouth of Oriskany Creek, and the 
scene of a disastrous battle fought in August, 1777, between General 
Herkimer and 1 he Indians, the train arrives at the city of — 

ROME, Oneida County, New York, 109 miles from Albany; 25;J 
miles from New York. Fort Stanwix, which was besieged by the 
British in 1777, occupied a site which is now in the center of the city 
of Rome, and the battle of Oriskany was fought in the vicinity. Not 
a trace of the fort now remains. Here was also a mile of portage, 
which kept asunder the waters of the Mohawk and Wood Creek, and 
interrupted the navigation from Albany to the lakes. The Indians 
called it " De-o-wain-sta " — or " carrying-place for canoes." Over this 
interval all merchandise to and from the distant West had to be con- 
veyed by men and ox-teams. Then, by way of Wood Creek and Oneida 
Lake, it reached Lake Ontario. In 1796 a canal was cut through this 
portage by the Western Canal Co., who deepened many of the shallows 
in the Mohawk, and constructed a lock at Little Falls, so that passage 
was afforded for boats of ten tons burthen. When going with the cur- 
rent, propulsion was easy ; but on the return the tedious journey through 
the windings of the Mohawk was effected by sheer strength, with the 
aid of " setting-poles." 

It is here that cheese was first made in factories, and that industry 
is still largely pursued. Other manufactures are — railroad iron, loco- 
motives, and agricultui'al implements. The population of Rome is 
12,000, and the city contains a handsome courthouse, 13 churches, a 
high school, 3 national banks, 2 savings banks, an academy, public 
library. Three newspapers are issued weekly. It is the junction of 
the New York Central, the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg, and the 
New York, Ontario & Western Railroads. The Erie Canal was begun 
in 1817 at this point, and in 1837 the Black River Canal was made from 
Rome to Lyons' Falls, connecting with navigable waters to the north. It 
ascends from Rome to the summit Ijy seventy locks, occurring in a rise 
of 693 feet, whence it descends 38() feet in thirty-six locks. The canal 

84 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

is 35 miles long, and cost $8,325,000. Travelers going to Albany, 
New York, Boston, and the East take the New York Central R.R. at 
this place, and touinsts from New York, Boston, Albany, Saratoga, 
etc., en route to Watertown, Ogdensburg, Thousand Islands, and north- 
ern New York, leave the New York Central R.R. at this point, and 
take the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg line. Sleeping-cars are 
run from New York to C^ape Vincent, where connection is made with 
steamer for the Thousand Islands ami Alexandria Bay. 

The New York Central & Hudson River Railroad runs southwest from 
Rome, passing— 

GREEN'S CORNERS, Rome. Oneida County, New York, 113 
miles from Albany, a small station in the southwestern corner of the 
township, and — 

VERONA, Verona, Oneida County, New York, 117 miles from 
Albany. East of the station ai*e the Verona Springs, whose waters 
contain 720 grains of muriate of soda in each gallon, and are saturated 
with sulphuretted hydrogen gas, resembling the springs at Harrogate 
in England. 

ONELDA, Lenox, Madison County, New York, 122 miles from 
Albany. Built upon a portion of the territory of the Oneida Indians. 
The word signifies "The people of the stone. " This tribe had a tradi- 
tion that a certain stone followed them in their wanderings. This 
animated stone at length rested upon a lofty hill, upon which the 
Indians afterwards always held their councils. A boulder of gneiss, 
lying upon a farm at Stookbridge, was pointed out as the object of their 
veneration, and a few years since was removed to the entrance of Utica 
cemetery, where it still remains. The village is on Oneida Creek, and 
was incorporated in 1848. It has a population of 4,000, and is the 
center of a flourishing country trade. The Oneida Seminary is a well- 
conducted school. 

On the banks of the creek, and about three miles from the village, a 
society called the "Oneida Community" is located upon a well-tilled 
farm of 390 acres. The Association, which includes both sexes, was 
organized by John H. Noyes, who originated their peculiar religious and 
social tenets in 1847. They do not marry, but live in common, and 
have a common property in all things, and afl'ect to be guided in all 
their actions by inspiration. They are principally engaged in garden- 

85 



TOURISTS' IDEAL ROUTE, 

NIAGARA TO THE SEA. 

ROME, WATERTOWN & O&BENSBURG R. R. 

Great Highway and Favorite Route for Fashionable Pleasure Travel. 
Only All-Rail Route to Thousand Islands. 

1889. NEW FAST TRAINS, AVOIDING STOPS. 1889. 

WAGNER PALACE SLEEPING CARS. 

NEW YORK AND PAUL, SMITH'S, 15 Hours. 

NEW YORK AND CLAYTON, 11 Hours. 

NIAGARA FALLS AND CLAYTON, 9k< Hours. 
NIAGARA FALLS, PORTLAND AND BAR HARBOR, MAINE. 

Via Norwood, Fabyans, Crawford Notch, and all White Mountain Resorts. 

WAGNER PALACE DRAWLNG-ROOM CARS. 

NIAGARA FALLS AND CLAYTON. 

ROCHESTER AND CLAYTON. 

SYRACUSE AND CLAYTON. 

ALBANY AND CLAYTON. 

UTICA AND CLAYTON. 

Direct and immediate connections are made at Clayton ^vith powerful 
steamers for Alexandria Bay and all Thousand Island Resorts, also with Rich. 
& Out. Nav. Co. Steamers tor Montreal, Quebec and River Saguenay, passing 
Jill of the Thousand Islands and Rapids of the River St. Lawrence by day- 
light. Fur tickets, time-tables and further information apply to nearest 
ticket agent or correspond with General Passenger Agtnt, Oswego, N. Y. 



ROUTES AND RATES FOR SUMMER TOURS. 
A beautiful book of 200 pages, profusely illustrated, contains maps, 
cost of tours, list of hotels, and describes over 400 Combination Summer 
Tours via Thousand Islands and Rapi'ls of the St. Lawrence River, Saguenay 
River, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Lake Champlain, Lake George, White Moun- 
tains, to Portland, Kennebunk, Boston, New York and all Mountain, Lake, 
River and Sea Shore Resorts in Canada, New York and New England. It is 
the Best book given away. Send ten cents postage to General Passenger 
Agent, Oswego, N. Y. , ftr a copy before deciding upon your summer trip. 

THEO. BUTTERF^ELD, 
E. S. BOWEN, Gen'I Passenger Agent, 

Acting Gen'I Manager. Oswego, N. Y. 




THE ELMIRA, CORTLAND AND NORTHERN ROUTE 

As will be seen on above map, this line runs iliugonally across New York Stale 
from Camden, wliere it intersects the Rome, Wateitown, and Ogdensburg Railroad 
to Elmira, its junction with the Erie. Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania, and Delaware 
and Lackawanna Railroads, crossing I he New York Central and West Shore Rail- 
roads at Canastota, and following the beautiful, fertile valleys of the Chittenango. 
Tioughnioga, and Chemung. Si.\ miles north of Canastota. at the east end of 
Oneida Lake, is Sylvan Beach, a beautiful and popular summer resort, noted for its 
magniflcent beach of- white sand, offering bathing facilities e.xcelled only by Coney 
Island Beach. Twenty-five miles south is Cazenovia, on Cazenovia Lake. 1,-.J00 feet 
above sea level, for many years a famous summer resort. The line crosses the 
Syracuse, Binghamton and New York Railroad at Cortland, a thriving man- 
ufacturing town of 10.000 Inhabitants, noted for \tv immense wagon factories and 
wire cloth mills, and one of the State Normal schools. Twenty miles south, and 
fifty miles from Elmira. the line touches Ithaca, the seat of the magnificent Cornell 
University, with its L200 students, founded by Ezra Cornell, and best described by 
his words, "I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in 
any study ! " North of the University is the wonderful Ithaca Gorge, one and a 
half miles long, containing seven or more waterfalls, the highest of which, Ithaca 
Fall, is 156 feet high, only 4 feet less than Niagara. Within ten miles of Ithaca are 
150 waterfalls. These with the celebrated McGraw-Fiske Mansion, and the Cornell 
University, make Ithaca one of the most interesting places to the tourist. The line 
runs westerly from here through Spencer and Van Etten, climbing the mountain 
from Swartwood. at a grade of 12.3 feet to the mile, rising 1,-100 feet in eiyht miles 
to Park Station, the summit. Thence it runs by easy grade to Elmira. 



NEW YORK (KXTRAL RAILROAD. 

in^, mirsorv business, milling-, und tlu' iiKUiuriicture of steel traps, 
sewing-silk, tnivelinji-bti^^s, enivats, and palni-lcaf hats. The men are 
chiefly engaged upon the land, and the women in other profitable pur- 
suits. They also publish a weekly paper called tiie "Circular." 

There is a junction of the New York Central and the New York, On- 
tario & Western railroails at Oneida. v 

WAMPSVILLE, Lenox, Madison County, New York, 125 miles 

from Albany, is a small way-station. Two miles west we reach — 

CANASTOTA, Lenox, Madison County, New York. 127 miles 
from Albany. This village contains several churches, a newspaper 
office, a bank, and a manufactory of astronomical and optical instru- 
ments. The microscopes and other instruments made here have 
acquired merited celebrity. The equatorial telescope of Hamilton Col- 
lege was made here. On a marsh near the village is a salt spring. 
Passengers for Oneida Lake, Cazenovia, Cortland, Ithaca, Elmira, and 
]ioints near them, take the Elmira, Cortland & Northern Railroad at 
Canastota. This railroad runs from Canastota southwest through Madi- 
son, Cortland. Tompkins, and Chemung counties. New York State, 

After passing the hamlet of — 

CANASERAGA, Sullivan, Madison County, New York, l:U miles 
from All)any, we arrive at — 

CHITTENANGO, Sullivan, Madison County. New York, 133 
miles from Albany. This pretty village of about 1,000 inhabitants has 
several woolen and other factories. The settlement lies on the right 
bank of the Erie Canal, at the entrance to the narrow valley through 
•which the Chittenango Creek, the outlet of Cazenovia Lake, makes its 
way to the great plain which extends from Syracuse to Rome. About 
a mile from the village, near the east bank of the stream, the famous 
sulphur springs of Chittenango are found. In their medicinal proper- 
ties they closely resemble the celebrated White Sulphur Springs near 
Warrenton, Virginia. There is evidence that they possess considera- 
ble healing powers, especially in diseases of the skin, liver, stomach, 
and bowels. In cases where the patient has a tendency to pulmonary 
affection, the waters, like all that contain sulphuretted hydrogen gas, 
seem to have an injurious effect. 

The scenery in the neighborhood of the springs is highly picturesque, 
and is best enjoyed from the hotel. The southern view is renuxrkably 

86 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD, 

fine. The water, in its passage from the fountain-head to its appear- 
ance in tlie large basin, is made to pass through several artistic arrange- 
ments, which produce a pleasing effect ; again, disappearing lor some 
distance, it is seen next on the opposite side of the road, rising in 
several jets, and falling upon a rude heap of stones, which it has encased 
with a crystal covering resembling hoar-frost. 

A little further south is a room for refreshments and recreation, and 
in a nook of the cliff, fifty feet above the fountain, leached by a wind- 
ing path, is the gymnasium, sliaded by birches, maples, and oaks. 
Across the creek, in the groves, are four pleasant cottages, belonging to 
the establishment, where families reside during tlie summer season. 
This is the narrowest part of the valley, and from an eminence on the 
opposite side are seen C'azenovia and Oneida lakes. About two miles 
above the spring the valley is suddenly terminated by a precipice, over 
which the Chittenango falls perpendicularly 140 feet into the deep 
gorge below — a scene of extraordinary beauty. It contains a woolen 
and other factories, tannery, and several churches, and the Yates 
Polytechnic Institute. 

Chittenango can hardly be called a fashionable resort, but it is vis- 
ited anntially by many invalids, who use the medicinal waters with great 
benefit. Besides the hotels there are several cottages for summer resi- 
dents, near the waters. From a hill in this vicinity is obtained a pleas- 
ing view of the Oneida and Cazenovia lakes and the intervening coun- 
try. The Canaseraga Creek has a waterfall 130 feet high. The next 
two stations are — 

KIRKVILLE, Manlius, Onondaga County, New York, 137 miles 
from Albany, and — 

MANLIUS, Manlius, Onondaga County, New York, 140 miles from 
Albany. This latter village contains several mills and factories, several 
ehui'ches, and 1,000 inhabitants. It is situated on the border of Lime- 
stone Creek, where a branch of the river falls over a precipice 100 feet 
high, forming a fine cascade, and a pleasant summer resort. Near this 
place are sulphur and other mineral springs, but they have not yet 
attracted public attention. In the vicinity are three peculiar ponds, 
called the " Green Lakes," from the color of their waters. Passing — 

IDE WITT, a small way station, we are soon wending our way 
through the suburbs of the enterprising and prosperous city of — 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 



SYRACUSE, 

Onondaga County, New York, 148 miles from Albany, situated at the 
head of Oiioiida^a Lake. It is the county seat of Onondaga County, 
and covers 8,500 acres. The population of the city has grown, since 
1830, from 'J, 500 to nearly 100,000. 

Syracuse is built mostly of brick, and has wide and well-paveil 
streets; and from its central situation has attained considerable politi- 
cal and commercial eminence. There are one hundred and forty-four 
miles of streets within the municipal limits. Prom a very modest 
beginning, Syracuse has become one of the most important manufac- 
turing centers in the country. 

As a place of residence it is desirably located and possesses a 
delightful climate. There is a good system of rapid transit by means 
of horse cars and electric railways. 

Schools of every grade, colleges, libraries, and reading-rooms abound. 
In addition to the excellent system of public and private schools, 
Syracuse boasts of a university of high standing among institutions 
of the kind. More than five hundred students are in attendance. 
There are three departments : the College of Pine Arts, the Medical 
College, and the College of Liberal Arts. A splendid library has 
been established in connection with the university, containing 13,000 
volumes, exclusive of the Von Ranke library, recently donated, and 
placed in a handsome stone structure specially built to contain them. 

The John Crouse College for Women is one of the greatest architec- 
tural ornaments in the city. Its utility is thoroughly appreciated. 
Theaters and other places of amusement are not wanting. Every 
religious denomination is well represented, and amply accommodated 
with buildings for devotional purposes, the total number of churches 
being sixty-two, with a seating capacity of thirty thousand. 

Syracuse maintains a well-equipped fire department, an efficient 
police service, Board of Health, Public Works, and three companies of 
State militia ; the armory stands within spacious grounds, and is large 
and substantial. 

" As a manufacturing center." says the author of " Syracuse and its 
Surroundings," " it proves an advantageous and inviting field to capi- 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

tal in the establishment of new industries. In the manufacture of 
agricultural implements, mowing-machine parts, and knives, plows, 
power hammers, carriages, carts, wagons, and sleighs, Syracuse is not 
surpassed; while the steel works, rolling mills, blast-furnaces, tube, 
iron pipe, car-wheel, and sheet-iron works contribute to the city's pros- 
perity. The cutlery, guns, hardware specialties, wagon and carriage 
springs, patented buckles, saddlery, hardware, and malleable iron 
goods manufactured here are used throughout the country. 

" The vast sand beds of Oneida Lake furnish the material for making 
the manufacture of window and plate glass a profitable and growing 
industiy. The building of steam engines, boilers, and the manufacture of 
stoves, furnaces, brick, tile, lime, cement, shoes, clothing, etc., are promi- 
nent features, while the products of hei' flour mills, canning factories, beer 
and ale breweries have achieved a wide reputation for their excellence." 

Syracuse is celebrated for its salt-works, and stands upon ground 
somewhat more elevated than the marsh which is the source of its 
wealth. This marsh is rich in springs of brine, that yield salt in the 
proportion of 50 pounds from 35 gallons of brine. The existence of 
this brine is attributed to the constant dissolution of the saline crystals 
in the substrata. More than 500 acres are covered by solar works, or 
a surface of 8,40:5,840 square feet. The solar salt is much coarser than 
that i)roduced by boiling. A grinding establishment improves it for 
dairy and table use. Works are erected at Liverpool and Geddes, as 
well as Syracuse and Salina. The annual amount produced collectively 
is about 8,000.000 bushels. 

The railroad commimications of Syracuse are extensive and impor- 
tant. The New York Central & Hudson River Railroad connects 
hei-e with the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad, New York, 
West Shore & Buffalo Railway, Delaware, Lackawanna & Western 
Railroad, and the Syracuse, Ontario & New York Railway. The West 
Shore Railroad passes through on the north side of the canal, and has 
erected a handsome depot — one of the finest in the State. 

The Erie Canal is an important accessory to the business facilities of 
Syracuse, and the Oswego Canal here unites with the Erie, of which it 
IS a branch. 

From Syracuse westward the New York Centra,! & Hudson River 
Railroad has two routes. Through passengers take the main line, but 
travelers going to Auburn, Geneva, Seneca Lake, Watkins Glen, 



NKW YOIIK CENTIiAL HAILKOAD. 

Canandaifjua. and other points ou or connecting with the old division, 
change cars. 

As the train draws out from Syracuse .to continue its journey on the 
direct line, we have an excellent view of the innumerable salt sheds that 
line the shore of the lake, and see on every hand evidences of the 
enterprise and thrift which have made this city what it is. West of 
Syracuse the railway runs tiirough — 

AMBOY, Camillus, Onondaga County, New York, a small village. 

WARNER'S, or VAN BUREN CENTRE, Van Buren, Onon- 
daga County, New York, 157 miles from Albany. 

JORDAN, Elbridge, Onondaga County, New York, 16") miles from 
Albany. This village is pleasantly situated on Skaneateles Outlet. 
Besides the railroad the Erie Canal passes through it. It contains five 
churches, two flour-mills, an extensive wheelbarrow and barrel factor- 
ies. It also contains a capacious warehouse, many stores, and has 
about 1,500 inhabitants. The Erie Canal is fed from the outlet at this 
place. 

WEBDSPORT, Brutus, Cayuga County, New York, 169 miles from 
Albany. It is on the Erie Canal, and contains a foundry, distillery, 
several flour-mills, several churches, and about 2,000 inhabitants. The 
Southern Central Division of the Lehigh Valley Railroad crosses the 
New York Central & Hxulson River Railroad here. 

PORT BYRON, Mentz, Cayuga County, New York, 173 miles from 
Albany. This place is located on the Owasco Outlet and the Erie Canal, 
and contains, besides several churches, a woolen factory, a flour-mill 
with ten run of stones, and other manufacturing establishments. 
After passing Port Byron the train traverses the great Montezuma 
marshes, and crosses the Seneca River near the Great Bend. 

SAVANNAH, Savannah, ^Vayne County, New York, 180 miles 
from Albany ; from Buffalo, 118. Named from the resemblance of 
2,000 acres of low, marshy land, which produces abundance of long, 
coarse grass, to the Spanish savannas. The village is small, and con- 
tains about twenty dwellings. 

CLYDE, Galen, Wayne County, New York, 186 miles from Albany. 
This village, on the Clyde River, received its present name in 1818. It 
contains ample church accommodation, banks, extensive distilleries, 

90 



NEW YOKK CENTRAL RAILROAD, 

steam flour-mills, furnaces, and shops, for the manufacture of agricul- 
tural implements, a large cooperage, brewery, malt-houses, tannery, 
and other manufactories, as well as extensive forwarding and commis- 
sion establishments. Glass of an excellent quality is made here. To- 
bacco of good quality is raised in the vicinity. Extensive fields of 
peppermint are seen beside the railroad. The plant is grown for mak- 
ing the essence, and is said to be one of the most remunerative crops 
that can be cultivated. About one third of all the peppermint grown 
in the United States is raised in this neighborhood. 
Seven miles beyond Clyde is — 

LYONS, Lyons, Wayne County, New York, 193 miles from Albany, 
the county seat of Wayne County, and the junction of the New York 
Central and the Syracuse, Geneva & Corning railroads. 

This town is situated at the conflux of Mud Creek and Canandaigua 
Outlet, and is one of the finest in the State, with a population of about 
5.000. It is one of the oldest towns in Western New York, nearly 
midway between Syracuse and Rochester, and was settled in 1789. It 
contains many fine edifices, including a court house of tasteful cut 
stone, with a fine portico and dome. There are several churches, a 
union schoolhouse, banks, a variety of stores and manufactories of 
different kinds, including a furnace, machine-shop, and agricultural- 
implement shop, tile manufactory, brickyard, pottery, brewery, fan- 
ning-mill establishment, a saddle-tree factory, and a variety of others. 
Peppermint oil, apples, tobacco, cider, cherries, and grain are the 
principal exports. Ten thousand pounds of peppermint are annually 
distilled here. Railway connection is here made for Geneva, Seneca 
Lake. Ithaca, Watkins Glen, and points in Northern Pennsylvania. 
The stations on the branch of the New York Central Railroad run- 
ning froui Lyons to Geneva, are Thompson's, Cuddeback's, Mitchell's, 
Bennett's, and Geneva. 

NEWARK, Arcadia, Wayne County, New York, 199 miles from 
Albany, is the next station west of Lyons. It is a thriving town, 
having about 3,000 inhabitants. The surrounding rich and fertile soil 
has made this a prosperous place and an important railroad and canal 
station. It contains several churches, furnaces, manufactories, and 
an improved plow factoiy. Spiritualism made its first "rap" near 
here, at Hydesville, a small place two miles distant, where it was first 

91 



XEW YORK (KXTFIAL RAILROAD. 

heard by tlii' noted " Fox Family," on the night of March 31, 1849. 
Connection is made here with the Sodus Bay Division of the Lehigh 
Valley Railroad, which extends from Gorham to Lake Ontario. Pass- 
ing the small way-station of — 

EAST PALMYRA, where the "Long Island Company" in 1791 
purchased 5,500 acres of land for twenty-five cents per acre, we stop 
at— 

PALMYRA, Palmyra, Wayne County, New York, 306 miles from 
Albany. This place has a popiilation of more than 3,000. Its streets 
are broad and handsomely shaded. Within its limits are several 
churches, a union school having a large number of pupils, a bank and 
several considerable manufactories. 

The parents of " Joseph Smith," the Mormon prophet, settled near 
here in 1819. Hunting for gold with his spade, Joseph, one day, ac- 
cording to his own account, " laid bare tlie golden plates of the Mor- 
mon Bible." He transcribed and published these as the " Book of 
Mormon." A convert mortgaged his farm to pay the printer. The 
tradition of the neighborhood says he was a "vagabond" and "scamp" 
from his youth. Marrying a respectable woman, he neglected his 
family, defrauded liis friends and proselytes, but finally obtained his 
deserts at the hands of a mob in Nauvoo, Illinois. 

After leaving Palmyra, the New York Central cars run parallel with 
the Erie Canal, through the village of Walworth, to — 

MAOEDON, Macedon, Wayne County, New York, 210 miles from 
Albany. Contains two churches, a grist and saw mill, furnace and 
machine shop. 

FAIRPORT, Perinton, Monroe County, New York, 219 miles from 
Albany ; from Buffalo, 72. Contains five churches, three flouring- 
mills. two saw-nulls, a plaster- mill, two planing-mills, a saleratus 
establishment, machine-shop, and carriage shops. The train passes 
Pcnfield and Brighton, touches at East Rochester, and then enters the 
station at — 

93 




SENESEE FALLS, ROCHESTER, N. Y. 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 



EOOHESTEE, 

Monrop County, Ncav York, 7 miles from Lake Ontario, 07 miles from 
Buffalo, 22'.) miles from Albany, the fourth city of the Empire State in 
extent and population. Rochester, named after the original proprietor, 
Colonel Nathaniel Rochester, is a modern city on the Genesee River, 
seven miles south of its entrance into Lake Ontario, where it is crosse<l 
by the Erie Canal and the New York Central Railroad. In 1802 Messrs. 
Rochester, Fitzhugh, and Carroll purchased the so-called hundred-acre 
tract comprising the central part, on the west side of the river, of the 
present city of Rochester. The settlement was called Genesee Falls 
until its creation as a village, by an act of the legislature, in 1817, 
when it was called Rocliesterville. Its present pop'.ilation is estimated 
at 130,000. The Genesee River lies west of the railroad depot, and the 
cars cross it going west towards Buffalo, just outside the depot, and 
immediately over the falls. 

In the center of the city are the upper falls of the Genesee, a perpen- 
dicular cataract of 96 feet. Two other falls, of 83 and 26 feet, are a 
mile and a half below, the river running through a deep gorge in its 
limestone banks from 100 to 220 feet high. This great water power 
was the foundation of the prosjierity and rapid growth of the city. 
Below tlie lower falls the river becomes navigable for all lake vessels. 

The city — over five miles square — is regularly laid out with wide 
and handsome streets, of wliich many are lined with shade-trees. 
Main Street, on the east side, and Buffalo Street, on the west side of 
the river, form, by means of a stone bridge, one continuous street — 
the "Broadway" of the city— lined with handsome stores, hotels, 
public buildings, etc. 

The suburbs are ornamented by numerous and elegant residences, 
surrounded by tasteful grounds and gardens. The waters of the 
Genesee River, flowing to the northward from the Alleghany Hills, 
in the southern part of the State and northern Pennsylvania, traverse 
the city and empty into Lake Ontario. Rochester stands in the midst 
of one of the finest wheat-growing regions in the world ; hence it is 
that the available water power is of so much service in sustaining that 
branch of the city's commerce. 

93 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD, 

" With railroads converging from all directions: with Lake Ontario 
and the chain of great lakes opening communication with Canada and 
the West, and affording cheap transportation for merchandise and 
products of every description ; with the Erie Canal traversing the 
entire length and breadth of the State, connecting the Hudson River 
with Lake Erie ; with two lines of railroads running directly to the 
immense coal-fields of Pennsylvania, — the commercial facilities of 
Rochester are unexcelled." 

Among the leading commercial interests of Hochester are ready- 
made clothing, boots and shoes, beer, flour, tobacco, nursery stock and 
seed-growing, iron-bridge building, manufacture of car-wheels, furni- 
ture, optical instruments, caskets, carriages, showcases, fine flannel, 
cotton goods, wood-working machinery, boilers, stoves, and furnaces, 
photographic supplies, dental supplies, artificial limbs, pianos, under- 
wear, tents, ornamental iron, perfumery, lamps and lanterns, locomo- 
tive headlights, canned goods, glassware, bank locks, and agricultural 
implements. More than 4,000 acres are under cultivation for nursery 
purposes. 

There are eleven beer and two ale breweries. In the flour industry, 
20,000 bushels are ground and 4,000 barrels placed on the market 
daily. An immense trade is carried on in evaporated and dried fruits 
in Rochester and vicinity. In 1887, 30,000,000 pounds were prepared, 
worth $2,000,000. Between 25,000 and 30,000 persons are engaged 
in autumn and early winter every year in the preparation of fruits for 
domestic use. 

Seven State banks and four savings banks are maintained in 
Rochester. The assessed value of real estate, on a basis of seventy-five 
per cent, of actual value, is $80,000,000. 

Facilities for education in the city include the University, 31 
puljlic schools, a free academy, erected at the cost of $125,000, the 
Baptist Theological Seminary, the Reynolds Library, and a Law 
Library of 10,000 volumes. 

Among the many benevolent societies are four orphan asylums, 
the Church Home, Home of the Friendless, the Industrial School, 
Home of Industry, and State Industrial School. The City and St. 
Mary's Hospitals provide for 500 patients. 

The spiritual needs of the community are well provided for, there 
being 78 churches, representing Baptists, Christadelphians, the Church 

94 



NEW YORK CHNTRAL RAILROAD. 

of Christ, Congregiitioiialistis, Unitarians, KvaMgclicais, Friends, 
Hebrews, Lutherans, Methodist Episcopalians, P]piscopalians, Free 
AJetliodists, Presbyterians, Covenanters, Reformers, lioman Catholics — 
who have a cathedral — Adventists, and Universalists. The Mount 
Hope and Holy Sepulchre cemeteries are large and well preserved, the 
grounds being beautifully ornamented. 

Municipal and local affairs are creditably managed by public-spirited 
men. The Fire and Police Departments are efficient. Electricity is 
extensively used in lighting the thoroughfares. There are eleven street 
railway routes, some of which are to be run by cable and electrical 
storage systems. 

Citizens and travelers in search of recreation can reach Lake Ontario 
within a.bout 45 minutes, (^onesus, Hemlock, Silver, Keuka, and 
Canandaigua lakes are all within easy distance. 

Among the sights to be viewed by tourists when in and near Rochester 
are the University, City Hall, Theological Seminary, the Wilder Build- 
ing, the Powers Building, the Upper Palls, and many of the manufac- 
tories connected with local and general trade. 

Communications. The Erie Canal crosses the Genesee by an 
aqueduct of cut stone, built at; an expense of over $600,000. The 
Genesee Valley Canal is tributary to the Erie, and has its northern 
terminus here It extends southerly, following up the general course of 
the Genesee Valley to Olean, on the Alleghany River, in Cattaraugus 
County. It is being extended from Olean to the coal regions of Peim- 
sylvania. 

Rochester is an important railroad center. Connections are made 
here with the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad running to 
Windsor Beach, Lake Ontario, and points east and west on Lake 
Ontario ; with tlie New York, Lake Erie & Western R.R. for New 
York via Avon, Corning, and Elmira; with the Buffalo, Rochester & 
Pittsburg Railroad for Le Roy, Warsaw, Machias. Salamanca, and points 
in Pennsylvania ; and with the Western New York and Pennsylvania 
for other places in New York and Pennsylvania ; with Charlotte, by 
branch of the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad ; and pas- 
sengers for Brockport, Albion, Medina, Lockport, Suspension Bridge, 
and Niagara Palls, are carried over the Niagara Palls Division ; and 
those for Buffalo, Cleveland, etc., continue on the main line of the 
New York Central R.R. 

95 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 
SYRACUSE TO ROCHESTER VIA AUBURN. 

OLD ROUTE. 

From Syracuse to Rochester the New York Central & Hudson River 
Railroad has two routes. The new I'outc, described on page 90, fol- 
lows the course of the Erie Canal, via Ainboy, Warner's, Memphis, 
Jordan, Weedsport, etc., the distance between the starting-point and 
destination being 81 miles. The old route pass-es south through the 
lake country, a distance of 102 miles being traveled over between the 
two cities. This old route is termed the Auburn Division. 

After leaving Syracuse, the next stations are Sol way Works, Pair- 
mount, Camillus, or Nine-mile Creek, and, amid the limestone high- 
lands, Marcellus, containing paper and wool manufactories, Halfway, 
and — 

SKANEATELES JUNCTION, whore passengers for Skaneateles 
village and lake change cars. The lake is •' one of the most charming 
bodies of water in Central New York." Bordered on the south by lofty 
hills, it is sixteen miles long, with an average width of one mile. Its 
waters are 860 feet above the sea, cool and clear, and well supplied 
with trout and other fish. The village of — 

SKANEATELES, Skaneateles, Onondaga County, New York, 165 
miles from Albany, is situated at the northern end and outlet of the 
lake and has many visitors in summer. 

Skaneateles is about five miles distant from the station. It com- 
prises a fine view, and is the seat of quite a large mercantile and 
mechanical business. Carriage manufacturing is carried on to a large 
extent, and has won a wide reputation lor the place. Kellogg's Woolen 
Mill, near by, employs many hands. There are also flouring-mills, 
sawmills, machine-shops, etc. 

Under the hills, at the south end of the lake, is Glen Haven village, 
a quiet summer resort reached by steamer. From eight to nine miles 
south-east of Skaneateles village is Amber, a romantically-situated 
hamlet at the foot of Otisco Lake, a placid and sequestered body of 
water four miles in length, in a deep valley bordered by hills 1,700 feet 
high. 

From Skaneateles Junction, on our way to Rochester, the first station 
is Sennett, a small way-station, and five miles beyond is — 

96 



NEW YOKK CENTRAL RAILIJOAD. 

AUBURN, Cayuga County. New York, 174 miles from All)any, a 
handsome city of ^5.000 inhabitants, and the capital of Cayuga County. 

It IS picturesquely situated in the midst of a rich farming country, 
and occupies a portion of both sides of Ovvasco Outlet, which, having a 
descent of liO feet, supplies abundance of water-power. Streets are 
wide, and well furnished with stores of all kinds. The siteof IIk; town 
is somewhat uneven, and the streets deviate from a rectangular plan. 
The principal public buildings and stores are on Genesee Street. 

There are several extensive manufactories, including woolen goods, 
flour, paper, and machinery. xYuburn Theological Seminary was 
founded in 18"21 (Presbyterian), with a library of six thousand volumes; 
tlie building occupies a commanding site in the north part of the city. 
The Auburn State Prison is well known by its peculiar system of prison 
discipline ; the building is a costly stone one, enclosed by a wall measur- 
ing 500 feet on each side, and about 30 feet high. The convicts some- 
times exceed 800 ; they are employed in various manufactures, the 
proceeds of which are nearly sufficient to support the establishment. 

The Cayuga Orphan Asylum is supported by State and county. The 
asylum for lunatic orphans occupies ten acres of ground. The ceme- 
tery, called Fort Hill, is located upon an eminence of historic interest. 
Tradition says that the eminence was the work of a race of beings who 
preceded the Indians in the habitation of this country, thought to be 
of the same family as the Aztecs of South America, and were called 
by their conquerors, the Indians, " Mound Builders." It was erected 
for a defense. 

Auburn is also well known as the residence for nearly half a century 
of William Henry Seward, who was Secretary of State under Presi- 
dent Lincoln through the troublous times of the civil war, 1861-5. 
Connection is made here with the Southern Central Division of the 
Lehigh Valley R.R., and Ithaca, Auburn & Western railroads. 

AURELIUS Station is passed eleven miles west of Auburn. 

CAYUGA, Aurelius, Cayuga County, New York, 185 miles from 
Albany, located upon Cayuga Lake, two miles south of the outlet. 
The lake is here crossed by a railroad bridge, a mile and fifty yards 
long and 22 feet in width, which cost $150,000. Steamboats run daily 
to Ithaca. Connection is made with Aurora and Ithaca by rail, ana 
steamers also ply upon the lake between Cayuga and Ithaca. 

97 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

SENECA FALLS, Seneca? Falls, Seneca County, New York, 190 
miles from Albany, a bustling and prosperous manufacturing town, 
with a population of over 8,000. It is situated upon the banks of 
Seneca River and the outlet of Seneca Lake. The river is about four- 
teen miles long, and has here a fall of fifty feet, which furnishes con- 
siderable water power. The Cayuga & Senocn Canal passes through 
the village. The principal articles produced are flour, cotton goods, 
machinery, paper, window sashes, and farming implements. It was in 
this township that Mrs. Amelia Bloomer first introduced the dress 
reform, and the style of dress that takes her name. The scene of 
Bayard Taylor's "Hannah Thurston " is laid in this vicinity. 

To the north of Seneca Palls is Tyre, whose surface is divided be- 
tween long drift-ridges and the low Montezuma marshes. 

WATERLOO, Waterloo, Seneca County, New York, 193 miles 
from Albany; a prosperous manufacturing village, with a population 
of 4,000. The village has wide streets, shaded by large trees, and is a 
desirable place of residence. It has several important manufactories, 
including knitting-mills and shawl and carpet factories. A part of 
Waterloo is in each of the townships of Waterloo and Fayette. It is 
situated on the Seneca River, and is a station on the Seneca Canal. 
The public buildings include a beautiful court house and academy, 
Catholic and Protestant churches, a bank, public halls, and several 
hotels. There are a number of foundries, machine shops, flouring and 
grist mills. It is an important depot of lumber from the southwestern 
counties, and of coal from the Susquehanna and Blossburgh mines. 
Six miles beyond, the train passes along the foot of Seneca Lake. 

GENEVA, Seneca, Ontario County, New York, 200 miles from 
Albany. This village is beautifully situated on the northern end of 
Seneca Lake, and is handsomely built on the western shore of the lake, 
the banks of which slope upward to the height of 100 feet, and join, 
at this elevation, the terraced gardens of many of the residences. The 
country about is fertile and picturesque. A short distance from this 
place is another monument of the " mound-builders." 

Geneva enjoys a large local trade, the stores being ranged chiefly 
along the wide, main street beside the lake, and upon several bisecting 
streets. Many handsome houses, the property of affluent citizens, 
occupy higher ground out upon the lake, further to the south. A mile 

98 



SENECA LAKE 

STEAM NAVIGATION CO., Limited. 




TOURISTS POPULAR ROUTK 

BKTUEEN 

"WATKIITS GliEIT, 

LOINGJ- F»OI]NT (where are located the Long 
Point Hotel and Pavilion), 

GENEVA and NIAGARA FALLS. 

SIX TBIPS DAILY DURING THE 

EXCURSION SEASON. 

Close connections at GENEVA with N. Y. C. & H. R. and L. V. 
R. Rs., at WATKINS with N. C. Ry. 

MEALS ON STEAMERS. FREE TRANSFER OF BAGGAGE. 

W. B. DUNNING, General Manager. 

GENEVA, IV. Y. 




JEFFERSON HOUSE, WATKINS GLEN, N. Y. 

/>. ». a:- G. W. J.OVJ:, l'roi>rietor.s. 

Only fire-proof hotel in the jjlace. It is newly refitted and refurnished and has 
running spring water. Free "Bus to and from all trains and boats. 

KiRST Class in Every Respect. 

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History of United States. 

PKECEDEU BT A NARRATIVE OF 

THE DISCOVERY AND SETTLEMENT OF NORTH AMERICA, 

A)i(l of the Events which led to the Independence of the 13 Enfjlish Colonics. 

By HORACE E. SCUDDER. 
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The leading characteristics of this esceUent work are : 

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'• Will both interest and profit oiir young folks." ■• The most useful and enjoyable 
school history." " Simple, accurate, inter sting, ;ind imjiartial. ' 

TAINTOR BROTHERS &l CO., Publishers, 18 Astor Place, New York. 



Fifth.— Eighty Beautiful Illustra- 
tions by eminent artists. Also Superb 
Portraits of the following representa- 
tive men: Columbus, the Discoverer; 
Penn the Founder; Franklin, the Philos- 
opher; Washington the Patriot; Web- 
ster, tiie Statesman, Longfellow, the 
Poet ; engraved by Closson, Johnson, 
and Kruell, with fifty other Portraits. 

Sixth. — Superior Mechanical Exe- 
cution, and Low Price. 



N'KW VOKK (EXTUAL RAILROAD. 

and a h;ilf iKirlhwcsl of the villag-c is a plot ol' ground called "Old 
Castle." It t'Oiitaius an Indian buiying-ground, and in giving up the 
country the Indians stipulated that these i'ew sacred acres should 
never be plowed. This jilcdge has not been violated. The Episco- 
pal Church is a tine ediiiee, costing ^^ 25,000. Here, on a bluff over- 
looking the lake, is Hobart College, founded in 1823, and under the 
care of the Episcopalians. It has a niedicai department. The college 
property is valued at $160,000. 

A powerful sulphur spring has recently been discovered at Geneva. 
Connection is made with the Fall Brook Coal Company's system of 
railroads, reaching VVatkins, Penn Yan, Corning, and Williainsport. 
Hei-e, too, tourists and others can leave for Ithaca via the Lehigh 
Valley Railroad. Steamboats ply daily between Geneva and Ithaca. 

Passing Oaks Corners and Phelps, formerly Vienna, after a run of 
twelve miles, we arrive at — 

CLIFTON SPRINGS, Manchester, Ontario County, New York. 
212 miles from Albany. Here is a thriving village; several mineral 
springs here draw thousands of health and pleasure seekers to the town 
annually. Dr. Foster's Sanitarium, capable of accommodating two 
hundred and fifty guests, is a well-known and largely patronized insti- 
tution. The doctor's skill and the virtues of the waters make these 
springs fountains of health. The water here abounds in the sulphates 
of lime and magnesia, and its use internally and externally is followed 
liy the happiest results. 

Continuing our journey, and passing the hamlets of Shortsville and 
Chapinville, the train stops at the beautiful village of — 

CANANDAIGUA, Canandaigua, Ontario County, New York, 223 
miles from Albany. This name is a corruption of " Gan-a-dar-gue," 
a chosen spot named by the Seneca Indians. The village is on the out- 
let of Canandaigua Lake, and is the county seat. Population about 
6.000. It is distinguished for the picturesque beauty of its situation, 
and the elegance of its buildings. The -iiew down Main Street, ending 
in the lake, has a peculiar charm. Besides the county buildings, it has 
several churches, a State arsenal, and an academy. There is here also 
a private asylum for the insane. In a room of the court house are the 
portraits of many of the most distinguished pioneers and most impor- 
tant men of the country. 

99 



NEW YORK CEXTRAL RAILROAD. 

Brigham Young once resided liere; and at Fayette, in the adjoining 
county of Seneca, the iirst Mormon society was formed in 1830, three 
years after the pretended unearthing of the golden plates. 

Besides its railroad connections with the N. Y. Central and the 
Northern Central railroads, it enjoys the use of two steamers on the 
lake plying between Canandaigua and the head of the lake, and stopping 
at the various charming resorts on the shores. 

The lake that bears the name of the town is 15 miles long, 1 mile 
wide, 668 feet above tidewater, and 437 feet above fiuke Ontario, into 
which it is emptied by the Clyde and Seneca rivers. 

One mile east of Canandaigua, on a symmetrical hill, are the 
remains of the round fort which was held sacred by the Senecas as the 
place of their origin. Eight miles northwest is the fortress which 
was destroyed in 1687 by Hurons and several French regiments. The 
American army of General Sullivan destroyed the Senecas' town at 
Canandaigua in 1779, then proceeded on in a southwesterly direction, 
sacked and burned Honeoye and Conesus, drove the Indians before them 
at Conesus Lake, and destroyed Genesee Castle and town. This army 
was the means of razing at least forty Indian villages, and rendering 
useless 160,000 bushels of corn in the fields or granaries. A ride of 
ten miles through a fertile section of country, passing on our way 
Paddleford, Farmington, and West Farmington, brings us to — 

VICTOR, Victor, Ontario County, New York, 233 miles from 
Albany, the site of an old battle-ground. In 1687 the Governor of 
Canada, with 1,600 soldiers and 400 Indians, met and defeated a hos- 
tile tribe, burned their village and several surrounding villages. The 
Senecas, in return, the following year, slaughtered one thousand of the 
conquerors, and took twenty-six prisoners, whom they tortured to 
death. 

Between Victor and Rochester, a distance of eighteen miles, we pass 
Fisher's, Pittsford, Bryton, and East Rochester. Rochester, our des- 
tination by this route, is described on page 93. 



100 



NEW YORK C'EXTUAL IIAILKOAI). 

ROCHESTER AND CHARLOTTE BRANCH. 

The Rochcslor & Charlotte bnuieh, Western Division of the New 
York Centnil & Huilson River Railroad, runs from Rochester depot to 
Ontario Beach. The stations im route are Center I'ark, Ames 
Street, Otis, Driving Park, Barnard's Crossing, Double Track Junc- 
tion, Roberts' Dock, Yates' Dock, Charlotte — described on page 122 
and the Rome, Watertovvn & Ogdensburg Railroad Crossing. 

ONTARIO BEACH, Charlotte, 7 miles from Rochester, and the 
terminus of this branch, is an attractive summer resort. The sur- 
rounding country is as fertile as a garden, and a ride or walk in the 
vicinity presents scenes of beauty and varied color that none can fail 
to admire and enjoy. The village itself, with its well-shaded streets, 
tasteful houses, and public-spirited citizens, makes an ideal summer 
home. 

Directly upon the shore of the lake, about a half-mile distant from 
the village, is the Hotel Ontai-io, erected in 1884. There are ample 
facilities for bowling, billiards, boating, fishing, dancing, and other 
amusements. The trains of the New York Central, after making a 
detour about the grounds, stop in front of the main entrance. 

ROCHESTER TO BUFFALO AND NIAGARA PALLS. 

Niagara Falls may be reached from Rochester by either the "Falls " 
Division or the Buffalo route. The distance from Rochester to Buffalo 
by the main line is sixty-nine miles. Passing in succession the stations 
and villages of Coldwater, Chili, Churchville, Bergen, and Byron, we 
reach — 

BATAVIA, Batavia, Genesee County, New York, 32 miles from 
Rochester, 261 miles from Albany, which is delightfully situated in 
one of the richest and most fertile sections of the State. It is a town 
of 8,000 inhabitants, the capital of Genesee County, and is noted for 
its broad and handsome streets, beautiful shade-trees, and pleasant 
drives. Here is located the State institution for the blind, a ladies' 
seminary, and several manufactories. The surrounding district origi- 
nally belonged to Massachusetts, and afterwards passed into the posses- 
sion of Robert Morris and the Holland Land Company. This company 
opened roads, and disposed of their lands on liberal terms, until 

101 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

the county became well populated and prosperous. Batavia was 
founded in ISOO. Here the first meeting to advocate the construction 
of the Erie Canal was held in 18l)9. The abduction of Morgan, the 
alleged betrayer of the secrets of Freemasonry, took place here. He 
came to Batavia to write and print his book. He made no secret of 
this work, and soon an excitement was raised, during which, on the 
pretense of taking him to Canandaigua for trial for money loaned 
him, he was carried off, none knew where. Some say he was executed 
at the mouth of Niagara River. The publication went on under one 
Miller. A civil war arose, men armed with clubs met to demolish the 
office, but a cannon in the hands of the citizens kept them off until the 
book was publislied, when violence ceased. 

Connection is made at Batavia for all points on the Canandaigua, 
Batavia & Tonawanda branch, also the Batavia & Attica branch of the 
New York Central R.R., and the New York, Lake Erie & Western 
Railroad. 



The first station on the branch road to Attica is — 

ALEXANDER, eight miles from Batavia, which contains three 
churclies. 

ATTICA, in Wyoming County, 11 miles from Batavia, is situated 
on Tonawanda Creek. The Oak Orchard Acid Springs are situated 
about twelve miles northwest of Batavia, in the town of Alabama, on 
Oak Orchard Creek. These curious springs are nine iii number, all 
located within a circle fifty rods in diameter ; three of them issuing 
from a mound within ten feet from each other. In no two of them is 
the water alike. They are found, by analysis, to contain, besides other 
mineral substances, a quantity of free sulphuric acid. Large quanti- 
ties of the water are bottled and sold for medicinal purposes. 

Continuing on the main line to Buffalo from Batavia, we pass the 
village stations of West Batavia, Pembroke, Corfu, Crittenden, Wende, 
Looneyville, Grimesville, Forks, and East Bufl'alo, in running 35 miles 
through a fertile farming region. 

102 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 



BUFFALO, 

Erie County, New York, 298 miles froiri Albany, a large anil thriv- 
ing city, the capital of Erie County, with a popuhition of more 
than 200,000. It is located at the mouth of Buffalo Kivor, iit 
the foot of Lake Erie, and the head of Niagara River, whieli is hero 
crossed by an iron bridge. The city has a water front of about five 
miles, running two and a lialf miles along tlie shore of the lake, and 
two miles along Niagara River. '• The climate is pleasant and health- 
ful ; the streets are broad and generally lined with trees, and well 
paved, lighted, and supplied witli sewers. There are many fine resi- 
dences with attractive grounds, and numerous squares and public 
places. A combination of parks and pleasure-grounds has been laid 
out, extending over 500 acres. It comprises three sections, situated 
respectively in the northern, western, and eastern parts of the city, 
which, with the connecting boulevard, afford a drive of nearly ten 
miles." 

Buffalo is the western terminus of the Erie Canal. From its geo- 
graphical position it is at once the natural key to the commerce of the 
great lakes and the great Nortliwest, and also the artificial gate through 
which the boundless grain-fields of the West pour their treasures into 
Eastern markets. Next to New York city, Buffalo is the most impor- 
tant commercial city in the State. The French, who were its first visi- 
tors, named it "Buffle" — English, Buffalo — from the wild oxen which 
they saw in great droves around. In 181B, during the war with Great 
Britain, this place suffered greatly ; every house was destroyed, but 
one, which is still standing near the corner of Mohawk and Main 
streets. " The town was sacked and burned by the Royal Scots Regi- 
ment, on December 30, 1813. Fort Erie was captured in 1813 by the 
Americans, and again in 1814. After the heavy battles at Chippewa 
and Niagara Falls, the American army fell back to this point, and 
strengthened the defen.ses. The British army advanced to and besieged 
Fort Erie, and after a long cannonade made a determined night attack 
on several points. The assault on Towson's battery was repulsed by 
the 21st U. S regulars, after five successive charges, during which 
*.he British ranks were swept with canister." In 1815 buildings were 

103 



JTEVV YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

again erected, and in 1825 Congress voted $80,000 for the sufferers. 
The principal influence in producing the rapid growth of the city was 
exerted by the construction of the Erie Canal, completed in October, 
1825, which has its western terminus here. Prom the time when the 
quarrel between Buffalo and Black Rock, as to which should have the 
terminus, was decided in favor of Buffalo, to the present, it has been 
rapirlly increasing in size and importance. 

Buffalo Harbor, formed by the great Buffalo Creek, was, before the 
construction of the Erie Canal, obstructed by the washing in of sand 
from the lake ; but by the energy and enterprise of the citizens a pier or 
breakwater was, after several failures, extended so far out into the lake 
as to control its " wash," and to enable the spring freshets in the creek 
to scour out the deposits, and maintain a deep and lasting channel. 
It was this success that decided the location, at this place, of the canal 
terminus. A continuous iine of wharves extends along Buffalo Creek. 

The Erie Basin, just north of Buffalo Creek, is protected by a break- 
water from the lake storms; and the Ohio Basin, a little more than a 
mile up the creek, contains ten acres of sufficient depth to float the 
largest lake vessels. The Blackwell ship-canal extends more than a 
mile between Buffalo Creek and the lake, and is connected with the 
creek, the basins, and the Erie Canal, by numerous slips. At the end 
of the pier, which extends 1,500 feet into the lake, is a lighthouse, 
strongly built of stone and iron, and furnished with a first-class Fresnel 
dioptric light. The city is about sixty feet above the level of the lake, 
and the ground rises gradually as it recedes fi'om the harbor. The 
more elevated portions afford fine views of the city, Niagara River, 
Lake Erie, and the Canada shore. 

The business portion of the city is near the lake and river. Wharves, 
elevators, and extensive warehouses line the harbor; the largest of the 
latter is that of the Central Railroad, u.sed exclusively for its own con- 
signments. At the back of these immense buildings flows the Erie 
canal, with only narrow towpaths between its waters and the lofty 
warehouses. The number of vessels continually arriving and departing 
from this port is very great. Business is greatly facilitated by the 
elevators. There are twenty-two of these, which have an aggregate 
transfer power of 82,000 bushels per hour, and a warehouse capacity 
of 4,415,000 bushels. They were erected at a cost of 11,000,000. By 
the promptitude of their action fleets have been unloaded and enabled 

. 104 



\ !;\\' Y(»I(K ( KNTIiAl, IiA I IJiOA I>. 

to leave (he iiarl)or iti lliirty-six liours after arrival. (Jreat miml)ers 
of cattle I'rotn the West are ship|)eil from Buffalo both liy water and 
by rail. 

Manufactures. The inanufaetiires of BiitFalo have already attained 
considerable magnitude. There are twenty establishments engaged in 
manufacturing iron, whicli employ 3,000 j)ersons. The most impor- 
tant are those of the Union Iron Co.. which has three blasting-furnaces, 
using 50.000 tons of iron ore and 50,000 tons of coal, — the Fletcher 
Furnace making upwards of 9,000 tons of pig-iron annually. Pratt & 
Co.'s iron and nail numufaetory, turning out 41 tons per day; the 
Shephard Iron Works, Buffalo Stcam-Eiigine and Iron Shipbuilding 
\\'orks, and the Eagle Iron Works. The Niagara & Buffalo Steam 
Forge Works manufacture anchors and car-axles. There are ten flour- 
ing-mills that annually manufacture from :55.),r'.0!) to 45;), 000 barrels. 
Among other manufactures are establishments for leather work, agri- 
cultural implements, distilled spirits, and cement. 

Shipbuilding is also extensively carried on. There are, besides, eleven 
establishments for the refining of " petroleum," capable of producing 
70,000 barrels per annum. 

Public Buildings. — Among the principal public buildings is a large 
and handsome edifice at the corner of Seneca and Washington streets, 
in which is conducted the business of the post-office, the custom house, 
and the United States courts. It was constructed by the Federal 
Government at a cost of $140,00f). The old and new court-houses, the 
former of which faces Lafayette Park on Main Street, are fine build- 
ings The United States Arsenal is in Batavia Street. There are also 
several admirably built markets in different parts of the city. The 
City \A'ater Works Co. have constructed a reservoir on Niagara Street, 
eighty feet above the level of the lake, capable of containing nearly 14,- 
)0,000 gallons. Powerful engines are erected on the banks of the 
river to supply the i-eservoirs, the aggregate cost amounting to $500,- 
000. 

There are about one hundred churches in Buffalo, many of which are 
spacious and handsome. The Roman Catholic Cathedral of St. Joseph is 
built entirely of stone, in an elegant and expensive style. It is without 
galleries, and at the back of the altar is a tripartite window of stained 
ghibs, liianufactured at Munich, representing the birth, crucifixion, and 

105 



NEW YOltK (lENTllAL 15 A Il.UOAT). 



ascension of the Saviour. The Protestant Episcopal Cliurch of St. Pau' 
is an imposing edifice, and has a chime of bells which cost ll.'SjOOO. 

The principal cemetery is Forest Lawn, about three miles from the 
city. It is a spacious and well-chosen location, somewhat undulating 
in surface, and is tastefully laid out. 

The public schools htive a high reputation. In the highest depart- 
ment a complete academic course is taught, excejiting the classics. 

Institutions, etc. — The benevolent institutions include the Church 
Charity Foundation, the Buffalo and St. Vincent Orphan asylums, the 
( ity Hospital, a Marine Hospital, founded in 18:^3, the Hospital of 
the Sisters of Charity, the Boatmen's Friend Society, Association for the 
Relief of the Poor, Buffalo Industrial School, Martha Industrial School, 
the Firemen's Benevolent Association, the Benevolent Society of the 
Evangelical Ijutheran St. John's Clinrch, the Soldier's Rest, the Mutual 
Benefit Catholic Temperance Society. the Buffalo City Dispensary. There 
are many Masonic lodges, and lodges of the Order of Odd Fellows. 

Besides these are the Medical Society of the County of Erie, the 
Buffalo Horticultural Society, and many other associations. The 
Young Men's Christian Association is a flourishing society, and has 
a fine building, with conveniently fitted rooms, containing a library of 
10,000 volumes. The German Young Men's Association has 2,000 
works, chiefly in German, The Medical College, on the corner of Main 
and A'^irginia streets, maintains the usual course of lectures. In the 
building of the Young Men's Association, besides their own I'ooras, are 
tlie rooms of the Society of Natural Sciences, the Buffalo Law Library, 
the Historical Society, and the Buffalo Fine Arts Gallery. 

Connection is here made with the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, 
and the Michigan Central Railroad for the West. A branch of tlic 
New York Central & Hudson River Railroad extends from Buffalo, 
along the Niagara River, to Niagara Falls, and thence to Lewiston. 

The Buffalo Belt Line, connected with the New York Central & 
Hudson River Railroad, starts from Exchange Street in that city, 
and forms the belt by means of tracks having stations at Terrace, 
Georgia Street, Porter Avenue, Water Works, Ferry Street, Clinton 
Avenue, Black Rock, Amherst Street, Austin Street, Cross Cut Junc- 
tion, Delaware Avenue, Villa Park, Main Street, Steele Street, Driving 
Park, Genesee Street. Broadway, William Street, and Seneca Street ; 
thence to the starting-points. 

m 






KEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

ROCHESTER TO NIAGARA PALLS. 

The trij) over the Ni.ignra Falls Division, the direct route from 
Rochester to Niagara, is made through a picturesque section of the 
State. Leaving the station at Rochester, tlie train runs west across the 
city, past the freight depot, crosses the Erie Canal, and traverses — 

GATES, Gates, Monroe County, New York, 23:5 miles from Albany. 
The town of Gates adjoins Rochester on the west, and contains the 
suburban residences of some of the leading men of the city and State. 
Ex-Judge Addison Gardiner, of the Court of Appeals, and Gen. John 
H. Martindale, Attorney-General of the State, and other distinguished 
men, resided in this town. The business of the town is mainly agri- 
cultural, and from its gardens and orchards the markets of Rochester 
receive large supplies. 

SPENCERPORT, Ogden, Monroe County, New York, 2o8 miles 
from Albany. This place derives its name from William Spencer, the 
pioneer settler. It is surrounded by a fine wheat-growing country, and 
contains four churclies, a furnace, tannery, grist and saw-mills, and a 
population of 601). 

ADAM'S BASIN, a canal village, is passed; and we reach^ 

BROCKPORT, Sweden, Monroe County, New York, 245 miles from 
Albany, "' beautifully situated in the midst of a country teeming with 
abundant harvests, and inhabited by a prosperous and contented popu- 
lation;"' the seat of a large normal school. The normal scliool build- 
ing is built of red Medina sandstone, and is 400 feet long and four 
stories in height. Brockport is a busy town, and contains ample 
church and school accommodations. There are a number of mills and 
factories in Brockport, including shoe factories and manufactories of 
reapers, mowers and binders. 

Crossing the Sandy Creek ravine, we arrive at Ilolley, near which 
are two sulphur and several salt springs. Still proceeding westward, 
we soon reacli Murray, and then — 

ALBION, Barre. Orleans County, New York, 259 miles from 
Albany, the capital of Orleans ("ounty, attractively laid out with wide 
streets, shaded by large trees, and containing many handsome resi- 
dences. It contains a court house, erected in the center of the park, at 
a cost of $20,000. Albion is quite a busy and prosperous place. 

107 



NEW YORK CENTRA 1> RAILROAD. 

The Tonawanda Swamp begins about five miles south of Albion; ' 
and the lake ridge, about three miles north, is about 165 feet above the 
lake, and marks its ancient shore-line. It is many leagues in length, 
and is from 100 to 300 feet wide at the top, along which runs the old 
highway. Eagle Harbor and Knowlesville are villages on the way to — 

MEDINA, Ridgeway and Shelby, Orleans County, 268 miles from 
Albany. This village, on Orchard Creek, where it is crossed by the 
Erie Canal, contains several fiouring-mills and stores, five churches, 
an academy, and a national bank. Prom quarries worked in the vil- 
lage is extracted the Medina sandstone, excellent for paving purposes. 
There are several salt springs in the vicinity. It has a population of 
3,500. 

MIDDLEPORT, Royalto, Niagara County, New York, 273 miles 
from Albany. This place contains five churches, fourteen stores, a 
furnace, steam stave-mill, one saw-mill, and two flouring-mills. Pop- 
ulation, about lj200. 

GASPORT, Royalto, Niagara County, New York, 278 miles from 
Albany. Derives its name from a curious spring, which emits an in- 
flammable hydrocarbon gas, or vapor. An enterprising storekeeper 
has succeeded in converting this vapor to a useful purpose by lighting 
his store with it. The place contains a church, an academy, and 300 
inhabitants. 

IjOCKPORT, Lockport, Niagara Cbunty, New York, 284 miles from 
Albany, a city of nearly 20,000 inhabitants. At this point the rail- 
road crosses the Erie Canal by a bridge 500 feet long and 60 feet in 
height. The canal falls 60 feet in a short distance and has five combined 
double locks. Its surplus water is distributed, through a hydraulic 
canal three fourths of a mile long, to the various manufactories of the 
city. This immense water power is the chief source of the city's 
prosperity. 

Fine limestone and sandstone flaggings and building-materials are 
quarried here, affording employment to several hundred men. One 
stratum of the limestone is filled with fossils, and when polished presents 
a singular and beautiful appearance. It is used for ornamental pur- 
poses. Lockport has flouring-mills, saw-mills, iron foundries, cotton 
and woolen factories, a stave and shingle factory, a plow manufac- 
tory, a distillery, a plaster-mill and many stores. 

108 



Xi:\V YORK CKN'TUAL liAlLKOAn. 

LOCKPORT TO BUFFALO. 

A bninch of tlio New York Cent nil & Hudson Rivor Railroad runs 
between Lockport and liuffalo, a distanec of 26 miles. The stations 
and viiiai^es on this line are West Loekport, Lockport Junction, Maple- 
ton, Hall's Station, Sawyer's Creek, North Tonawanda, Tonawanda, 
North Buffalo, and three othea- stations within the limits of Buffalo 
city, before the Union Depot in that city is reached. 

Snuill stations on the main line following Lockport are West Loek- 
jiort, Lockjtort Junction, and Sanborn. We then come to — 

SUSPENSION BRIDGE, a port of entry on the Niagara River, 
and described on page 113 

CANANDAIGUA TO BUFFALO AND NIAGARA. 

This line, the Canandaigna, Batavia & Tonawanda branch of the 
New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, runs west across an open 
farming country. Wheeler's, East Bloomfield, Miller's Corner, West 
Bloomfield, one and a half miles from the village of that name, 
Honeoye Falls, a busy manufacturing town on Honeoye Creek, and 
West Rush, are the stations thus far in their order. 

Beyond West Rush the line crosses the Rochester Division of the 
Erie Railroad, the Genesee River, and the Genesee Valley Canal. There 
are stopping-places at the Genesee Valley Canal and Buffalo, Rochester 
& Pittsburg junctions, and at Caledonia the Attica Division of the Erie 
Railroad is approached and it runs parallel with the present route to 
Batavia. At — 

liE ROY, Genesee County, New York, a village on Oatka Creek, is 
Ingham University, a school for young ladies, and the Staunton Con- 
servatory, a massive stone building, containing a lai-ge collection of 
minerals and South American curiosities, with a collection of paintings. 

Before arriving at Batavia, described on page 101, we pass Stafford ; 
and the stations between Batavia and Niagara Falls are Pierson's, East 
Pembi-oke, Richville, Falkirk, Akron, East Clarence, Clarence Centre, 
Transit, Getzville, Tonawanda, and North Tonawanda. 

109 



NEW YOIiK (KXTItAL 1{ A I LltOAD. 



NIAGARA FA L 1.8, 

Niagara County, New York, 30.") miles from Alljany, 21 miles from 
Buffalo. 'I"he Palls of Niagara, the grandest specimen of nature's 
handiwork on the continent, are equally magnificent at all seasons and 
under all circumstances. Whether viewed by sunlight, or moonlight, 
or the dazzling glare of electricity, their wonderful proportions are 
always sublime. The whirling floods, the unvarying thunderous roar, 
the vast sheets of spray and mist that are caught in their liquid 
depths by sunbeams, and formed into radiant rainbows, as if homage 
was paid by the skies to creation's greatest cataract. 

The Niagara River, extending from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, a 
distance of thirty miles, has a total fall of 384 feet ; the greater part 
of the descent is confined to a distance of seven or eight miles, within 
which space are the grandest rapids and falls in the world. The rapids 
are so strong two miles above the falls as to entirely prevent naviga- 
tion. There are three distinct cataracts. The Horseshoe Pall, so 
called from its crescent shape, is by far the largest, and is in the direct 
course of the river ; it is 2,000 feet wide and 154 feet high. 

The American Pall is 669 feet wide, and the Central Fall 243 feet, 
each having a fall of 163 feet. The two latter are separate from each 
other, and from the former, by Goat Island. 

The aggregate width of descending water is thus 2,900 feet, and the 
flow is unceasing and nearly uniform in amount througliout the year. 
The amount of water discharged is computed to be 100,000,000 tons 
per hour. More water passes in these fearful torrents in seven seconds 
than is conveyed through Croton Aqueduct in twenty-four hours. At 
the Horseshoe Fall the concussion of the falling waters with those in 
the depths below occasions a spray that veils the catai'act two thirds up 
its height. 

Above this impenetrable foam, to the height of fifty feet above the 
fall, a cloud of light spray rises, which, when the sun shines upon it 
in the proper direction, displays magnificent solar rainbows. 

Charles Dickens describes liis first impression of Niagara Palls in the 
following characteristic style : 

•• I hardly know how I got down, but I was soon at the bottom, and 

no 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

olimbing over some broken rocks, deafened by the noise, half blinded 
by the spray, and wet to the skin. We were at the foot of the Ameri- 
can Falls. I could see an immense torrent of water tearing headlong- 
down from some great height, but had no idea of shape or situation, or 
anything but vague immensity. When we were seated in the little 
ferry-boat and were crossing the swollen river immedijitely before 
both ciitaraets, T began to feel what it was; but I was in a measure 
stunned, and unable to comprehend the vastness of the scene. It was 
not until I came on Table Ro(!k and looked — Great Heaven! on what a 
fall of bright green water ! — that it came upon me in its full might 
and majesty. Tlien, when I felt how near to my Creator I was stand- 
ing, the first effect and the enduring one — instant and lasting — of the 
tremendous spectacle, was Peace. Peace of mind, tranquillity, calm 
recollections of the dead, great thoughts of eternal rest and happiness ; 
nothing of gloom and terror. Niagara was at once stamped upon my 
heart, an image of beauty, to remain there changeless and indcilible 
until its pulses cease to beat forever." 

No just or adequate impression can be conveyed by language of the 
grandeur and sublimity of Niagara. The artist's pencil alone can give 
a faint conception of the scene, but even this is inadequate to express 
intelligently the charm of perpetual changing which absorbs the spec- 
tator. 

GOAT ISLAND is midway between the American and Canada 
shores, in the midst of these boiling waters, and divides the American 
and Horseshoe Falls. It is separated from Bath by a narrow stream, 
and the latter island is connected with the American shore by a wooden 
bridge, 700 feet long, over the wildest [)art of the rapids. It is said the 
first white person who ventured to cross the rapids at Goat Island was 
Israel Putnam, in 1755. 

On the shore of the island, and beneath the smaller of the American 
Falls, is the Cave of the Winds, a cavern formed by the decay of the 
softer substratum rock, whilst the hai'd superincumbent limestone still 
forms the roof. In front of the cave the center fall descends, 240 feel 
in width, and compresses the air to such a degree that a fearful din 
continually reigns within the watery cavern, which is heightened by 
the foaming spray, which rushes along the stony floor, mounts up the 
darkened sides, spreads over the roof, and thence descends in continued 

111 




1 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

drenching showers. Luna Island and the Three Sisters should be 
visited, as each has peculiar attractions. 

The first white visitor looked upon the falls in 1640. The Cat Indians, 
who dwelt near it, endeavored to propitiate the spirit of its waters by 
annually sacrificing a human victim at its shrine. The most beautiful 
Indian maiden was selected for this honor. In the presence of a great 
assemblage she was placed in a white canoe, with the finest fruits and 
flowers, and the fragile bark, pushed out into the stream, carried her 
over this awful portal to eternity. 

The Niagara River, below these stupendou < falls, rushes through a 
deep cliasm of 200 feet in height. Three miles below the falls is the 
Whirlpool. Just here tlie scenery is wild and somber, and the banks of 
the river are steep. It is caused by the abrupt turn of the river at this 
point, the waters of which rush with such violence against the cliff on 
the Canadian side as to occasion a severe reaction and rotary motion, 
drawing everything that flows down the river within the vortex; below 
the Whirlpool is another series of rapids. The most comprehensive view 
of the falls is obtained from the Canada side, where the descending 
water of the three falls can be seen at the same time. The river is 
crossed just below the falls by a magnificent suspension bridge for car- 
riages and foot passengers. A ferry at the foot of the American Falls 
also transports foot passengers over the raging river. 

In 1885 the Legislature of the State of New York passed a law pro- 
viding for the purchase of the property around Niagara Falls, and the 
establishment of the Niagara Park, owned and controlled by the State 
of New York through a State Commission. Thus the greatest of 
American wonders is to be preserved for the free enjoyment of the 
American people and tourists who visit the grandest and most sublime 
waterfall of the known world. No charge for admission to any pai't 
of the Park is permitted, and all obstructions to an uninterrupted view 
of these marvels of natiire are removed. The grounds are being suit- 
ably arranged and beautified. 

The railroad connections at Niagara Falls are as follows, viz. : 

To the West via Suspension Bridge and Canada, by the Michigan 
Central R.R., Grand Trunk Railway, and via Buffalo, by the Lake 
Shore & Michigan Southern R.R., and New York, f'hicago & St. Louis 
R.R. (Nickel Plate), Buffalo, New York & Philadelphia R.R., and the 
Buffalo & Pittsburg R.R. 

112 




KTAGAllA FALLS, 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

To the East via Rome. Watertown & Ogdensburg li.R., New York 
Central & Hudson River R.R., New York, West Shore & Buffalo R.R., 
Delaware, Lackawanna & W^estern R.R., Lehigh Valley R.R., New 
York, Lake Erie & Western R.R. 

The steamboat connections are via Lewiston, N. Y., with the steam- 
ers of the Richelieu & Ontario Steam Navigation Co. to Toronto, and 
through Lake Ontario and down the St. Lawrence River to Montreal 
and Quebec. Passengers have the choice to go to points in eastern Canada 
from Toronto by the Grand Trunk Railway, or by Richelieu and Ontario 
Navigation Co.'s steamers, on the tickets of the steamer line. 

From Buffalo steamers run westward through Lakes Erie, Huron, 
Michigan and Superior. 

SUSPENSION BRIDGE, Niagara County, New York, 303 miles 
from Albany, an incorporated village of 2,000 inliabitants, situated on 
Niagara River, two miles below the cataract, of which it commands a 
fine view. The International Suspension Bridge crosses the river at 
this point, and connects the Canada railway.s with those of the States. 
The length of the bridge is 800 feet ; height above the water, 2;)0 feet ; 
width, 24 feet; supported by four wire cables 9^ inches in diameter, 
and has a sustaining capacity of 12,400 tons. The towers are 88 feet 
on the American side, and 78 on the Canadian. Its total weight is 800 
tons, and its cost $400,000. There are two floors, the upper for the 
railroad track, and the lower for wagons. It was commenced in 1854, 
John A. Roebling, of Trenton, New Jersey, being the engineer. The 
east end of the bridge commands a fine view of the river above up to 
the Falls, and of the rapids under and below the bridge, for three- 
quarters of a mile to the Whirlpool. The water of these rapids 
runs at the rate of 25 miles per hour, with breakers dashing from 10 
to 20 feet in height. When seen from the shore, they present one 
of the grandest sights of the kind seen in the world, and the tour- 
ist has not seen all of Niagara until he has stood on the shore, 150 
rods below the bridge. Deveaux College is a charitable institution 
under Episcopal management, and was established by the munificence 
of Hon. Samuel Deveaux, who bequeathed property amounting to 
upward of $200,000 in value for that purpose. The building was 
erected in 1855-56. The village contains several hotels, of which the 
Monteagle is the largest and best. 

113 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

PROSPECT PARK, twelve acres in extent, adjoins the American 
Fall, with a frontage of several hundred feet along the gorge. Descent 
to the water's edge can be made by means of an inclined railway. It 
may be useful to know what it is necessary to pay in the way of fees 
etc., during a visit to the sights in this vicinity: — 

Goat Island — Guide and suit to go through "Cave of the 

Winds " |1 00 

Prospect Park — Down and up the inclined railway (each way). . 10 
Prospect Park — Round trip on "Maid of the Mist," including 

rubber suit 50 

New Bridge — Niagara Falls to Canada and return — each person 

(carriage 25 cents) 25 

Museum— On Canada side near the Falls 50 

Under Horseshoe Falls -Canada side — guide and suit 1 00 

Burning Springs 50 

Old Suspcsnsion Bridge — over and return 25 

Whirlpool Rapids and Park — inclined railway, Canada ::ide. . . . 50 

Whirlpool Rapids and Park — Elevator, American side 50 

Whirlpool — Stairs, American side 50 

Whirlpool — Inclined railway, Canada side 50 

Niagara Falls to Suspension Bridge, street car, over old bridge, 

in Whirlpool Rapids Park (Canada side), return same way 55 

If each is paid separately 85 

Niagara Falls to Suspension Bridge, street car, walk to Buttery's 

Uhirlpool Rapids, elevator, return same way 40 

If each is paid separately 60 

Niagara Falls to Suspension Bridge, street ear, transfer from 

Suspension Bridge to old Whirlpool (American side), and 

return 55 

If each is paid separately 85 

Hack hire — regular rate, per hour 1 50 

Hack hire to take in all places of interest for party of four (4) or 

more in each hack, each 1 00 

No charge is made for entrance to the park. 

The small steamer "'Maid of the Mist " makes regular trips to the 
foot of the Falls, affording advantageous views of the cataract. 

114 



NEW YORK CP:NTRAL RAILROAD. 

BUFFALO TO NIAGARA FALLS, SUSPENSION BRIDGE, AND 
LEWISTON. 

One of the routes traversed by the New York Central & Iludson 
River Railroad is from Union Dejiot, Buffalo, to Lcwiston, via 'Pona- 
wauda. After leaving the depot, and passing Buffalo Terrace, Ferry- 
Street, Black River, and North Buffalo we reach — 

TONAWANDA, Tonavvanda, Erie County, New York, 11 miles 
from llutlalo. Tliis place is at the confluence of the Niagara River and 
Touawanda Creek, and lies partly in Niagara County. The Canandaigua 
& Niagara Falls branch of the Central Railroad terminates here, as 
does also the branch extending to Lockport. The village contains 
several churches, a number of manufacturing establisliments, also an 
iron foundry and machine works, saw-mills, shingle-mills, a planing- 
mill, and a population exceeding 3,000. It has a good harbor, and 
store-room for 350,000 bushels. Much lumber received from Canada is 
sa,wed and reshipped. 

Beyond NORTH TONAWANDA, and GRATURCK, on the same 
line, is — 

LA SALLiE, Niagara, Niagara County, New York, 5 miles above 
Niagara Falls. At this port was built, two centuries ago, the first ves- 
sel that ever navigated the waters of Lake Erie ; she was sixty tons 
bui-den. Salvos were fired at its launch, and a Te Deum was sung. 

Niagara Falls and Suspension Bridge are described on page 110. 

LEWISTON, Lewiston, Niagara County, New Y^ork. 7 miles from 
Niagara Falls, at the north base of the mountain range through which, 
according to Lyell, the Niagara has cut its way during the past thirty- 
five thousand years. This village is at the head of the luivigation of 
Lake Ontario. It contains four churches and about 1,200 inhabitants. 
The R., W. & 0. R. R. connects here with the New Y''ork Central & 
Hudson River Railroad. During the summer steamboats ply daily 
between Lewiston and ports on Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence 
Rivei', reaching Montreal in twenty-seven hours. It is a place of active 
trade. Besides the county buildings, it contains an academy and 
numerous stores. In 1813 the tavern at Lewiston was conducted by 
Mr. and Mrs. Hastier, the former of whom is said to have been '"Ser- 
geant Hollister," and his wife the "Betty Flannagan" of Cooper's 

115 



NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

"Spy." River View, two iiiilos from I,ewiston, is at the summit, 
where a fine view of the Niagara River and the Canadian shore may 
be obtained. Opposite may be seen the splendid monument erected 
to the memory of the gallant General Brock, who was killed at Queens- 
ton in the war of 1812. A fine suspension bridge, 60 feet in height, 
and having a span of 1,045 feet, was built from Lewiston to (jueens- 
lon in 1850, but this was subsequently capsized during a heavy gale 
and has been replaced. 

The Tuscarora Reservation is three miles east of this place, and still 
gives inhabitation and sustenance to several hundreds of the tribe. 
The Tuscai'oras were driven by hostile tribes from their home in North 
Carolina in 1712 and migrated to New York, where they Joined tlie 
Iroquois confederation, afterward known as the Six Nations. 

116 



ROME. \VATERTOW]sr & OGDENSBURG RAILROAD. 

THE HOMK. WATERTOWN & OGDENSBURG RAILROAD 

is tlie cliief connectine^ railway between Western and Central New York 
and Northern New York and Canada. Beginning at its western ter- 
minus, Niagara Falls, it runs northwesterly to Suspension Bridge and 
Lewist-on, and thence easterly along the southern shore of Lake 
Ontario to Charlotte, Windsor Beach, Oswego, Richland, Watertown. 
The Thousand Islands. (Jgdensl)urg, and IVJassena Springs, opening up 
a rich and beautiful country along the shore of Lake Ontario and 
northern New York. With its various branches it touches many 
important cities and towns, including Niagara Falls, Rocliester, Oswego, 
Syracuse, Rome, Utica, Watertown, Ogdensburg. and many other large 
towns, and forms an important line connecting Niagara Falls and the 
West with Northern New York, Montreal, the Adirondacks, and the 
Green and White Mountain regions, and Canada. 

At Suspension Bridge, railroad connections are made with the Michi- 
gan Central and Grand Trunk Railways for Canada, Detroit, Chicago, 
and the West, and with the New York Central Railroad for Buffalo and 
points west via Lake Shore & Michigan Southern R. R. ; also with the 
New York, Lake Erie & Western R. R. 

At Lewiston, N. Y., it connects with steamers on Lake Ontario for 
Toronto and other points on the Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence 
River, and with the New York Central R. R. 

From Charlotte, N, Y., a branch of the R. W. & 0. R. R. runs to 
Rochester, where it connects with the New York Central and the 
Rocliester & Pittsburgh railroads, and New York, Lake Erie & Western 
for points south. Steamers run to points on Lake Ontario. 

At Sterling Junction it connects with the Southern Central Division 
of the Lehigli Valley Railway for Auburn, Elmira, Mauch Chunk, New 
York, and Philadelphia; at Wallington with the Sodus Bay and South- 
ern Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad for Clifton Springs, Penn 
Yan, Watkins, Elmira, and points south. 

At Oswego it connects with its Phcenix Ijine, running to Syracuse via 
Fulton and Phcenix, and also with the Delaware, Lackawanna & West 
ern Railroad, leading to Syracuse, Binghamton, Scranton, and New 
York City, and with the Ontario & Western Railroad, leading southeast 
through New York State to New York City. 

From Richland Junction a branch runs through Pulaski to Central 

117 



EOME. AVATERTOWN & OGDENSBURG RAILROAD, 

Square, where it connects with the New York, (Ontario & Western R. R., 
and to Syracuse, connecting with the New York Central, the New 
York, West Shore & Buffalo, the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western, 
and the Syracuse & Ontario Railways for points east, west, and south. 

Another branch leads from Richland Junction to Rome, N. Y., 
where it connects with the New York Central & Hudson River R. R. 
It runs north, through the fertile regions of Oneida, Jefferson, and St. 
Lawrence counties, to Watertown, Cape Vincent, Ogdensburg, and 
Norwood, and forms the direct line with the New York Central & 
Hudson River R. R., from New York and Albany to Thousand Islands, 
St. Lawrence River, and Lake Ontario. 

From Watertown, N. Y., bi-anches diverge to Sackett's Harbor and 
Cape Vincent on Lake Ontario, and to Carthage, Harrisville, and the 
Oswegatchie fishing grounds near the North Woods. 

At ("ape Vincent a fine steamer connects with the railroad for Thou- 
sand Islands and Alexandria Bay, whence steamers run down the St. 
Lawrence River to Montreal and Quebec. 

The northern connections of the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg 
Railroad are at Ogdensburg and Norwood, on the Ogdensburg & Lake 
Champlaiu Railway, with which it connects for northern New York, 
Adirondacks, Lake Champlain, Montreal, Quebec, St. Albans, Burling- 
ton, and other towns in Vermont, White Mountains, Boston, Portland, 
and other points in New England, and at Massena Springs, whei-e it 
connects with the Grand Trunk Railway for Montreal and Quebec. 

At Ogdensburg it connects by steamer with Prescott, Canada, where 
connection is made with the Grand Trunk Railway, the St. Lawrence 
and Ottawa Division of the Canadian Pacific Railway for Ottawa City, 
the capital of the Dominion of Canada, and with steamers for the 
route of the St. Lawrence through Lachine Rapids to Montreal, Quebec, 
and the provinces eastward. 

It will thus be seen that the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg is a 
very imiwrtant line of railway. It i-uns through the fertile and pro- 
ductive portions of the Empire State, and is the great route to the most 
famous and interesting resorts of the United States. The railway is 
equipped with elegant palace and sleeping coaches and fine passenger 
cars, and has an excellent train service. Competent management, and 
courteous attention from employees, and thorough equipment have made 
the road popular and brought it to the front rank of railways. 

118 



r 



ROMK, WATERTOWN & OGDENSBURG RAILROAD. 



ROME, WATERTOWN & OGDENSBURG RAILROAD. 

PA(iKS 

NiA(iARA Falls to Massexa Springs 1 15-130 

Lewistox Junction to Lewiston 131 

Rochester. Windsor Beach, and Ontario Beach 132 

Syracuse to Pulaski 126, 127 

RUHLAND TO RoME 137 

Watertown Junction to Cape Vincent 129-131 

De Kalb Junction to Ogdensburg 134 

Syracuse to Oswego 125 

Utica (to Clayton 109 miles) to Ogdensburg 138-152 

Carthage, Watertown, and Sackett's Harbor 131-133 

Clayton to Theresa Junction 144 



^ 



CONNECTIONS. 



All Home, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad trains run solid to and from New 
York Central & Hudson River Railroad Station at Niagara Falls via Suspension 
Bridge Station. 

At. NIAGARA FALLS, with N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. ; West Shore 

R. R. : Michigan Central R. R. ; N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R. 
At SUSPENSION BRIDOE, with N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. ; Michigan 

Central R. R. : Grand Trunk R'y (6t. Western Div.); N. Y., L. 

E. & W. R. R. ; West Shore R. R. 
At WINDSOR BEACH, with Rochester Line, R., W. & 0. R. R. 
At ROCHESTER, with N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. ; West Shore R. R. ; B., 

R. & P. R. R. ; N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R. ; W., N. Y. & P. R. R. 
At WALLINGTON, with Penn. R. R. (Sodus Bay & So. Div.). 
At STERLING, with Lehigh Valley R. R. (So. Cent. Div.). 
At OSWEGO, with N. Y., 0. & W. R'y; D., L. & W. R. R., also 

PHCENIX LINE; R., W. & 0. R. R. to Syracuse. 
At CENTRAL SQUARE, with N. Y., 0. & W. R'y. 
At SYRACUSE, with N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. ; West Shore R. R. : 

D., L. & W. R. R. ; S., 0. & N. Y. R'y. 
At ROME, with N. Y. C. & II. R. R. R., and N. Y., O. & W. R'y. 

119 



EOME, WATERTOW]S & OGDENSBURG RAILROAD. 

At CAPE VINCENT, with St. Lawrence River Steamboat Co. tor 
Kingston, connecting at Kingston with Grand Trunk R'y and M 
Kingston & Pembroke R'y ; also with steamer to Alexandria Bay i ^ 
and Thousand Island resorts. i, 

At UTICA, with N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. ; West Shore R. R. ; I)., L. '' 
& W. R. R. ; N. Y., 0. & W. R'y. 

At SACKETT'S HARBOR, during summer season only, with steamer 
for Henderson Harbor. 

At CLAYTON, with palace steamer "St. Lawrence "for Alexandria 
Bay, Thousand Island Park, Round Island Park, Westminster 
Park, etc. ; also with steamboat for Gananoque, connecting at 
Gananoque with Thousand Islands R'y for Grand Trunk R'y 
Junction without transfer. 

At CLAYTON, with Richelieu & Ontario Navigation Co.'s Royal Mail 
Line Steamers for Montreal, Quebec, and River Saguenay, passing 
all of the Thousand Islands and Rapids of River St. Lawrence 
by daylight. Trains run to steamboat dock at Clayton. Connec- 
tion is also made with this line at Alexandria Bay, Brockville, and 
Prescott. 

At MORRISTOWN, witli ferry for Brockville. 

At BROCKVILLE, with Grand Trunk R'y ; also Canadian Pacilic R'y 
for Toronto, Montreal, Ottawa, and points on the Upper Ottawa 
River. 

At OGDENSBURG, with Central Vermont R. R. (0. & L. C. Div.); 
also with ferry to Prescott. 

At PRESCOTT, with Grand Trunk R'y ; also with Canadian Pacilic 
R'y for Ottawa. 

At NORWOOD, with Central Vermont R. R. (0. & L. C. Div.) and 
connections for Paul Smith's, and Adirondack Mountain resorts ; 
Fabyan's, and all White Mountain resorts; Portland, Bar Har- 
boi-, and the sea-coast resorts of Maine, St. Andrew's, N. B., and 
all Eastern resorts. 

At MASSENA SPRINGS, with Massena Springs & Ft. Covington R'y. 

120 




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AND CONNECTIONS. 



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DISTANCE IPR.OA(r— 

-, „ ... „ . Rochester* WInrlffor B*«ch 

N '^"5^J*''f*^_M*^89ena Springs -300.80 [ Syracuse to Oswejro 



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Total Miles, <^M 



EXCURSION TICKHTS at reduced rates will be on sale at all stations 

DRAWING KOOM (JARS ON DAY TRAINS. ^m. -^.^ ..^^ SLEEPING (JARS ON NIGHT TRAINS. 




At_3ajfJ[IW^_gHT^ 



HOME, WATERTOWN AND OGDENSBUUG RAILROAD. 

NIAGARA PALLS LINE. 

With Niagara Falls — described on page 110, as a starting-point on 
the line, the first station eastward is Suspension Bridge — described on 
page ll;J. 

All through trains of the Konie, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad, 
both east-bound and west-bound, allow ample time for passengers to 
view the Falls. 

The NIAGARA RIVER, through which the waters of all the great 
lakes, except Ontario, and all their tributaries — the whole draining an 
area of at least 150,000 square miles — flow on their way to the sea, falls 
836 feet in its course of 36 miles. The descent from Lake Erie to the 
Palls of Niagara, a distance of 22 miles, is 15 feet. At the verge of 
the cataract, GOAT ISLAND, formerly called Iris Island, parts 
tlie channel into two courses, the larger of which, with an average 
width of 2,000 feet, plunges down 165 feet at the HORSESHOE 
FALL. The other, known as the AMERICAN FALL, is 800 feet 
wide, with a plunge of 159 feet. It is estimated that 100,000,000 tons 
of water pass over the falls every hour. 

The channel of the river turns abruptly about three miles below the 
Falls. The famous WHIRLPOOL is formed here, the surging waters 
being enclosed by cliffs 350 feet high. The depth of the channel at 
this point is about 400 feet. 

After passing Suspension Bridge we are treated to a delightful pano- 
rama picture of wild and picturesque scenery. The summit of the 
mountain is reached at RIVER VIEW station, whence is obtained 
an unobstructed prospect of the river and the Canadian shore. 

LEWISTON is seven miles below the Falls. On the Canadian side, 
directly opposite, is Queenston. After leaving Ijewiston, the road skirts 
Lake Ontario, passing through what is considered to be one of the finest 
farming sections of the State. Passing the stations and villages of Hay- 

121 



li 



ROME, AVATERTOWN & OGDENSBURG RAILROAD. 

wards, Ransomville and Wilson, we reach, after a thirty-five minutes' 
run, the station and hamlet of — 

NEWFANE, where stages are waiting to convey intending visitors 
to Olcott, a favorite boating and fishing resort on Lake Ontario. 
Between Newfane and the next station of interest are Hess Road, 
Somerset, County Line, Lyndonville, and Carlyon. 

WATERPORT, forty-five minutes from Newfane, is a pleasant 
little village, largely engaged in flouring, and the manufacture of plows 
and other agricultural implements. Thence, along the same route, we 
pass Carlton, East Carlton, Kendall, East Kendall, flamlin. East 
Hamlin, Parma, and Greece, whence, twelve minutes later, we reach — 

CHARLOTTE, Monroe County, New York, 82 miles from Suspen- 
sion Bridge, and about 7 miles north of Rochester. In the vicinity 
are several watering-places, including Windsor Beach and Ontario 
Beach, both popular and pleasant summer resorts. Charlotte is the 
port of Rochester on Lake Ontario. 

ROCHESTER LINE. 

For purposes of easy reference, the branches of the Rome, Watertown 
& Ogdensburg Railroad will be described as nearly as possible in the 
order in which they occur, commencing from the western terminus of 
the Niagara Falls line, and running eastward from Niagara Falls to 
Massena Springs. The first of these is termed the Rochester Line, 
seven miles in length, running southward from Windsor Beach, on the 
Niagara Falls line, to State Street Station, Rochester city. The 
intermediate stations are Rifle Range and Brinker Place, Rochester. 

Tourists and others traveling by this line from Rochester can con- 
tinue, after reaching Windsor Beach Station, in a westerly direction to 
Suspension Bridge and Niagara Falls, or in an easterly direction, to 
Oswego, Watertown, Cape Vincent, Philadelphia, Clayton, Morris- 
town, Ogdensburg, Norwood, and Massena Springs. The R., W. 
& 0. R. R. service of trains on this route is regular and frequent. 

Running eastward from Windsor Beach are the stations — 

SEA BREEZE, a well-known and attractive summer resort, near 
Irondequoit Bay, Pierce's, Webster, Union Hill, Lakeside, Ontario, 
and Sodus. 

122 




IRONDEQUOIT BAY, LABJi QNTABIO. 



ROME, AVATERTOWN * OrxDENSBrRa RAILROAD. 

At Wallington, 32 miles east of Charlotte, and 113 miles from Buf- 
falo, the Sodus Bay & Southern Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad 
connects for Sodus Point, a noted summer resort on the lake, and 
about three miles distant. Sodus Point is delightfully situated on 
Lake Ontario and the west shore of Sodus Bay. The fishing is excel- 
lent, there being abundance of bass and pickerel. The boating privi- 
leges are also satisfactory. 

On the east shore of Sodus Bay is awell-knovFn summer home, "The 
Bluffs," accessible from Alton station, two miles past Wallington. 
Five miles beyond this last-named station is — 

ROSE, from which Lake Bluff is reached by carriage from Port 
Glasco, and steamer to destination. Ten roinutes" journey from Rose 
brings us to — 

WOLCOTT, a stopping-station for those bent on piscatorial pur- 
suits. There is excellent pike, pickerel, and black-bass fishing in 
Port Bay throughout the year. The next station is Red Creek, and 
five miles to the eastward is — 

STERLING, where the Southern Central Division of the Lehigh 
Valley Railroad connects for Fair Haven on Lake Ontario, and Auburn, 
Sayre, Maucli Chunk, and all points in the Lehigh Valley region. 
Following Sterling on the route eastward are Sterling Valley, Hanni- 
bal, Wheeler's, and Furniss. Then, after a run of five miles from 
Furniss, we come to — 

OSWEGO, Oswego County, New York, population 25,000, 151 miles 
from Suspension Bridge. Hotels — Doolittle House and Lake Shore 
Hotel. The charming city of Oswego is upon the shore of Lake Ontario, 
and almost heading the famous Thousand Islands of the lovely St. Law- 
rence River. It has the natural advantages of both lake and river. 
The pure air, excellent drainage, and other natural advantages con- 
tribute to make Oswego the third healthiest city in the United States. 
The city is built on ground sloping to the Oswego River on either 
side. 

The streets are 100 feet wide, and laid out in right angles, making 
blocks 200 by 400 feet, and affording frequent opportunity for public 
parks, of which there are two large ones and several of lesser size. 
The streets in the residence part of the city are really magnificent 

123 



ROME, WATERTOWN & OGDENSBURG RAILROAD. 

avenues, bordered by grand old trees, and presenting a delightful vista 
of shade, with a glimpse of both lake and river. 

jVlong the lake shore west for three miles is a wide and cultivated road 
for carriage and bridle, with all of nature's grandeur of beach and bluff. 

The Oswego Yacht Club has a fleet of yachts, sailboats and steam 
yachts, which, with the excellent sailing and fishing which Lake 
Ontario affords, contributes to the fascinating pleasure of the summer 
sportsman. The Oswego Canoe Club has a fleet of canoes. 

The city, has 10 grain elevators, 17 churches, 3 daily and 3 weekly 
newspapers, an opera house, a public library of 30,000 volumes, and 
imj)ortant manufacturing interests. The foreign commerce aggregates 
$8,000,000 annually. 

The principal buildings are the United States Custom House and 
Post Office, built of Cleveland limestone, and the City Hall, a very 
ornate building of Onondaga limestone. 

The old and historic fortification. Fort Ontario, stands on the right 
bank of the river, in the middle of a high plateau commanding the 
town, the harbor, and its approaches. 

The principal hotels are the Lake Shore House (capacity 150), and 
the Doolittle House (capacity 350). The former is ably managed by 
Mr. James G. Bennett, and is the property of the Rome, Watertown & 
Ogdensburg Railroad Company. The station and general offices of that 
company occupy a part of the hotel block. Tourists will find this house 
very pleasaTit and convenient to railroads. 

The Doolittle House is first-class in all respects. Under this hou.se 
is located the famous "Deep Rock" mineral spring, celebrated for 
the health-giving properties of its waters. 

Oswego is the diverging point of the Phoenix Line of the Rome, 
Watertown & Ogdensburg R. R., which forms a direct line from 
Oswego to Syracuse ; of the New York, Ontario & Western Railway, 
and the Oswego and Syracuse Division of the Delaware, Lackawanna 
& Western Railroad, leading to Syracuse, Binghamton, Scranton, and 
New York. Beyond Central Square the New York, Ontario & Western 
Railway continues southward, skirting the eastern shore of Oneida 
Lake, passing North Bay and Fish Creek — popular summer resorts — 
and finally terminating at New York. 

The Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad affords a direct 
route from Oswego to Binghamton, Scranton, and New York. 

124 



ROME, WATERTOWN & OGDENSBURG RAILROAD. 

PHCENIX LINE. 

The branch of the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad, which 
runs from Oswego southward, 37 miles to Syracuse, is called the 
Phoenix Line. The intermediate stations are Bridge Street in Oswego 
City and — 

FULTON, Oswego County, New York, a thriving town of about 
5,000 itihabitants, situated on the east side of the Oswego River. On the 
west side of tlie Oswego Hiver is Oswego Palls. Botli these towns are 
largely engaged in manufacturing industries, and the combined popu- 
lation of the two towns is about 7,000. Traius stop at Cayuga Street 
and at Oswego Falls in Fulton. 

PHCENIX, Oswego County, New Yoi'k, the next station southward, 
is a pretty village, containing about 3,000 inhabitants, and is located 
on the boundary line between Oswego and Onondaga counties. The 
Oswego Canal passes through the place. 

THREE RIVER POINT, the next station, is in the midst of 
attractive natm-al scenery ; the confluence of the Oneida, Seneca, and 
Oswego rivers presenting a view at once striking and beautiful. 

WOODARD, Onondaga County, New York, is the junction point of 
the Phcenix line with the Syracuse Division of the Rome, Watertown 
& Ogdensburg Railroad. Three miles south of Woodard Junction is 
Liverpool, described on page 126, and seven miles south of Woodard is 
the city of Syracuse, see page 88. 



Resuming the journey on the main line of the Rome, Watertown 
and Ogdensburg Railroad, eastward from Oswego, we pass through 
the agricultural town of — 

SCRIBA, Oswego County, New York, and then arrive at — 

NEW HAVEN, Oswego County, New York, a pretty village of 
five hundred inhabitants, eleven miles east of Oswego, and one and a 
half miles south of Lake Ontario. There are fine opportunities for 
black-bass fishing in the lake off New Haven. 

MEXICO, Oswego County. New York, is a beautiful village of about 
500 people. Mexico Point and Port Ontario on Lake Ontario are about 
four miles from Mexico station. They are much frequented as I'esorts. 

125 



ROME. WATERTOWX * OGDENSBFRG RAILROAD. 

and offer, among other attractions, excellent bass fishinij. These; 
points may also be reached by private conveyance from — 

SAND Hlljli, Oswego County, New York, the first station east of 
Mexico, and five miles from it. 

PULASKI, Richland, Oswego County, New York, 105 miles from 
Ogdensburg, a flourishing village of 2,000 inhabitants on Salmon 
River, a half-shire town of Oswego County. It has several churches, 
an academy, court house, newspaper offices, banks, and several manu- 
factories. 

RICHLAND JUNCTION, Oswego County, New York, 29 miles 
east of Oswego, is at the junction of the main line of the Rome, 
Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad, with two of its important 
branches — one running from the south and west from Syracuse, and one 
from the south and east from Rome. It is the converging point of the 
R. , W. & 0. system. These two branches form a V, with its apex at 
Richland. Richland Junction is 100 miles from Ogdensburg, 42 miles 
from Rome, 180 miles from Suspension Bridge, 41 miles from Syracu.se, 
and 29 miles from Oswego. 

In describing the Syracuse branch we begin at Syracuse (see page 88), 
and follow the line northeastward to Richland. The first town, north 
and four miles from Syracuse, is — 

LIVERPOOL, Salina, Onondaga County, New York, 37 miles from 
Richland. This is a flourishing village of 2,000 inhabitants, on the 
east bank of Onondaga Lake. It contains extensive salt works and 
other industries, a union school, and several churches. It was first 
settled in 1795 by John Danforth and his three sons, from Worcester. 
Mass. Three miles north of Liverpool is — 

WOODARD, Onondaga County, New York, at the junction of the 
Syracuse Di\asion with the Phoenix Line to Oswego. 

CLAY, Clay, Onondaga County, New York, 31 miles from Richland. 
A hamlet iipon Seneca River, with about 300 people. A very fertile 
counti-j' surrounds this village. 

BREWERTON, Cicero, Onondaga County, New York, 27 miles 
from Richland. A flourishing village of 500 inhabitants, on the out- 
let of Oneida Lake. Fort Brewerton, one of the line of English forts 
between Oswego and Mohawk Valley, was situated on the south shore 

12G 



UOMF.. WATEKTOWX i^- OODEXRBrRG RAILROAD. 

of Oneida Oiitlel, opposite the present village of Brewerton. French- 
man's Island and South Bay are places of resort for pleasure-seekers. 

CENTRAL SQUARE, Hastings, Oswego County, New York, 24 
miles from Uichland. An important village of 500 people in the south 
part of the town of Hastings, where the R., W. & O. 11. R. crosses the 
X. Y., Ontario & Western. 

HASTINGS, Oswego County, New York, is 18 miles from Richland 
.Junction, and has a village population of about 300 people. 

PARISH. Oswego County, New York, is a flourishing village of about 
500 inhabitants. It is 15 miles southwest from Richland. 

Between Parish and Richland Junction the railroad passes through 
the small villages of Holmesville, Union Square, 11 miles from Richland, 
and the large town of Pulaski, described on page 126. 



Starting from Rome (see page 83) on the New York Central Railroad, 
the eastern branch of the V of the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg 
Railroad extends in a northwesterly direction through the village of 
Tabei-g, 7 miles from Rome, thence to— 

McCONNELLSVIIjLE, Oneida County, New York, 13 miles 
Tiorthwest of Rome, a small village, largely engaged in the manufac- 
turing of chairs. It also does a large corn-packing business. 

CAMDEN, Oneida County, New York, is a flourishing village, 
widely known for its chair factories and corn-packing establishments. 

WIIiLIAMSTOWN, Oswego County, New York. Eight miles from 
this place is Redfield Square, where there is excellent trouting and 
good boarding accommodations. 

KASOAG, Oswego County, New York, is a small station. 

ALBION, Oswego County, New York, is a small \-illage. Only six 
miles from it are Salmon River Falls, which are 110 feet high, and 
well worth seeing. 

Passengers from Rome and intermediate stations on this section, and 
from Syracuse and intermediate stations on the opposite side of the V, 
can, on arriving at Richland Junction, continue on to Watertown, Cape 
Vincent, Philadelphia, De Kalb Junction, Ogdensburg, Norwood, or 
Masseua Springs. 

127 



ROME, "WATERTOWN * OftDENSBURG RAILROAD. 

Ten minutes from the time we leave Richland Jiiiiction we pass 
Sandy Creek. Five miles beyond is Mannsville, and two miles farther 
on is Pierrepont Manor. Then, after a rapid journey of six miles, we 
arrive at — 

ADAMS, Jefferson County, New York, 82 miles from Ogdensburg, 
an incorporated village of 1,500 inhabitants, on North Sandy Creek, 
containing several churches, two banks, a seminary, printing-offices, 
and several manufactories. From here stages run daily to Henderson 
Harbor, a resort on Lake Ontario noted for fine fishing and its hand- 
some cottages, where many wealthy people spend their summers. 
From Adams the railroad runs north through Adams Center, Rice's, 
and — 

WATERTOWN, Jefferson County, New York, 68 miles from Ogdens- 
burg. Hotels — Woodruff, Kirby, Globe, Crowner, Harris, and City. An 
im[)ortant city of 1 3,000 inhabitants, beautifully situated on Black River. 
Its railroad connections are with the several branches of the Rome, 
Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad. The Cape Vincent Branch of 
the latter unites here with the main line. The city is in the midst of a 
very rich agricultural community, and has derived much of its wealth 
from the extensive dairying business carried on in Jefferson County. 
The city was incorporated in May, 1809, and is noted for the enterprise, 
wealth, and culture of its inhabitants. The county seat of Jefferson 
County is in tliis city, and the County Court House on Arsenal Street is 
a fine brick and stone building, containing the offices of the clerk and 
other county officers. It is handsomely laid out, and contains many 
elegant and costly residences and two good hotels. 

The city has ten banks, three newspaper offices, two or three insur- 
ance companies, and a variety of manufactures, embracing sewing- 
machines, paper, flour, pearl barley, portable engines, tools, machines, 
pumps, carriages, harnesses, tinware, etc. The Black River, with 
its falls here, furnishes abundant water-power, which is largely utilized. 
The city has 13 or 15 churches, an academy, and a Young Men's 
Christian Association, which maintains a reading-room and literary 
entertainment. Black River is crossed in the city by 3 carriage and 2 
railroad bridges. One of the carriage bridges is a beautiful wire suspen- 
sion bridge, with iron girders, which, with the falls of the river, pre- 
sents an interesting and picturesque view to the traveler visiting the 

128 




BKIOGIO AND b'AM-S AT WATKULOWN, N. Y. 



ROME, WATERTOWN & OGI)BN"SBURG RAILROAD. 

city. The city is supplied with water from Black River through a reser- 
voir 200 feet above the level of the town, which also supplies a beauti- 
ful fountain in the public square. The city is underlaid by the Black 
River limestone, and on both sides of the river there are extensive caves 
whieli may be explored at will. Numerous fossils peculiar to this lime- 
stone formation are found here, and this whole region is very interesting 
to the scientist, who would enjoy exploring its cavernous rocks and select- 
ing fossilites, and to the tourist who appreciates the wonders of nature 
as seen in its marvelous geological formations. 



The Cape Vincent Division of the R.., W. & 0. R. R. runs from 
Watertown Junction westward through the hamlets of Brownville (500 




R., W. AND O. R. R. STATION. HOTEL AND DOCK. CAPE VINCENT. 

population), Limerick, Chaumont, Three-mile Bay (500 population), 
Rosiere, carrying the tourist in 45 minutes to — 

CAPE VINCENT, Jefferson County, New York, 30 miles from 
Watertown. Population, 1,500. Hotels — St. Lawrence, Rathbun, 
and Cape Vincent. Here the magnificent chain of great fresh-water 
lakes, Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, which stretch 

139 



SURG RAILROAD, 



Muir 

iT.M 

. and 
) tlie 
ve or 
lered 
dsof 
reiice 

M-cial 
rtant 
Ijake 
ence, 
cool, 
idred 
I'S to 
.yage 
, tho 
3 the 

, w. 

icent 
ail of 



iiany 
afcly 
odies 
'. pro- 
-..^ieu 
Can the 



°e »1 will 
terf 
lertt, the 

'i from 

.Marys- 

_^^e wet^t 

I which 

|ie head 

3 many 



city 
voir 
ful 
Kiv( 

whi( 
stou 
toti 
iiig 
as St 

T 
Wai 



ROME, WATERTOWN & OGDENSBFRO RAILROAD. 

I 

i 



'^i-ei, h 



K. 



• >«0,. , 



V/ 



*<lti 



^4.0HA 



pop . 
Ros ,' 
C .'■' 
Wa " 
and 
lake 




ROME. WATERTOWX & OGDENSBURG RAILROAD, 

iiloiip: llip Western continent for l.oOO miles, forininp: the most mar 
velciis ebain of inland waters in the world, disehartje their emerald 
waters from Ontai'io into the grand and heantiful St. Lawrence, and 
are carried through its channels a thousand miles eastward to the 
boundless Atlantic. Here numerous steamboats and vessels ix'ceive or 
lischarge their valuable freights of lumber and other products gathered 
fi-om the shores of Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence. Here thousands of 
tourists embark for the delightful tour of the Lake and the St. Lawrence 
River with its manifold islands and beauties. 

Cape Vincent village is a pretty town of considerable commercial 
importance, and has several churches and stores. It is an important 
shipping point, due to its favorable situation at the junction of Lake 
Ontario and the St. Lawrence. It has attractionsas a summer residence, 
and numy prominent j)eople spend their summers here to enjoy the cool, 
refreshing breezes that sweep the great inland sea for two hundred 
miles. The steamer Maud is also on hand to convey passengers to 
Wolfe Island or to the picturesque city of Kingston, Canada, a voyage 
of about nine miles. Travelers going to Alexandria Bay and the 
Thousand Island Park are conveyed from the wharf alongside the 
depot, on the steamer J. F. Maynard. This boat connects with R., W. 
& O. R. R. trains, making two round trips daily between Cape Vincent 
and Alexandria Bay, touching at all points, and in a delightful sail of 
two hours on the majestic St. Lawrence are brought to these famous 
resorts. In its course down the river the J. F. Maynard passes many 
of the most beautiful private islands of the river, and it may be safely 
asserted that no other steamboat tour of its length in the land embodies 
such a constant and varied succession of lovely vistas as are here pre- 
sented. Connections are made at Alexandria Bay with the Richelieu 
& Ontario Navigation Co.'s steamers, for resorts further down the 
river, through Lachine Rapids, to Montreal and Quebec. 

Undoubtedly the best bass and muscalonge fishing in the world will 
be found in the vicinity of Wolfe Island, just off Cape Vincent, the 
largest of the Thousand Islands, being thirty miles long and from 
seven to ten wide. The steamer Maud will land passengers at Marys- 
ville, a small village on the island opposite Kingston. At the west 
end of Simcoe Island, directly off the lighthouse, is deep water, which 
affords excellent bass fishing during July and Augiist. At the head 
of Wolfe Island lies Horseshoe Island. Between the two are many 

130 



VJ 



v-_ 



N 



I 1> 




-^ t 



^■ 



R 



}^GANillVOauE 



THE TOURieX'S IDEAL ROUTE. 

ROME, WATERTOWN & OGDENSBURG RAILROAD. 

XIIK ONLV ALL-HAIL HUUTK TO TUK XIIOUMAND litLANDN. 

Tilt tJKKAT IIIUinVAV ANU FAXKlTK KOIITK FOR KA!«HIONAIILK I'LKASl'KK THAVKI,. 

rl..?""'' ''.'1""" *'"' "'"B""" Sl,u|,ii,|f Cm Icuv,. Niiijjia Fall, .lully 8.1(1 p. ill. lor Tlii.u.iili.l [Hlaiul.. li«kl)i(l ImiiioiliMi, ranneotlon. nt 
u.'JIon, wiUioul IrainliT, mlh i.i.wcrlul »U.«iiii.n. of 8ili«li,Mi * Ontari.. Nnvicaliou Co. for AU'smidriu Itaf . Muutruiil, Quolioo aua th. 
Sp'i thfi?°15' ''*"'"* "" "■" Tli""»»'"l l«liui.l» uiij (iniiine all the KapiJ« of the River St. Lawrence by Saj-light, Uw ino«t attraolive 
P.ll.\'l'p'onuS''"""f"'''^°'"™'' Eipross loaves NiaAa I'all».Iaily, ejcopt Saturday, at S.lOn. m., with UlnnighSleepiug Oars Nlanari 

rami w ruiMuuu, UiaklD^ (Milinnntiikti.: al N.'..r.. I t-..-1_. nu C.n..«-. ..• u..i.. r..- 1j„..1 0...:>V' I i .tl-^„.\a„i, ^„-.. .1 ^. 




.^ ItaUUadt ^^ 



ol.l orchiml, Kon„„i,ump„„ „" .'i .„„ ,,„„, , ^, „^^. 



i Springs 



if, at 8. 10 p. n 
Paul Smili'B 

ith iiiiine(liat«ionDeotion« for liar Harbor^ 
pi« at all priiioipal rosortH in tin White MonntniiiH 






'NX>STONB ^^' 



\« 



^^ l^ t E S L Y 



2) 



\gJHOUSAND ISLAND 



-^^OIIO«ClobHoua»" ^A 



PROSPECT PARK 7^ 







iTbou-afa ..land.. , „i„' i^si^-; i^'S'e'trrirt.s ™ti%Tsr.jr„r'^!^,a':rie"!tr.'?i«rd ririi:^;,::^"^- 

WESTMINSTEnS;.';*;' '-"JjT -.• ^ in ■■'^*^ .«o«»i»4 1.- vj^ 

pabkX* 



LEXANDBIA BAY 



CENTRAL PARK. 




w 



%^^ 






o 




Nlmes of Points indicated by F,i,u 
1. OirUnn l.lud ^ 



K 



LOCAL DISTANCES. 

i, nr-r - I CniwVlllowitta AlPiiindrUBtT ' 

Proajiect I'Mk.... IS I •' " ■■ ki«,«w. ^■ 



.'apoVliWGnltoC&rltiin tfUnd 
■' " " Proaiiect I'ark 



Mr. Chu. < 

1. N. Hoh 
Ffcderltl 



I Occ <l«ntana0rl('ut ir n a 

Ewdertch Ulij " • "-"-""I 

WoiJaiey IIoom. 

*. WsTlng Branchw 

( Pror a' U. Browa'cJuVi 

f lion. \V. W.BDttfi-ncl.l. 



H'tv. Ooodrlch, L«f 



■sin Red. 


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T.Ni-wVotk. 
n i:hannol. 
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go, M.Y. 




„i I.N.Y. 



Names of Points Indicated by Figures in Red. 

10. iBlund Royal. Koy il K. Di-imo, Now Voft 

11. Seven IbU'« Drsdhir WIdbIow, WtUf^wn. N. Y, 

II. Tolut VIvIuu; Itssot Tos4>t, J.J. Kinney, Dr. Jom, 

Ooo. Jones, WllllAm Coooer, and oUivn, ^in- 

Nuw York. 

13. Bella VietA Lodge 7. J. Bosworth, NcwiwrV R T- 

" " . -. . . A. B. f l»fli. Chiwo. 

,.U. II. Wwnor, ItochMiM.STl 
J A.B.riilln»ii,lMeit<i.; 

lQ.B.Wanh. " 

C. H. BUI, lUeMJ- 

Nobby Island;;;; H. R. no#tli. Sfw TA 

Welcome bland 8.0. Pop*, Ogdafjoj 

90. Llnllibgow iBloDd B. A. Uvlngeton. Hwjort 

ai. Boanle'fcMtlo "WiSSff 

a ble Imporlal M». D. O. Le Cento, PUtaWg^ 

23. Point Slaruuerlte fi. AalliOM.NwToit 

M. Sport bland Wrti 

^' \ Soauncrland Qroap. 
27. HuuliutUui Oroap, 



. Comfort Inland.. 



, Wan Wlnot.. 

. Nobby bland 
, Welcome blaad.. 



■ iDinni niin I 



RO.ME. WATERTOWN & OrxDEN'SUrRG RAILROAD. 

nnky shoals where early fly-fishing for bass cannot be equalled on the 
St. Lawrence. The many bays along the island east of Marysville 
afford abundant opportunity for sport in trolling for pickerel, pike, 
muscalonge, and other "ganiey"' fish. 



CARTHAGE, WATERTOWN & SACKETT'S HARBOR LINE. 

A line of the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad, nearly 80 
miles in length, runs from Saekett's Harbor to Carthage, through 
Watertown Junction, thence forming, in its eastward course, one side 
of an equilateral triangle made compljte by a section of the Niagara 
Falls line and a section of Utica line, converging at Philadelphia. 

SACKETT'S HARBOR.— Houndsfield, Jefferson County, New 
York, IQBl miles from Utica, is a town full of historic interest, situated 
uj)on the eastern enil of Lake Ontario, and the terminus of this branch 
of the railroad. Population, 800. It was named from Augustus Sackett, 
the first settler of the village, and was incorporated in 1814, and was 
made a " collection district " in 1805, and in tlie war of 1812 with Great 
Britain was the seat of vast military operations. In July, 1812, a for- 
midable British fleet of five frigates made an attack on the fortifica- 
tions at Saekett's Harbor. The bombardment was extended over a con- 
siderable period, ending in the repulse of the attacking force. It is said 
that one shot from the garrison killed and wounded at least thirty men 
on the Royal George. Two months later, a fleet of ten vessels, fairly 
well equipped for active service, left the Harbor, but were eventually 
compelled to return under fire of a British naval force. 

Then began active shipbuilding operations, the Americans working 
hard at Saekett's Harbor, the British at Kingston. In May, 1813, Sir 
James Yeo, the British commander, made an attack on the position, 
bringing one thousand men, six ships of war, and nearly one hundred 
guns. This time the garrison became panic-stricken, and half a million 
dollars' worth of property and a man-of-war were destroyed by fire during 
the flight of the militia. They slowly rallied, however, encouraged by 
the regular forces, and compelled a withdrawal of the British invaders. 

During the year following four forts were completed, with command 
of eighty-four guns. Six thousand New York militia were located in 
fortified quarters. 

131 



KOME, WATERTOWN & OGDE^S^SBITRG RAILROAD. 

In the fall of 1814 the American commander sailed from the harbor 
to Kingston with eight fighting vessels, and blockaded the British ports. 
Several weeks later the British commander launched another ship, 
carrying 112 guns and a crew of 1,000 men. The appearance of this 
re-enforcement caused a retreat of the blockaders, the British in turn 
proclaiming a blockade at Sackett's Harbor. While acting on the 
defensive, the men in harbor were kept busy building two more ships; 
but before these were ready peace was {)roclaimed and work abandoned. 

Col. Brady was stationed here and had command of Madison Bar- 
racks, built in 1816 to 1819. He collected and buried in one grave the 
remains of several brave men who fell in the war of 1812 to 1815. At 
Sackett's Harbor the railroad connects with a steamer to and from 
Henderson Harbor. 

The first station after leaving Sackett's Harbor for the eastern ter- 
minus of the line is ALVERSON'S, three miles distant. From there 
we have a run of half an hoixr to Watertown, described on page 128. 

BLACK RIVER, Rutland, Jefferson County, New York, 85\ miles 
from Utica, on Black River, from which it is named, and containing 
about 200 inhabitants. The village is partly in the town of Rutland 
and partly in Le Ray. In the town of Rutland is a remarkable valley, 
known as the Rutland Hollow, which extends through the town upon 
the lower terrace of the plateau, parallel to Black River. It apjjears like 
the bed of an ancient river, deeply excavated in the limestone, and was 
probably formed by abrasion. 

FELT'S MILLS is a village of about 300 inhabitants, on Black 
River. There is considerable trade done here in lumber. A tannery 
has also been working for some years. 

GREAT BEND is the last station before reaching — 

CARTHAGE, Wilna, Jefferson County, New York, 74 miles from 
Utica. Carthage is finely situated on Black River, at the lower ter- 
minus of the Black River Canal Improvement. It contains several 
churches, banks, a newspaper office and various manufactories, and a 
population of 2,500. It was formerly called Long Falls, but was incor- 
porated as Carthage in 1841. A bridge across Black River was erected 
here in 1813. It is now a State bridge, and has been rebuilt with iron. 

The Morristown Division runs from Carthage to Morristown on the 
St. Lawrence, thence along the south shore of the river to Ogdensburg. 

132 



ROME, WATERTOWN & OGDENSBUKG UAILROAD. 

caktiiaCtE to iiarrisville. 

The Oswoii^Jitcliio fisliing grounds arc reiichcd by way of Iiarrisville. 
A line has boon built in a northeasterly direction, forming part of the 
Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg railway system, from Cartiiagi", hav- 
ing stations at Clearwater, Natural Bridge, Diana, and Iiarrisville, 
and terminus at Pule. 

Joseph Bonaparte, brother of the First Napoleon, built a house and 
residence near the Natural Bridge in 1829. For the accommodation of 
Ills guests he caused a small house to be erected on Lake Bonaparte, 
near Diana, on the way to Harrisville. 



From Watertown to De Kalb Junction on the Niagara Falls Line of 
the R. \V. & O. R. R. the intermediate stations are Sandford's Cor- 
ners and — 

EVAN'S MILLS, Jefferson County, New York, a pleasant village 
of 500 inhabitants. Three miles from here is the Le Ray mansion, built 
in 1809, where President Madison was once hospitably entertained. 

PHILADELPHIA, Jefferson County, New York, 59 miles from 
Ogdensburg. A village of 500 inhabitants, on Indian River, where the 
main line of the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg R. R. crosses its 
Eastern Division, and where passengers for Lowville and places in 
Lewis County, Trenton Falls, Clayton, Morristown, and Sackett's 
Harbor change cars. Iron ore is found in considerable qnantities in 
the upper part of the town. The Shurtliffe mines are the jtrincipal 
ones. From Philadelphia the road runs north through Antwerp, a 
village of about 1,000 people, and Keene's, to 

GOUVERNEUR, St. Lawrence County, New York, 86 miles from 
Ogdensburg. Hotels — Van Buren House, Fuller House. This is a 
flourishing village of 3,000 inhabitants on the Osvvegatchic River. It 
has many fine residences and extensive Tnanufacturing interests, a bank, 
several churches, an academy, formerly the Gouverneur Wesleyan 
Seminary, two or three newspaper offices, and carries on a large local 
trade. It has a beautiful rural cemetery on the south bank of the 
Oswegatchie River, opposite the village, and has also a fine fairground. 
In the township are extensive and valuable iron mines and other mine- 
rals. At Natural Dam, a mile below the village, is an immense lumber 

133 



ROME, WATERTOWN & OGDENSHUKCi RAILROAD. 

mill. A stage line runs from Cxouverneur to the western part of the 
Adirondack Mountain region, about fifteen or twenty miles distant. 
From Gouvemeur the railroad runs through Richville to — 

DE KALB JUNCTION, St. Lawrence County, New York, 19 miles 
from Ogflensburg, where it unites with the Potsdam Branch running 
from Norwood on the Ogdensburg & Lake Champlain R. R. De Kalb 
Junction is a small village on the Oswegatchie River, deriving its chief 
importance from its railway connections. The Ogdensburg branch of 
R., W. & O. R. R. diverges from the main line hei-e to Ogdensburg. 

Towns on, the R., W. & 0. R. R. north of De Kalb Junction are here 
described. 

CANTON, St. Lawrence County, New York, 17 miles from Norwood. 
Hotel — Hodskin House. Canton is a very pretty town of about 2,500 
population. It is the county seat of St. Lawrence County, and contains 
the county court house, the St. Lawrence Academy, a fine union 
graded school, a bank, a newspaper office, and numerous stores and 
manufactories. It is on Grass River, which furnishes water-power to 
the various manufactories of leather, iron castings, machinery, fiour, 
lumber, etc., which are located here. A stage line runs from Canton 
to the Adirondack woods. A small steaiji yacht runs in summer from 
the village to a picnic grove five miles distant. 

POTSDAM, St. Lawrence County, New York, 7 miles from Nor- 
wood. Hotels — Albion House, Matheson House. This beautiful and 
prosperous town of about 4,000 inhabitants is situated on Raquette 
River, in the midst of a rich farming district. The river here is broken 
by islands and rapids, and furnishes abundant water-power, which 
is utilized by numerous manufactories of lumber and articles produced 
from wood. The village contains a national bank, a newspaper office, 
numerous stores, and handsome residences. The Potsdam State Normal 
and Training School, one of the most prosperous of the several State 
normal schools, is located here. From Potsdam a stage runs 21 miles 
to the Forest House at the foot of the Adirondacks, where guides and 
boats can be procured for a trip through the fishing and hunting 
grounds of the famous North Woods. 

NORWOOD, St. Lawrence County, New York, 383 miles from Bos- 
ton, 287 miles from Niagara Falls. Hotel— Whitney Hotel. This 
village of 2,000 inhabitants is at the junction of the Rome, Watertown 

134 



ROMK. AV.VTEHTOWX & OODENSBrRC RAIM{()A[». 

& Ogdensburg Riiilroad witli the Ogdonsburg & Jjuke Cliaiiiplaiii 
Railway. Travelers going to Malone, Adirondacks, Lake Chaiiiplain, 
Montreal, Vermont, White Mountains, Boston, and points inNewBng- 
lanc] take the Ogdensburg & Clianiplain Railroad at this point. The 
II.. W. & O. R. R. now runs from Norwood to Massena Springs on the 
Raquette Hiver. 

MASSENA SPRINGS, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. Hotel— Hatfield. 
This village takes its name and derives its chief importance from the 
celebrated springs located in it. It is on the Raquette River and on 
tlie Rome, Watc^rtown & Ogdensburg Railroad, about six miles from 
Norwood and six raiies from Brasher Falls on the Ogdensburg & Lake 
C'hamplain Railroad. From Ogdensburg a line of steamboats runs 
during the season to the village in connection with the steamers 
from Lake Ontario, St. Lawrence River, Niagara Falls, the Thousand 
Islands, and Alexandria Bay. By taking these l)oats at Ogdensburg, 
the traveler can have a splendid sail on the St. Lawrence, passing 
through the Gallup and the Du Platte Rapids. The springs are about 
five miles from the celebrated Long Sault Rapids. The climate is very 
healthful. 

We append the analysis of the Massena waters by Prof. Ferd. F 
Mayer, of the New York College of Pharmacy: 

At the temperjilurc of 60° F. the specific gravity is 1.0817, tliat of water l.(X)0. 
The following exhibit shows the solid and gaseous ingredients: 

A -in one Litre. B— in one Gallon. 

(A.) (B.I 

Chloride of Sodium 1 .86r!).5 Grammes, 79.795 Grai iis 

Chloride of Potassium 0.00,S71 " 0.508 

Chloride of MaiTuesinm 0.51308 " 29.927 

Bromide (.f :\l,ignesium 0.01155 '• 0.673 

Bicarbonalc of Lime 0.08319 '■ 4.852 

Bicarlionate of Iron 0.(X)S;i8 '' 0.488 

Sulphate of Lime 1.0411(3 " 60.931 '' 

Sulphate of Soda 0.00003 '■ 3.500 

Phosphate of Soda 0.02203 " L320 

Hvposulphate of Soda 0.07210 " 4.205 

Sulphate of Sodinm 0.02110 '• L405 

Silicate of Soda and organic I n iQipn " 11-170 " 
compounds ^-u.iyiDu 

3.40448 Grammes 198.678 Grains. 

Snlphuretted I a free 0.0155 Grammes ) ,„ „^„ 

Hydroge7i / h half comb 0.0175 " | — '^"^ *■• ■ 

Per Gallon, 5.307 Cubic Inches. 

Professor Mayer, in the course of his analysis, ascertained the fact 
that the waters of the Massena Springs are almost identical with those 

135 




V4l 




mmi'i''tf!iimmi \ \ ill v 



ilk 



ROME, WATKRTOWN' S: OODRNRnrT RG ItAII.UOAD. 

of the celebrated S{)a at Baden in Austria, and also that at Eilscn, in 
Germany. The water issues in a copious stream from the fountain 
near the edge of the river bank. It is perfectly clear, cold, and 
sparkling; it emits an odor of sulphuretted hydrogen gas which is a 
little unpleasant at first, but, after drinking it for a few days, persons 
prefer it to ordinary driidving-water. 

THE NORTHERN ADIRONDACK RAILROAD. 

This enterprising line now offers to the public a speedy and elegant 
means of reaching much of the best hunting and fishing tei-ritory in 
the Adirondacks. It extends from Moira on the Ogdensburg & Lake 
Champlain Division of the Central Vermont Railroad southward into 
the Adirondack wilderness. 

The greater part of the splendid forest lands through which this road 
extends belongs to the company, and are now set apart as a perpetual 
preserve for game and fish, open to the patrons of the line. 

The Northei'D Adirondack Railroad is to be extended southward to 
Raquette Pond. This is the tourist route to Paul Smith's. 

" PAUL SMITH'S," the principal gateway and distributing-point 
to all resorts in the Adirondack Mountains, is now reached from New 
York city quickly and directly by the New York Central & Hudson 
River R. R.. Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg R. R., via Norwood, 
Moira, and the Northern Adirondack R. R., the fast line and most 
comfortable route to the Adirondacks. Commencing Sunday, June 
30th. Wagner palace sleeping-cars leave Grand Central Station, New 
York, 6 P. M. daily, except Saturday; leave Albany, 10.30 P. M.; 
leave Utica, 12.45 A. m. ; arrive Norwood, 6 a. m. ; Moira, 7.12 a. m. : 
Paul Smith's Station, 8.32 A. m., where lunch is served ; arrive Paul 
Smith's Hotel, 9.30 a. m. — in time for a sumptuous breakfast. The 
time by this new fast line from New York to Paul Smith's Station is 
only fourteen hours; to Paul Smith's Hotel, fifteen hours. This is the 
only through-car route and the only standard-gauge route. 

Returning, stage leaves Paul Smith's Hotel daily, except Sunday, at 
2.10 p. M. Sleeping-cars leave Paul Smith's Station, 3.30 p. m. ; leave 
Norwood, 6.10 p. m. ; arrive Utica, 10.55 p. m. ; Albany, 1.55 a. m. ; 
Grand Central Station, New York, 6.45 a. m. 

From Niagara Falls, Suspension Bridge, Rochester, and other points 

136 



ROME, WATERTOWN * OGDENSRI'RG RAILROAD. 

on Rome, Waterlown & Ogdensburg R. R., take White Mountains 
Express, which leaves Niagara Falls, 8.10 p. m. ; Suspension Bridge, 
8.30 p. M., and carries through sleeping-cars to and from Moira via 
Norwood. Excursion tickets at reduced rates are on sale at all ticket 
offices in New York, Buffalo, Niagara Palls, Rochester, Syracuse, and 
at principal ticket offices of Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg R. R., 
and its connecting linos. Be sure your tickets read via Rome, Water- 
town & Ogdensburg K. R. to Norwood, thence via Moira and Northern 
Adirondack R. R. 

Paul Smith's Hotel is pleasantly situated on the Lower St. Regis 
Lake, in the heart of the Adirondack Mountains, 2,000 feet above tide- 
water, amidst a dense growth of pine and balsam forest, and in the 
immediate vicinity of the best fishing and hunting grounds to be found 
in the Adirondacks. The house, which is one ct the largest hotels 
north of Saratoga, is situated 100 feet from and 30 feet above the 
lake, and has accommodations, with its cottages, for 350 guests. Rooms 
are large and well ventilated, single and en suite, two to ten communi- 
cating. The hotel is elegantly furnished throughout, and supplied with 
all modern improvements. The dining-hall and service will be kept up 
to the usual high standard of excellence, and the table supplied with 
the delicacies of the season. The richest milk and cream from the pro- 
prietor's herd of select Alderneys is one of the principal features of 
fare ; also fresh vegetables from the hotel garden. 

Lower St. Regis Lake is one of the many beautiful bodies of water 
that are found in the Adirondacks, and is about one mile in width by 
one and a half in length. Its shores are high or gently sloping, and 
well wooded. High hills seclude and protect it from strong winds, 
making it unusually safe and pleasant for boating and fishing. It is 
connected by navigable streams with several other pretty lakes, giving 
it unsurpassed advantages for delightful excursions, etc. 

Good fishing is to be had in Lower St. Regis and the brooks empty- 
ing into it. Also, in the many lakes and ponds in its vicinity. Waters 
are stocked yearly with brook and lake trout from the Adirondack 
State Hatchery. 

Of the climate and its wonderful benefits to those afflicted with pul- 
monary and lung diseases, enough has already been written to make 
mention of it unnecessary. 

An extensive addition has been built this spring, containing forty 

137 




BFABTAN PASS — RAINBOW FALLS. 
CHATEAUGAY, N. V. 



liOME. WATEETOWN & OGDEXSEURG RAILROAD. 

elegant sleeping-rooms large parlor, ladies' billiard- room, and a dance- 
hall. Also, general improvements on the premises and grounds, offer- 
ing increased advantages for the amusement and comfort of guests. 

A first-class livery is connected with the house, where carriages and 
horses can be had at all hours, also saddle-horses. Many beautiful 
drives over good roads can be taken from here. 

Telegraph and post-offices (daily mail) in the house, also telephone 
connection with all principal resorts in the Adirondacks. Amuse" 
ments, boating, shooting, fishing, hunting, driving, billiards, bowling, 
lawn tennis, etc. Brook-trout fishing is best in May and June; fly- 
fishing in July, August, and to September 15th. Deer can be killed 
from August 15tli to November 1st. Hounding deer is permitted 
between September 1st and October 5th. 

A general store in the hotel contains all necessaries for supplying 
camping parties, excepting tents and blankets, at reasonable prices, 
including fishing-tackle, ammunition, etc. 

The through sleeping-car service via tlie fast line. New York Central 
& Hudson River R. R., Rome. Watertown & Ogdensburg R. R. via 
Norwood, Moira & Northern Adirondack R. R., between New York 
and Paul Smith's Station, where stages connect for Paul Smith's 
Hotel, seven miles distant, makes this resort so accessible to people of 
New York and the South, that it is destined to be more popular than 
ever. 

ROME, WATERTOWN & OGDENSBURG RAILROAD. 

EASTERN DIVISION. 

The Eastern Division of the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg Rail- 
road runs from Utica through the valley of the Black River in a north- 
westerly direction to Sackett's Harbor on Lake Ontario, and Clayton, 
Alexandria Bay, Morristown, and Ogdensburg on the St. Lawrence 
River. It passes through a rich farming region, which is diversified 
with romantic and picturesque scenery, and forms the most direct 
route from New York, Philadelphia, and points south and east of Utica 
to the wonderful Trenton Falls, Thousand Islands, Ogdensburg, and 
points on the St. Lawrence River. It runs through Trenton, Boon- 
ville. Remsen, Alder Creek and Lowville — favorite points of departure 
for the Pulton chain of lakes, .John Brown's Tract, and Adirondack 
region — and is the shortest and quickest route from Utica to Clayton, 

138 



ROME, WATERTOWN & OaDEKSBURG RAILROAD. 

Alexandria Bay, and Brockville and Prescott, Canada — favorite points 
for connecting with the steamers of the Royal Mail Line that navigate 
Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence Kiver from Toronto to Montreal 
and Quebec — and the quickest route to the famous Thousand Islands. 
Wagner palace and sleeping cars are run through from New Yoi-k to 
Clayton without change. 

After leaving Utica the first station on this route is — d 

MARCT, Marcy. Oneitla County, New York, 5i miles from Utica.* 
This is a small post village in the town of Marcy, named from Gov. 
William L. Marcy when tlie township was formed from Deerfield in 
1833. The township is a rolling, fertile intervale, rising into a table- 
land about 300 to 500 feet above the valley. 

STITTVILIiE, Trenton, Oneida County, New York, 10 miles from 
Utica. A post-village on the line of Trenton township, containing 
a church, cotton factory, and about 300 inhabitants. 

HOLLAND PATENT, Trenton, Oneida County, New York, 12 
miles from Utica. This is a post village of about 500 inhabitants in 
the west part of the township of Trenton, and named in honor of 
Henry, Lord Holland, a former owner of 20,000 acres of land, princi- 
pally in the townsliip of Trenton. The Holland Land Company pur- 
chased in 1801, in this vicinity, and in the western part of New York 
State, some 77.000 aci'es of land. Gerritt Boon, the agent of this com- 
pany, was one of the early settlers of the town, and from him the 
town of Boonville was named. 

TRENTON, Trenton, Oneida County, N. Y., 16 miles from Utica. 
This beautiful village is at the junction of Cincinnati and Steuben 
creeks. It contains four or five chuiches and about 500 inliabitants. 
It was originally incorporated under the name of " Oldenbarneveldt," 
but in 1864 was organized at Trenton. This village is only If miles 
from the famous Trenton Falls. 

TRENTON FALLS, Trenton, Oneida County, N. Y., 18 miles from 
Utica. Treuton Falls Village contains about 400 inhabitants, and de- 
rives its chief impoi'tance from being near the celebrated falls from 
which it derives its name. 

Trenton Falls consist of a series of six waterfalls on the West 
Canada Creek, which plunges through a deep gorge cut through the 

139 




PABT OF *' HIGH FALLS." TRENTON FALLS, N. Y. 



ROME, AVATERTOWN & OGDENSBURG RAILROAD. 

Trenton limestone from 70 to 300 feet in depth, forming a ravine 
peculiar wiJdness and indescribable beauty, Tlie volume of water i 
pouring over the falls is not large, but plunging over precipitous - 
heights, and rushing down long rapids in fleecy, foaming madness - 
through the deep chasm, presents a scene that has for years charmed 1 
the admirer of the wild and weird, combined with the grand and sub 
lime in nature. The Indian name of the stream is Kany-a-hoo-rk, 
signifying '' leaping or slanting water," which witli Ka-na-ta, "dark i: 
brown water," has passed with its originators into the forgotten past ; ; 
but this "child of a tliousand rapid running rills" flows on forever, 
charming the tourist from all parts of the world, amid its forest bowers 
and rocky grottos. The Indian name of the village was One-ti-a-dah- 
que, signifying "in the bone." It is not our purpose to give an 
extended detailed sketch of this remarkable place, but would refer the 
reader for such to a handbook on Trenton Falls, published by Mr. M. 
Moore, proprietor of Moore's Hotel, Trenton Falls, the son-in-law of 
the Rev. John Sherman, the white pioneer of the place, and proprietor 
of the first public hotel for visitors, erected here in 1822. Since this 
beautiful resort was first brought to public notice, great improvements 
have been effected to make the tour of the falls more easily accom- 
plished. Tons of overhanging and pz-ojecting rocks have been removed, 
staircases constructed, and paths opened, and hotel accommodations 
provided. Moore's Hotel is the largest and best, and is near the 
proper entrance to the scenery of the falls. A few steps from its 
piazzas bring the tourist to the path leading to the falls, and 
introduce him to the panorama of delightful views that develop as he 
makes the tour. The Moore Hotel is open from June to September, 
but convenient accommodations may be obtained near by for those who 
desire to visit the falls at other seasons of the year. 

PROSPECT, Trenton, Oneida County, N. Y., 181 miles from Utica. 
Hotel — Perkins House. On West Canada Creek, above Trenton Falls, 
is a post village of about 400 inhabitants, several churches, and an ex- 
tensive saw-mill and tannery. Above Prospect are some of the most 
beautiful portions of these famous falls, and it will be found a con- 
venient place from which to make the complete tour of this charming 
vicinity. There are many beautiful views near here. The Perkins 
House, the best hotel, is a neat briclc building, well fitted up, and kept 
in very good style. There is a livery connected with the house. 

140 













. ... . -^><^i': 




SHERMAN FALLS. TRENTOU FALLS, N, T. 



HOME, AVATERTOWN & OOxDENSBURG RAILROAD. 

REMSEN, Remsen, Oneida County, N. Y., 21 miles fromUtica. A 
village of about 700 inhabitants, first settled in 1794. In 1808 several 
WeL^h immigrants settled in this place, who were soon followed by- 
more natives of Wales, and the town of Remsen contains more Welsh- 
men and descendants born in America than any other town in N. Y. 
State. The Welsh number more than one half of the inhabitants of 
the town, and of 13 churches 10 hold services in the Welsh language. 

EAST STEUBEN, Steuben, Oneida Co., N. Y., 25 miles from 
Utica. A flag station in east part of town of Steuben. The town- 
ship of Steuben is sparsely settled, and was named in honor of Baron 
Steuben, to whom the State of New York, in 1786, gave 16,000 acres of 
land known as Steuben's Patent. 

ALDER CREEK, Boonville, Oneida County, New York, 28,^^ miles 
from Utica. A station for the village of Alder Creek, one mile east. 
This village is quite a favorite point of departure for tourists to the 
Adirondack region. 

BOONVILLE, Boonville, Oneida County, New York, 34^ miles 
from Utica. Hotel — Hurlbert House. This town was named from 
Gerritt Boon, agent of the Holland Land Co. It is an important vil- 
lage of 1,600 inhabitants, in the northwest part of the township of 
same name, and contains several churches, banks, a printing-oflSce, and 
several manufactories. It is on the summit level of the Black River 
Canal, and contains most of the navigable feeder which supplies this 
summit. This village is one of the great starting-points of visitors to 
the Adirondack region, and large numbers of tourists fit out every 
summer from Boonville for the tour through the North Woods. The 
Hurlbert House is the favorite hotel, and parties can arrange in 
advance for accommodations and guides, by addressing the proprietor, 
who will furnish particulars to tourists and visitors on application. 

LEYDEN, Leyden, Lewis County, New York, o8{ miles from 
IJtiea. A flag station in town of same name. 

PORT LEYDEN, Leyden, Lewis County, New York, 41^ miles 
from Utica. Port Leyden is the chief village of the town, having 
about 1,000 inhabitants. The village lies partly in the town of Greig. 
Iron ore is found near the village, but attempts to manufacture it into 
pigs have thus far been unsuccessful on account of the sulphur in the 
ore. 

141 



ROME, WATERTOWN & 0(;DEN.SHURa RAILROAD. 

LYONS FALLS, West Turin, Lewis County, New York, 44], miles 
Ironi Utica. Lyons Falls is a small village near which are the High 
ii'alls of the Black River, which {)lunge over a gneiss rock 63 feet in 
height, and form a wild, pictui-esquc scene, much visited by lovers of 
the romantic and wcii'd phases of nature. The township of West 
Turin rises from the intervale along the Black Kiver, by successive 
terraces, to the hills on the west about 1,000 feet above the valley of the 
river. Dairying is the principal occujiation of the farmers, and there 
are several cheese factories in the township. 

GLEjNDALE, Martinsburgli, Lewis t'ounty. New York, 51 miles 
from LTtica. A small village on the railroad, containing two hotels 
and a few houses. Another small village of the same name is about 
thi'ce fourths of a mile distant. 

MARTINSBURGH, Martinsburgh, Lewis County, New York, 544 
miles from Utica. Quite an important village of 500 inhabitants, with 
an academy, several churches, a printing-office, with several stores and 
mills. Named from General Walter Martin. The town is largely 
engaged in daii-ying. Whetstone Gulf, near the south border of the 
town, is a deep ravine, 3 miles long, which has scenery of great beauty. 
Chimney Point, 2 mdes west of Martinsburgh, is another ravine, worn 
by Roaring Brook into the Utica slate underlying the town, from 200 
to 250 feet deep. The Chimney is a pyramidal mass of slate, left by 
the wearing action of the two streams that here unite, one falling in a 
beautiful cascade. Above this point the stream is bordered by pre- 
cipitous walls, and the ravine is finally obstructed by a cascade pre- 
venting further ascent. These localities are well worthy of a visit by 
the toiirist who loves to see the marvelous works of nature. 

LOWVILLE, Lowville, Lewis County, New York, 58^ miles from 
Utica. Hotel — Kellogg House. This is one of the prettiest villages in 
northern New York, and has a population of about 3,500. It abounds 
in well-shaded streets, handsome residences, fine drives, and excellent 
hotels. It is the county seat of Lewis County, and is the seat of Low- 
ville Academy, an institution of high educational standing, which has 
been long established, and maintains a separate male and female 
department. Lowville is the principal village of Lewis County, and 
contains 2 banks, 2 newspaper offices, several churches, two or three 
large hotels, and a number of manufactories of various kinds, embrae- 

142 



ROME, WATERTOWX & OGDENSBURO RAILROAD. 

ing scythe, snath, sash and blind factories, a foundry and other varie- 
ties The leading hotel is the Kellogg House, which is one of the 
largest in northern New York. It is built of brick and is furnished in 
good style, and its table is excellent. An omnibus runs to and from the 
railroad station to meet trains, and a first-class livery is connected with 
the house. The Kellogg House is a proper headquarters for parties 
visiting the celebrated North Woods, or Adirondack Region. Guides 
and all the appurtenances required can be obtained in Lowville. 

About Lowville are many beautiful drives. The wonderful curiosities 
of Whetstone Gulf and Chimney Point, alluded to in descriptions of 
Martiusburgh, are only a few miles from this village. 

Hough's History describes the former as follows : " The chasm, 
extending about three nules, is bordered by precipitous banks 200 to 
300 feet in height. The stream is quite irregular in its course, present- 
ing sharp angles and sudden turns, which afford at every step new 
points of interest, and a constant succession of magnificent views. The 
walls approach nearer as we ascend the stream, until they may be 
reached by the outstretched arms, and the torrent is compressed into 
a deep, narrow chasm, which forbids further progress without difficulty 
and danger." 

Chimney Point has acquired the name from a vast triangular pyra- 
mid of slate rock formed by the junction of two gulfs. To the left of 
this, as seen from the banks above, a stream of moderate size falls in a 
beautiful cascade about 60 feet high, breaking into a sheet of foam 
upon the rough bed down which it glides. The finest views are 
presented from the banks, but such as prefer to descend will find them- 
selves amply rewarded by the pleasing variety of scenery which the 
locality presents. 

CASTOR LAND, Denmark, Lewis County, New York, 68^ miles 
from Utica, is a village in the east corner of the township of Denmark, 
opposite the Black River bridge, below the junction of Beaver and 
Black rivers. 

DEER RIVER, Denmark, Lewis County, New York, 70 miles 
from Utica. A village of about 40 houses, on the river of same 
name. Copenhagen, a village of about 700 inhabitants, lies about 3 
miles west of the station. Dairying is the chief business of the town. 

This brings us to CARTHAGE, described on page 133. 

143 



ROME, AVATERTOWX A OnDEXSBl'Rf; RAILROAD 

STERLINGVILLE, Philadclpliiu. Jefferson County, N(!W York, 
83^ miles fmm Ulieii. 

PHILADELPHIA, Philadeli.hia, Jefferson County, New York, 
86.! miles from Utica. This village of about 500 inhabitants is at the 
junction of the Eastern Division with the main line of the Rome, 
Watertown & Ogdensburg R. R., running to De Kalb Junction, 
Ogdensburg, and Norwood, on the Ogdenslnirg & Lake Champlain 
Division of the Central Vermont R. R. Passengers for Gouverneur, 
Canton, I'otsdam, Norwood, and Massena Springs should change to 
main line here, althougli parties going to Massena Springs may con- 
tinue on to Ogdensburg and take the steamer there for Massena. Pass- 
ing Shurtlitfs, a flag station, we reach — 

THERESA JUNCTION, Theresa, Jefferson County, New York, 
92t miles from Utica, the junction of the Clayton Branch with the 
Morristown Division, which runs to Morristown and Ogdensburg. 



From Theresa Junction to Clayton is 16 miles. The Clayton Branch 
runs west through Stroughs, Orleans Corners, a small village, to — 

LAFARGEVILLE, Orleans, Jefferson County, New York, 101 
miles from Utica, containing an academy and several houses. 

CLAYTON, Clayton, Jefferson County, New York, 108 miles from 
Utica. Hotels— Hubbard House, Walton House, and New Windsor 
Hotel. This village, with a population of 1,700, is on the southeast 
bank of the St. Lawrence River, at the mouth of French's Creek, by 
which name it was formerly called. Clayton contains four churches, 
an academy, a number of stores, and is an important river and ship- 
ping town. The R., W. & O. R. R. connects here, without transfer, 
for Alexandria Bay and other points. The St. Lawrence Steamboat 
Express carries a solid train, making direct and immediate connections 
with the principal resorts and summer homes in the entire Thousand 
Island region. The Royal Mail Line of steamers for Montreal and 
Niagara Falls touch at this point also. Clayton is the base of supplies 
for the cottage people all along the river. It is quite accessible to 
most of the popular resorts in the Thousand Island region. 



144 



Thousand Islands, River St Lawrence. 



THE NEW WINDSOR, 
GL.-A.-^'TOisr, 3sr. ■^. 

n~'HIS Hotel has been newly re-built and furnished tliroughout ; is 
located centrally, with magnificent river frontage, within fifty 
feet of the St. Lawrence, affording beautiful views of the River 
and Islands from its verandas. Is guarded against fire, and is 
supplied with hot and cold water. Tourists and pleasure seekers will 
find this a first-class Hotel. Delightful scenery, pure air, good 
boats, fishing-tackle, and experienced oarsmen always in attendance 

FI^H PACKED AND SHIPPED FOR PARTIES WHEN DESIRED. 

W. p. HAWES, Manager. 



Fhousand Islands, River St. Lawrence. 



ISAAK WALTON HOUSE. 



The Largest and Kinest House at 
Clayton, N. Y. 



Has fine view of the St. Lawrence, and is the oldest fishing resort 
on the river. Good boats, fishing-tackle, and experienced oarsmen 
always in readiness. Steam yachts provided when desired. 

For terms and circulars, address 

S. D. JOHNSTON, Proprietor, 

CLAYTON, N. Y. 



THOUSAND ISLANDS, 

RIVER ST. LAWRENCE. 



HUBBARD HOUSE, 

CLAYTON, N. Y. 

Lovers of Delightful Scenery, Pure Atr, and 
Excellent Fishing 

Will find every facility afforded them at this House. 



GOOD BOATS, FISHING TACKLE, AND EXPERIENCED OARSMEN 

Will always be in attendance, 
AND FISH PACKED AND SHIPPED FOR PARTIES WHEN DESIRED, 



The Table is supplied daily with fresh VEGETABLES and 
MILK from the Hubbard House Farm. 



J. T. HUBBARD, - - Proprietor. 



ROME, WATKIITOWN & OGDENSBURG RAILROAD. 



THE THOUSAND ISLANDS. 

The region covered by the name " The Thousand Islands " is a portion 
of the St. Lawrence River extending some 30 miles from Cape Vincent, 
N. Y., to Alexandria Bay. The noble St. Lawrence is here studded 
with islands of various shapes and sizes, giving rise to the name of the 
"Thousand Islands," and forming one of the most beautiful and juc- 
turesque portions of American scenery. The broad St. Lawrence, 
expanded here to the width of a large lake, studded with these thou- 
sands of rocky, wooded islands with their myriad rocks, inlets, and 
]U"ouiontories, and washed by the beautiful, clear, marine-colored waters 
of this mighty river, presents to the appreciative lover of nature one of 
the most charming and fascinating resorts that the world affords. It 
is doubtful if, among all the places of popular summer resort in this 
country, any one of them has within the late few years sprung into 
such favorite prominence as has the River St. Lawrence, along that 
section embracing the Thousand Islands. 

In the old Indian days this beautiful extent of the river went by the 
name of Manatoana, or Garden of the Great Spirit ; and indeed, when 
the islands were covered with thick forests, and the wild deer swam 
from isle to isle, and each little lily-padded bay, nestling in among the 
hills and bluffs of the islands, teemed with waterfowl that were 
never disturbed by the report of a gun, it seemed appropriate that the 
Indian, in his half-poetic mood, should dedicate this beautiful region 
to his Supreme Deity. It was emphatically a wilderness garden ; and 
to-day, although Alexandria Bay exhibits many phases of active life, 
the Thousand Islands are not in the least tinctured with the common 
appearance of ordinary watering-places. There are hundreds, thou- 
sands of places, rugged, wild, and solitary, among which a boat can 
glide, while its occupant lies gloriously at ease ; little bays, almost laud- 
locked, amid the resinous odors of hemlock and pine, where Nature 
charms with resistless fascination, and solitude holds its captive spell- 
bound. Such scenes as these may be found in that beautiful, placid 
Lake of the Isle, lying amid the piney hills of Wellesley's Island, 
reflecting their rugged crests in its glassy surface. 

Soon after leaving Cape Viiicent, the steamer touches at CARXJE!- 

145 



ROME, WATERTOWX X OGDEXSIU-RG RAILROAD. 

TON ISLAND, t(!Ti miles down the river, and several miles from 
Alexandria Bay, where several pretty club houses and cottages, owned 
by residents of Rome, Utica, and Ithaca, are seen. Bluff Island, in 
the Canadian channel, rises abruptly 80 feet above a depth of 100 feet 
of water at its feet, and affords a magnificent view of the islands of 
both channels of the river. 

The reader should note the huge stone chimneys which stand out 
boldly against the sky, upon the bluff at this place. They mark the 
site of old Fort Frontenac, built here, during the Revolutionary war, 
by British engineers, and which is still well preserved, as it must be for 
centuries to come, its trenches being cut in the solid rock. The scenery 
from this point to the neighborhood of Clayton, where a stop is made, 
is very attractive ; several handsome cottages are seen upon Prospect 
Park, a short distance below, and immediately opposite are the notable 
summer homes of ex-Lieut. -Governor Alvord and Mr. Chas. G. Emery 
of New York. The latter is an expensive place. 

" ROUND ISLAND PARK occupies the entire island from which 
it takes its name. ROUND ISLAND is situated in the American 
channel of the river St. Lawrence, one and a half miles below Clay- 
ton, and one-fourth of a mile from the south shore of the river. 
The island is about one mile long and 1.400 feet wide, and takes 
its name from its shape, which is nearly oval. It is undoubtedly the 
gem of the Thousand Islands, and with its elegantly appointed first- 
class hotel, now in its ninth season and greatly enlarged, the many 
beautiful cottages along the shore, splendid drives, beautiful grounds, 
luxuriant foliage, substantial docks, and peerless water front, there is 
no doubt that it will verify the confident prediction of the originators 
of the enterprise, and be the favorite resort among the Thousand 
Islands. 

" The great charm of Round Island Park is its freedom from repres- 
sive conventionalities. Guests at the hotel and cottages vie in the 
general effort to promote the enjoyment of all. Flannels are in order 
at all times, and yet there is an abundant opportunity for the display 
of costumes at the hops, which occur almost nightly at the hotel, an 
excellent orchestra being maintained throughout the season." 

PROSPECT PARK. Prospect Park is a projecting point of main- 
land, one mile above Clayton, formerly known as Bartlett's Point. Its 

146 



ROME, WATERTOWN & OGDENSBURG RAILROAD. 

peculiar configuration gives it advantages which are not possessed by 
any other park on the St. Lawrence River. " Projecting into the 
water, it commands an unbroken view, in either direction, of the 
river and its scenery. It rises as a bluff in one place to the height 
of 85 feet, and at another spot attains an altitude of 100 feet 
above the water. The view from this bluflf on a clear day is enchant- 
ing in its loveliness. To the westward, Lake Ontario, 17 miles 
distant, and Carleton Island, may be seen in pale outline ; looking 
down the river, Alexandria Bay and the miniature world of parks, 
hotels, and island homes are witliin the range of vision ; to the north 
the spires of Gananoque, and farther west those of Kingston, stand in 
sharp relief against the cloudless sky. 

" Turning from all this, a glance southward captivates the beholder 
with the beauty of the landscape, gentle slopes, wooded hills and fruit- 
ful fields indicating thrift and intelligent husbandry, spread out before 
liim. The glow of sunset is the finishing touch which Nature gives to 
this delightful picture. Tlie visitor at the Park will soon make this 
elevated spot his favorite haunt." 

THOUSAND ISLAND PARK, 3 miles below Round Island, is 
an extensive tract at the head of Wellesley's Island, which forms tlie 
contracted American channel leading to Alexandria Bay. Several 
hundred summer homes are ranged along the water front and hidden 
amid the dense groves, which afford shade and seclusion. The Thou- 
sand Island Park Hotel, which occupies a commanding site, is one of 
the largest on the river. A system of educational and religious meet- 
ings, somewhat similar to that in vogue at Chautauqua, serves to attract 
a large number of visitors to this place, an extensive tabernacle having 
been built for the purpose. A picturesque lighthouse marks tlie 
American channel, which continues for 7 miles to Alexandria Bay. 

WELLESLEY'S ISLAND is one of the more prominent islands, 
and extends from a point five miles below Clayton to a point a little 
below Alexandria Bay, and is nine miles long, with an average width 
of one and one-half miles. On the lower part, directly opposite and 
half a mile from the village of Alexandria Bay, is located Westminster 
Park, comprising 500 acres of land, and now in the hands of an asso- 
ciation which is rapidly improving it and disposing of lots. Prom the 
summits of this island, which are reached by easy slopes either in car- 

147 



ROME, WATERTOWN * OGDENSBURfi RAILROAD. 

nages or on foot, tlie whole group of the Thousand Islands, extending 
along the river for a distance of twenty miles, is brought into full 
view. 

MARY ISLAND is about 1,600 feet in length, oval-shaped, and of 
about the same elevation as the adjacent portion of Wellesley's Island. 
A narrow passage, \ised by the fishing-boats, separates it from the east- 
ern extremity of Wellesley's Island. A short rustic bridge connects 
the two islands. 

BONNIE! CASTLE is a charming island, formerly the country 
seat of the late J. G. Holland. 

Before reaching Alexandria Bay, Central Park, a popular resort on 
the American shore, is seen. 

LOCAL DISTANCES. 



FROM CAPE VINCENT. 

To Carlton Island 3 mile.- 

" ProBpect Park 13 " 

" Clayton 14 " 

" Round Island 16 " 

" Thousand Island Park 18 " 

" Fisher's Landing 20 '" 

" Alexandria Bay 26 " 

" Kingston 10 " 

" Gananoque L5 " 



FROM ALEXANDRIA BAT. 

To Westminster Park 1 mile. 

'■ Rochfort Smiles. 

" Central Park 2 '■ 

" Carlton Island 24 " 

" Prospect Park 1.3 " 

" Thousand Island Park 8 " 

" Fisher's Landing 6 " 

" Ogdt-nsburg 32 " 

" Montreal 140 " 



ALEXANDRIA BAY, Jefferson County, New York. Hotels- 
Thousand Island House, Crossman's. Alexandria Bay is on the south- 
east shore of the St. Lawrence River, 30 miles from Cape Vincent, 12 
miles from Clayton, and 32 miles from Ogdensburg. It has been re- 
garded as the leading tourist point among the islands, having been noted 
as a resort for anglers for many years. Here, as at other points along 
the river already referred to, excellent boats, manned by professional 
fishermen, will enable visitors to enjoy the exciting sport of trolling for 
the large fish in which these waters abound. At Alexandria Bay, the 
large passenger steamers of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Com- 
pany stop and take on board the tourists destined for the voyage of 
twelve hours down the rapids of the St. Lawrence River to Montreal 
and beyond. Passengers going to the White Mountains via Rouse's 
Point, over the 0. & L. C. R. R., also take these boats as far as Ogdens- 
burg. 

The Thousand Island House commands many of the grandest views 

148 





mm .,ifflii:ii,;ii¥i,i]il!iiiiniin!ii,M m 


liiwBr^n^:.i™.i'N, ',iMiiiii;i.i 


iH'iTi iirjinnfliTMiiiiiiiuiiiii. M'.m 


'""*"■"'""" " '^ I 


r 




.1 


m 


% 





ROME. WATERTOWN * OGDENSRUKG RAILROAD. 

of the river in both directions. The hotel will accommodate abont ."300 
guests. Those who stop here will find the rest, comfort, and attention 
which they seek in going from city to country, and every facility will 
be afforded them for seeing and enjoying the rare scenery and varied 
amusements of the river and islands. Families and parties can be ac- 
commodated with desirable suites of rooms at reasonable prices, with 
private dining-rooms if desired. Invalids can have fire in their rooms 
when wanted, and whatever else the hotel can provide in the way of 
special comforts and attention. 

There are numerous country seats and cottages scattered upon the 
various islands of this famous region, and presenting an indescribable 
charm to one of the loveliest of Nature's pictures. 

Of this favored locality an able writer has said : ' ' The air is light, 
dry, and mellow, and is adapted to the constitution of almost every 
one, producing a kind of peace-withall-the- world feeling, and endow- 
ing one with a new and wondrous activity. Fogs rarely occur here, 
and you can remain day and night out of doors without peril to health. 
Neither is the night atmosphere damp and heavy, as it is near the sea- 
shore and at many of the inland resorts ; it is generally with tardy steps 
that one withdraws indoors at meal-time or for the night. Many a 
time have we, after retiring to our bed, opened the blinds and windows 
of our room so as to obtain one more view of Nature in her evening dress, 
before closing our eyes for the night. Our room commanded a pro- 
longed view of the river. A delicate breeze would be rippling the 
waters, which, through the mingled light of moon and stars, looked 
like countless spangles of silver. The islands across the channel threw 
their black shadows upon the scene, from out the darkness of which 
peered here and there the light of some islander, who, like ourselves, 
was loath to go to bed. Then a strain of music would be heard coming 
from some happy craft, far enough away to prevent all discord, and 
permit only the harmony to reach our ears. And then, with such 
soothing strains filling our souls, with all serene without, Nature's sweet 
restorer. Sleep, would steal away our senses." 

The Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg R. R., after reaching Clayton, 
makes direct and immediate connection for Alexandria Bay and other 
points, without transfer, at steamboat dock. Passengers by the Rome, 
Watertown & Ogdensburg R. R. leave New York at Grand Central 
Depot on the 6 p. m. train of the New York Central & Hudson River 

149 




UWIilTHGOW. XMDUSAND ISLANDS 



ROME, WATERTOWN & OOtDENSBURG RAILROAD. 

R. R. on through Wagner sleeping-car, and arrive at Clayton at 5.45 
A. M. next day, and Alexandria Bay at 6.55 A. m. 

Ogdensburg is the terminus of the R., W, & 0. R. R., connecting 
with the Lake Champlain Division of the Central Vermont R. R., for 
Vermont and the East. 

One of the Canadian mail line of steamers leaves Toronto at 10 
o'clock every morning, except Sunday, for Montreal, stopping at 
Kingston, Clayton, Alexandria Bay, BrockvUle, Prescott, and ports 
beyond. These boats leave Alexandria Bay at 8 a. m. and arrive at 
Montreal at 6 P. M. 

By the same line, travelers and tourists may take a sleeping-car at 
night from New York Central depot, breakfast at Watertown, continue 
by rail to Cape Vincent, then run, without transfer, to Alexandria 
Bay for dinner. Trains leaving the Grand Central station, New York, 
in the morning, reach Thousand Islands late in the evening. 



From Theresa Junction the route to Morristown and Ogdensburg is 
through — 

THERESA VILLAGE, Theresa, Jefferson County, New York, 
94f miles from Utica. A village of about 1,000 inhabitants, near 
High Falls of the Indian River, where the river falls in rapids about 
85 feet within one fourth of a mile. 

REDWOOD, Alexandria, Jefferson County, New York, 101 miles 
from Utica. Hotel — American. This village contains about 800 
inhabitants, and is six miles from Alexandria Bay, to which stages 
run on arrival of the passenger trains on this railroad. The scenery 
around Redwood is picturesque, and abounds in numerous lakes, which 
afford excellent fishing for pike, pickerel, lake trout, and various kinds 
of bass. The " American " is an excellent hotel. 

ROSSIE, Rossie, St. Lawrence County, New York, 108i miles 
from Utica. A small village of 200 inliabitants, at the head of naviga- 
tion on the Indian River. The township is rich in minerals, such as 
graphite, heavy spar, calcite, zircon, phlogopite, celestine, spirelle, 
carbonate of iron, arsenical pyrites, etc. 

HAMMOND, Hammond, St. Lawrence County, New York, 112A 
miles from Utica. This village is in the midst of a fertile agricultural 
region. 

150 




GLIMPSES OV NOBBY ISLAND, TUOUSAND ISLANDS. 



ROME^ WATERTOWN & OGDENSBURG RAILROAD. 

1 

BRIER HILL, Morristown, St. Lawrence County, New York, 

118 miles from Utica. Quite an important business center in the town 
of Morristown, a little west of the central part of the town. 

MORRISTOWN, Morristown, St. Lawrence County, New York, 
123i miles from Utica. Morristown is an important village on the 
east bank of the St. Lawrence River. It contains about 500 inhabitants, 
and is opposite Brockvillo, Canada, with which it is connected by steam- 
ers, and at which point connection is made with the St. Lawrence 
River steamers, the Canadian Pacific Railroad, and the Grand Trunk 
Railroad for Ottawa and various parts of Canada. Steamers also run i 
from Morristown to Ogdensburg, Alexandria Bay, the Thousand Islands, 
and other points on the St. Lawrence River. Morristown Park, one 
mile from Morristown, is a delightful resort on the river shore, with an 
elegant hotel called the Terrace House. Trains stop directly in front 
of this hotel. The Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad extends 
from Morristown along the east bank of the St. Lawrence River to 
Ogdensburg, where connection is made witli the Ogdensburg & Lake 
Champlain Division of the Central Vermont R. R., and by steam ferry 
with Prescott, Canada, the Montreal and Quebec steamers, and the 
Grand Trunk Railway. 

OGDENSBURG, Oswegatchie, St. Lawrence County, New York: 
population, 13,000; 406 miles from Boston, 285 miles from Niagara 
Falls. Hotels — Seymour House, Windsor House. The city of 
Ogdensburg is on the St. Lawrence River, at the termini of the 
Ogdensburg & Lake Chamj)lain and the Rome, Watertown & Ogdens- 
burg Railways. It is on a hillside and plateau just at the mouth of the 
Oswegatchie River, which drives the machinery of several factories, 
large dams having been built for the purpose. Ogdensburg is a United 
States port of entry and delivery, and has a custom-house and post- 
office built of Ohio sandstone, at a cost of about $250,000. Among the 
several churches may be mentioned the First Presbyterian, a handsome 
structure of stone. Along the east bank of the Oswegatchie are fine 
private residences, many of which are surrounded by handsome gardens 
and ornamental grounds. The city is supplied with water on the Holly 
System by a corporate company. The main street is lined with hand- 
some stores. There are three banks, three daily newspapers, and sev- 
eral manufactories. 

151 



ROME, WATERTOU'N" & OfiDENSBURG RAILROAD, 

Prom the wharf of the passenger station may be seen, on the oppo- 
site side of the St. Lawrence, the stone windmill where the last scene 
of the Mackenzie Rebellion of 1838 was enacted. There a little band 
of brave though mistaken " patriots " held out for nearly a week 
against several times their number of royal troops and militia. 
Ogdensburg was one of the points selected for a base of operations dur- 
ing the Fenian invasion of Canada in 186G. 

At Ogdensburg connections are made with Ogdensburg & Lake 
Champlain Railroad; also with ferry for Prescott. At Prescott, with 
Grand Ti'unk Railway; also with Canadian Pacific Railway for 
Ottawa. 

152 



ST, LAWRENCE HALL 




MONTREAL. 

HENRY HOQAN, - - - Proprietor. 

For the past thirty years this HOTEL famiharly known as the "ST. 
LAWRENCE ' ' has been a household word to all Travelers on the Conti • 
nent of North America, and has l)een patronized by all the ROYAL and 
NOBLE Personages who have visited the City of Montreal. 

This HOTEL, including the entire block which is admirably situated, 
being in the very heart of the city and contiguous to the General Post 
Office, Public Buildings and other places of Interest and of Business, has 
recently been acquired by Mr. Henry Hogan, the former proprietor, who 
has handsomely and appropriately decorated and renovated the interior, 
and completely refitted the whole of the apartments with new furniture, 
comprising loo new rooms making the present number of apartments 250, 
A new and elegant Passenger Elevator has also been added, and the Halls 
and Public Rooms are lighted by the Electric and Incandescent Lights, 
iiiaking it the most attractively lighted Hotel' in the Dominion. 

The HOTEL is managed by Mr. Samuel Montgomery under the im- 
mediate personal supervision of Mr. Hogan, than whom no one is better 
qualified to conduct an hostelry of such magnitude as the ST. LAW- 
RENCE HALL, ar.d than wliom no one has gained a better reputation as 
an obliging, generous and considerate host. 



Hotel Coaches are in attendance on Arrival of all Trains and Steamers. 
All Baggage Checks shonld be gi^en to the Porters in Attendance. 



J. J. MiLLOY, 

TAILOR, 

259 St. James Street, 

MONTREAL, CANADA. 



GENTLEMEN'S CLOTHING 

TO ORDER ON SHORT NOTICE. 

Ladies' Suits, Coats, Riding Habits? 

BXC, 

TEOM EXCLUSIVE STYLES AND PATTERNS, 

TO ORDER ON SHORT NOTICE TO 

Aeeommodate Transient Travel. 



THE 



YOST WRITING MACHINE. 




TYPE-EARS WITH ABSOLUTE AND PERMANENT ALIGNMENT. 



No Ribbon. Direct Printing. Unlimited Speed. 
Simple, Noiseless. Portable. 



MUIR, HAWLEY & MAYO CO., 

SALES AGENTS, 
343 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 



OPEN AIR SPORTS. 



The NEW YORK TRIBUNE 

has prepared an excellent volume on all tlie different open ah 
exercises and amusements in vogue in America, 500 large i)ages, 
150 illustrations. Price, $1.00 per copy. 

Every one who goes into the country in the Summer would 
derive far more amusement from his stay among the hills, waters, 
and forests, from having one of these books for referen(!e, and the 
benefit is great to every one who rides horseback, sails, rows, ])iays 
tennis, shoots, or swims ; to say nothing of taking i)art in the 
multitude of other amusements described at length in the book. 
Many a gallant and successful yacht has been built fnnn lines laid 
down in this work. Many a man and woman have learned to ride 
horseback from its teachings. And readers of all ages and conditions 
have testified heartily to the great benefit this book has been to 
them. The topics are all treated by men who know what hey are 
talking about. There are chapters on Archery, Horsemanship, all 
kinds of Ball, Tennis, Fishing, Trapping, Yachting, Boating, 
Canoeing (with rules for building boats large and small), Swimming, 
Shooting, Bicycling, Photography, Winter Sports, etc., etc., etc. 
The distressing accidents of Summer can all be avoided by following 
the rules of this book. Price, ,fl.00 per copy. 



THE TRIBUNE. 

It is no trouble to change the address of the Tribune to readers 
in the country. Terms are : 

1 year. 6 mos. ,3 mos. 1 mo. 

Daily, 7 days a week, $10 00 $5 GO $2 50 $1 00 

Daily, without Sunday, 8 00 4 00 2 00 90 

Sunday Tribune, 2 00 I 00 50 

THE TRIBUNE, NEW YORK. 




BUSINESS 



I 



OR 



PLEASURE 



THE 



GREAT SCENIC ROUTE 

OF AMERICA. 



A continuous Panorama of magnificent scenery from the 
Seaboard to the Lakes. 



THE MAGNIFICENT PJJLLMAN SERVICE VIA TBE 

ERIE RAILROAD 

AND ITS CONNECTIONS IS UNSURPASSED BY ANY ROUTE 

TO AND FROM THE WEST. 

THROUOH SERVIfE TO 

CLEVELAND, CHICAGO. CINCINNATI, AND ST. LOUIS. 



If on a business trip, take the ERIE. 

If on a pleasure trip, take the ERIE. 

Under any circumstances, take the ERIE, 

AND YOU WILL TRAVEL OVER A RAILROAD UNEQUALED IN FACILITIES FOR 
COMFORT AND SAFETY. 



i 



CHAUTAUQUA LAKE 

is on tlic M;iiii Lino of the ERIE RAILKOAD ^ 
^S Express Trains l)eiween New York. Bc>s.ton, ^| 
and Cleveland, Chicaiio, C'inciiinut', .Si. Louis 
etc., land passenfrers at Jaiiie<«toivii and 
liHkcwood. Pullman Buffet service. No 
extra charge for fast time. 

L. P. FARMER, Gen. Pass. Agent. 

GEO. De HAVEN, Ass't Gen. Pass. Agent. 





HUDSON RIVER BY DAYLIGHT. 



-'^^■iis^^ 



DAY LINE STEAMERS, 

"NEW YORK" AND "ALBANY," 

Leave Brooklyn, by Annex, 8 A m.. New York, Vestry St., Pier 39, 
N. K. (adjoining Jersey City Ferry), 8.40 A. m., and foot 22d St., N. R., 
9 A. M., landing at Yonkers, West Point, Newburfjh, Poughkeepsie, 
Kbinebeck, Catskiil, and Hudson. Returniuji:, leave Albany, 8.30 
A. M., from foot of Haniiltou .St., arriving in New York at o.80 P.M. 

CHOICE OF TWO ROUTES 

10 THK 

RESORTS OF THE CATSKILLS. 

CON NECTIONS : 

WEST POINT— With Stages for Cranston's and Wfst Point Hot^lK, and with 

down boat at '^..^O. 
NEWBURGH With down boat at -J.l.-). 
POUGHKEEPSIE— With down boat l.'M. 
RHINEBECK— With Ferry for lUmdont.and THster and Delaware R. R fi.r Catskiil 

Mountain Resorts, and Wallliill Valley R. R for Lake Mohuiik. 
CATSKILL With Catskiil Mountain R. R. 
HUDSON— With Bo>iton and Albany R. R.. for Chatham, Fittsfleld, North Adams, 

Lebanon Springs, etc. 

ALBANY— With through trains for Utica. Alexandria Bay, Geneva, Xiiisfara Falls. 
ItufTiilo, Watertowii. Thousand Islands and Western points. Special trains from 
the Steamers' Wharf to and from Saratoga. Through tickets sold to all points. 

DINING SALOON ON THE MAIN DECK. 

Me<i/s serred on the European Plau. 

AN ELEGANT ORCHESTRA ON EACH STEAMER. 



Tickets reading via New York Central and Hudson River R. R , or West Shore, 
between Albany and New York, are available on these Steamers. 




I'm- Beauty, Grandeur, and Healthfnl- 

uusii, HO Region in tlie World 

conipaies witll 

LAKE GEORGE 



Adirondack 
Mountains 



KLIZABETIITOWN, 

KEKNE VALLEY, LAKE PLACID, 

SARANAC, CHATEAUGAY, LOON, 

AND ST. REGIS LAKES. 



THE ONLY DIRECT LINE TO THIS SUMMER PARADISE 

DELAWARE AND HUDSON R, R. 

The ''FAVORITK TOURIST ROUTE" to 

Saratoga, Round Lake, 

Ausable Chasm, Sharon Springs, 
Lake Champlain, Howes Cave, 
Cooperstown, 

And tlie celeDrated GRAVITY RAILROAD lietween Honesdale and CarDondale. 



The Shortest and Most f'OMFonTABi,E Route kktwekn 

NEW YORK AND MONTREAL 



R lil Tiikets arc trood for passage on tlic Lake Champlain Steamers. 

The new route to Paul Smith's and Saranac Lake via the D. & H. and the (Jlia- 
teaugay Hailroads from Flattsburg is 67 miles shorter tlian via any other line. Only 
one hour's eiage ride to the famous Lake Placid. 

Enclose Six Ceuts in stamps for illustrated descrijjtive Ijook of the line to 

H. G. YOUNG, J. W. BURDICK, 

General Manager, General Passexgrr Ai/ent, 

^3k.LBA.NY, ]Sr. Y. 



PEOPLE'S EVENING LINE 

BETWEEN 

NEW YORK AND ALBANY. 




During the Season of Navigation, the SLeumers 

DREW or DEAN RICHMOND, 

Cap*. S. J. ROE. Electric Lights in Every Room. Capt. THOS. POST. 

WILL. LEAVE NEW YORK FOR ALBAXV, 

Daily, Sundays excepted, at 6 P. M., from Pier 41 (Old No.) 
North Eiver, Foot of Canal Street. 

Connecting with trains for SARATOGA, LAKE GEORaE, LAKE CHAM- 
PLAIN, the ADIRONDAOKS and Summer Resorts of the 
NORTH, EAST AND WEST. 

Saratoga Office, 361 Broadway. 

LEAVE ALBANY. 

Every week day at 8 P. M., or on arrival of trains from NORTH, EAST and WEST, 
connecting at New York with ALL EARLY TRAINS for the SOUTH. Meals on the 
European Plan. 



FOR TICKETS IN NE^V YORK 

Apply at Company's Office (Pier 41 North River); and at all principal Hotels and 
Ticket Offices in New York, and on board the Steamers. R. R. Office throughout 
the countrj'. 

Tickets sold and baggage checked to all points WEST via N. Y. C. & H. R R., 
N. Y. & W. S., D. & H. C. Co , Fitchburg, Cent'l Vt., B. & A., and O. & L. C. Rail- 
roads, etc. 
W. W. EVERETT, J. H. ALLAIRE, M. B. WATERS, 

Prtsidevt. 6e7il T. Agent. Gen I'ass Agent. 



DRINK THE GENUINE 

EXCELSIOR WATER 

OF SARATOGA. 

CURBS DYSPEPSIA, HEAOACHES, COIVSTIPATION, ETC. 

Sold on Draught and in Bottles by First-olass Druggists and Hotels. 




TRADE MARK 



The Gennine EXCELSIOR "WATER 
is sold on Draught only through the 
Trade Mark. Ask yoikr druggist for it, 
and be sure yon get the "EXCELSIOR" 
draw^n through the Trade Mark as shoxirn 
in the annexed sketch. Avoid Artificial 
and Recharged Waters. 



The " Excelsior " Water is unequalled as a cathartic and diuretic, 
and is used with great success in treating diseases of the Liver and 
Kidneys. See below letters from two of our best known medical men. 



From Fordyco Barker, M. D., of >eiT York. 

I make great use of the various mineral waters in my practice, and I regard the 
" Excelsior " Spring Water of Sarato;.;a as the best saline and alkaline laxative of 
this class. Sparkling with Carbonic Acid Gas. it is to most persons very agreeable 
to the taste, and prompt in action as a gentle Diuretic and Cathartic. 

FOEDYCE BAKKER, M. D. 

From Alfred L. Looinis, M. D., of New York. 

During my whole professional life I have been accustomed to use freely the 
Water of Congress and Empire Springs. About six months since, accidentally, I 
was furnished with a few bottles of the " Excelsior " hpring Water, and found it so 
much more agreeable to the taste and pleasant in its effects than either Congress or 
Empire Water, that I have since used it myself, and recommend it to patients 
r<iquiring a gentle Cathartic and Diuretic. A. L. LOOM IS, M. D. 



THE BOTTLED "EXCELSIOR" WATER 
is unexcelled, and retains all its properties unim- 
paired for years. 



Address FRANK W LAWRENCE, 
Proprietor Excelsior and Unioii Springs, 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 




■DRS. STRONG'S SANITARIUM, 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 

POPULAR SUMMER RESORT. Open all tlie year. Receives patients or 
boimiers, permanent or transient. Lociitioii central, quiet, shady, and within tliree 
minntes' wallv of the hirue hotels, principal sprinfjs, <'ons;ress P.\rl<, and other 
sources of attraction. Fine Lawr. Tennis and C'roqinf (JrnmHls, Desirable rooms, 
extensive piazzas, ample grounds. Table and apiiointiiiont.'* Flrst-C'lass. 
Heated by steam. The bath department is com|)leto and eUirant, affording Turk- 
ish, Russian, Roman, and Blectro-tlieruial Baths and 31assage. 

Genial, cultured society and a pleasant home aie always found here. It is the 
resort of many eminent persons for rest and recreation. Among its iiatrons and 
references are Rev. Theo. L. Cuyleu, D.U. (Brooklyn;; Rev. D. R. Keisr, D.D. 
(Richmond); Rev. Ohas. F. Deems, D.D. (N. Y.); Rev. R. D. H.\kper, D.D. (Phila- 
delphia) ; Rev. C. C. '-Chaplain" McCabe (Chicago); Rev. Dr. Jno. Potts (Ottawa); 
Bishops Foss and Bowman; Hon. F. C. Sessions (Columbus. O.); J. M. Phillips 
(M. E. Book Concern, N. Y.); Jas. McCreery (N. Y.); ex-Gov. Wells (Va.); 
Presidents McCosii (Princeton), Warren (Boston Univ.); Judges Reynolds 
(Brooklyn), Drake (Washington), Hand (Penn.), Bliss (Mo.); Med. Profs. Rosa 
(Chicago), Knapp (X. Y.), Ford (Ann Arbor), and many others equally known. 

During the entire year the Sanitarium is made specially attractive to its guests by 
frequent entertainments of varied character. There is no appearance of invalidism. 
The remedial and hotel interests in no way interfere, patients receiving at all times 
every care and attention. The proprietors are "regular" physicians, graduates of 
the Medical Department, University of the City of New York. The Sanitarium is 
one of the nio.-t complete in its appointments in the country, and is endorsed and 
largely patronized by the medical profession. Besides the ordinary remedial agents 
available in treneral practice, such special appliances are used as Massage, Turkish, 
Russian, Roman, Electro-thermal, Hvdroiiathic B.itlis ; Galvanic and Faradic 
Electricity, Pneumatic Cabinet, Vacuum Treatment, Movement Cure. Compressed 
Air, Oxv?en and Medicated Inhalations, Health Lift, Calisthenics, and the 
Mineral Waters. SEND FOR CIRCULAR. 



SARATOGA 

GEYSER WATER! 



THE LEADING WATER OF SARATOGA. 



FOR DYSPEPSIA it is unrivaled. It contains 
more Soda and Magnesia combined than any 
other Saratoga water. 

FOR KIDNEY DISEASES it, beyond dis- 
pute, excels all other waters. It contains a much 
larqer quantity of Lithia than any of the so-called 
Lithia waters. 

AS A CATHARTIC, when taken rather 
warm before breakfast, it is tnild yet thorough. 
It is not a harsh water. 

BEWARE OF MANUFACTURED WATER. 

Ask: foi- SARATOGA Geyser. 

For sale by the Glass, fresh from the Bottle, at our office, 3 and 4 
Congress Park Place, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Address 

GEYSER SPRING CO., 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 



TOURISTS' IDEAL ROUTE, 

NIAGARA TO THE SEA. 

EOME, WATERTOWN & 0&DENSBUR& R. R. 

Great Highway and Favorite Route fur Fashionable I'leasuro Travel. 
Only All-Rail Route to Thousand Islands. 

1889. NEW FAST TRAINS, AVOIDING STOPS. 1889. 

WAGNER PALACE SLEEPING CARS. 

NEW YORK AND PAUL SMITH'S, 15 Hours. 

NEW YORK AND CLAYTON, 1 1 Hours. 

NIAGARA FALLS AND CLAYTON, 9J^ Hours. 
NIAGARA FALLS, PORTLAND AND BAR HARBOR, MAINE. 

Via Norwood, Fabyans, Crawford Notch, and all White Mountain Resorts. 

WAGNER PALACE DRAWING-ROOM CARS. 

NIAGARA FALLS AND CLAYTON. 

ROCHESTER AND CLAYTON. 

SYRACUSE AND CLAYTON. 

ALBANY AND CLAYTON. 

UTICA AND CLAYTON. 

Direct and immediate connections are made at Clayton with powerful 
steamers for Alexandria Bay and all Thousand Island Resorts, also with Rich. 
& Ont. Nav. Co. Steamers for Montreal. Quebec and River Saguenay, passing 
all of the Thousand Islands and Rapids of the River 8t. Lawrence by day- 
light. For tickets, time-tables and further information apply to nearest 
ticket agent or correspond with General Passenger Agent, Oswego, N. Y. 



ROUTES AND RATES FOR SUMMER TOURS. 

A beautiful book of 200 pages, profusely illustrated, contains maps, 
cost of tours, list of hotels, and describes over 400 Combination Summer 
Tours via Thousand Islands and Rapids of the St. Lawrence River, Saguenay 
River, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Lake Champlain, Lake George, White Moun- 
tains, to Portland, Keunebiink, Boston, New York and all Mountain, Lake, 
River and Sea Shore Resorts in Canada, New York and New England. It is 
the Destbook given away. Send ten ci nts postage to General Passenger 
Agent, Oswego, N. Y. , fi r a copy before deciding upon your summer trip. 

THEO. BUTTERFIELD, 
E. S. BOWEN, Gen'l Passenger Agent, 

Acting Gen'l Manager, Oswego. N. Y. 



SARATOGA 
VICHY WATER. 



Most Delicious of Saratog"a Waters. 




A FINE TABLE WATER. 
It mixes well with Syrup, Wines, or Milk. 

For Sale by the Glass, fresh from the Bottle, at oiiv Office, 

351 Broadway, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 



SARATOGA VICHY SPRING CO. 



SARATOGA SF*K.INGS, N. Y. 



Ocean Grove Hygienic Institute, 

OCEAN GROVE, NEW JERSEY. 

A Seaside Siinirariiiin, whero jiationts may bo treated or have operations 
I»'rli>riiu'd, either by their family physician or surj^eoii, or supervised by 
liini, with suitable surroundinf?s aiul applianoes at the seaside in summer or 
winter. For such purposes, rooms, nurses, and attendants will be furnished 
members of the I'cgulflr profession, or they may witb confidence send 
patients, suffering- from any receivable condition, with prescription for 
a course of treatment; directions will be followed, and results reported. 
We are careful to avoid all appearances of a hospital, while we secure 
every attention to our [)atients. I refer by special permission to I). Hayes 
Agnew, M.D., and AVm. Hunt, M.O., of the University of Pennsylvania; 
J. M. DaCosta. M.D., of .Jefferson Medical College, J. E. Garretson, M.D., 
of Medico Chinirg-ical College, Philadelphia; Rev. E. H. Stokes, D.D., 
Rev. A. E. Ballard, Kev. Jos. H. Thornley, of Ocean Grove; Uev. G. W. 
Miller, D.D., and Rev. Geo. Lansing Taylor, D.D., Brooklyn; Rev. C. P. 
Masden, D.D., New York City. 

Our Methods embrace — 1st, Rest :— In the midst of Pine Groves, three 
hundred yards from the sea. 2d, Exercise :— Calisthenics— Gymnastics- 
Riding— Driving'— Boating— Bathing— Massage and Electricity. 3d, Diet : 
— Selected when necessary ; unrestricted in ordinarj'. 4th, Inhalation : 
—Gases of all medical virtues. Atmosphere medicated and of varied 
densities. 

APPARATUS— 1st, Three Buildings :— Steam Heat— Gas— Artesian 
Water and Sewer Connections. 2d, Baths :— In every form and character- 
Douche— Sitz— Shower— Plunge— Pool— Russian— Turkish- Roman—Packs 
and Thermo-Electricity— Hot Sand— Hot Clay or Mud Bath— Sulphur, etc.— 
Medicated Water Baths— Pine Needle and Rheumatic. 

CASES RECEl V A BLE— 1st, Light Mental Troubles. 2d, Nervous Pros- 
tration. 3d, The Opium or Alcohol Habit. 4th, Nervous Troubles- 
Neuralgia, Paralyses, Rheumatisms, and Hyperajsthesios. 5th, Catarrhs of 
Throat and Head, (ith. Lung, Liver, and Kidney Troubles. 7th, Dyspepsias 
and Chronic Intestinal Disorders. 8th, Scrofulous and other Constitutional 
Diseases. 9th, Troubles resulting from Pneumonia, Scarlet and other 
Fevers. 10th. Malarias. 

SPECIAL WO U K— Gynecology :— The Surgery of the Institute -will be 
confined to Gynecological cases, except in emergencies. 

THE OPTICAL DEPARTMENT— Chronic Troubles foi- the Eye, Fitting 
and Supplying Glasses, and Treating such Acute Conditions as are liable to 
;u-ise at the Sea Shore. 

Acute or Contagious Diseases "Will Not be Received, except 
Childicn's Troubles, at our option. 

Rates :— For Board, ST.OO to S15.00 per week. For Board, Massage, and 
Full Baths, S20.00 to $30.00 per week. Medical Examination, upon request, 
with advice as to condition and Bath, $.5.00. Medical Care and Treatment, 
not including Surgical Operations, $5.00 to $15.00 per week. Special charge 
for operations or special cases. 

D. M. BARR, M.D., Proprietor, 

Member of the Pcnnsvlviiuia State :Me(li(al Society. Philadeljduft County 
MciiiiMi Soiictv, l'inlad<'lphi;i Obstitrical Soeiety, Consulting Physician 
to Philadelphia Methodist Orphanage, Surgeon to Post 77, G-. A. B., 
Philadelphia. 



IF I CAN ONLY 

AFFORD TO TAKE ONE WEEKLY PAPER 

THIS IS WHAT I WANT: 

I WANT 

To keep abreast of the current of 

Religious tliought and of the progress 
I WANT Of all the great reform movements. 

All the latest Home News, 

All the latest Foreign News, 

AH the Latest Political News. 
I WANT 

News of the doings of the Republican party. 

News of the doings of the Democratic part . 
I WANT 

The best Market Reports, 

The most reliable quotations of Farm Products, 

Live Stock Markets, Financial and Commercial. 
I WANT 

Sensible and seasonable Editorials 

On Political, Social, and Moral Questions. 
I WANT 

The Cream of the Best Editorials 

In the New York and other daily and weekly papers 

To let me know what they think of matters. 
I WANT 

Good, Reliable Farm and Garden Articles 

Written by Practical Men. 
I WANT 

To know something of the Home Life of 

The American people, and of their 

Life, thoughts, and experiences. 
I ^VANT 

Pleasant moral stories for the Young People, 

Then the children will look for the paper 

As they do for a friend. 
I WANT 

Stories of Interest for us Elders, 

For we, too, like our hours of leis<ire. 

THIS IS WHAT I DON'T WANT: 

I DON'T WANT 

Long, padded News Articles ; 

The padding doesn't add to the value. 

And I haven't time to read them. 
I DON'T WANT 

Fierce, one-sided Editorials, 

Written by special pleaders, 

Who cannot see anything good 

In any other side but their own. 

NOW, WHAT PAPER WILL FILL THE BILL? 

WE ANSWER: 

THE NEW YORK WEEKLY WITNESS 

EVERY I^IME. 
$1 A YEAR. $1 A YEAR. $1 A YEAR. 

The Witness is just the paper for Faimors. F'tirmers' Wives, Farmers' Sons, Farmers' 
Daughters, Country Merchants. Country Store-Keejiers, Blacksmiths, Carpenters, Builders, 
Stone Masons, and all other laborers who fniiii ihe backbone of our Country and who want 
to be thoroughly posted in what is going on in the World. 

Sample copies sent free to any address. Write to us for copies for free distribution. 

Address JOHN DOUGALL & CO., 

No. 150 Nassau St., New York City. 



Saratoga Kissingen Water. 

A FINE TABLE WATER AND A 
PLEASANT BEVERAGE. 



THIS popular Water was discovered in 1872, 
and is rapidly cro^vding out all other 
table -waters. 

It is bottled only with its own natural 
carbonic acid gas, and is put up for family, 
hotel, and bar use, in quart and pint bottles. 
The Saratoga Kissingen has more fixed gas 
than any other natural spring vsrater known in 
this country. It mixes w^ell -with wines, and 
■when drank with meals, or soon after, is a 
great aid to digestion; when taken at night, 
before retiring, it is quieting in its effects. 



Send for Circulars and Price-List. 



The Saratoga Kissingen Spring Co., 

Office, 369 and 371 Broadway, 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 
H. F. GARY, Sup't and Treas. 



TiaiE j^K/Lin^a-Tonsr. 



I 






■fr ^ fe, 5i fl rl^*^ ^"^Pf 









Ul*^ 







"VV^SHINGrTOiSr, D. C 

T. E. ROESSLE, - » - Proprietor. 




DELAVAN HOUSE, Albany, N. Y., 

T. E. ROESSIiB, Proprietor. 



Clarendon Springs, Vermont. 

CLARENDON HOUSE AND COTTAGES. 

Open from June to October. Accommodations for 200 siiests. Farm of 170 
acres connected with the Hotel. 

CLARENDON SPRINGS WATER. 

THE " UPPER SPRING" is a specific for Cutaneous Disease?, Dyspepsia, 
Gout, and Rheumatism. THE "LOWER SPRING " is wonderful as a 
Diuretic. THE "NORTH SPRING " is a Laxative Water. When used 
freely will cure constipation. GSJf" Table Water of Highest Excellence. ^BQ 

A few extracts from Letters and Testimcmials ; 

New York, August .'W, 1887. 
Messrs. Murray Brothers — I have hcen tioubled for forty-tive years with salt 
rheum, and for the past twenty years have had from one to three attacks yearly of 
erysipelas. Four weeks at your Springs, drinking the water and bathing in it, has 
completely restored me, and my skin is now cleaner from ci uption that it has been 
for forty-live years. Yours truly, CYRUS PALMER, 193 Temple Court. 

Cambriege, Mass., September 20, 1887. 
Messrs. Murray Brothers— After an experience of more than flity years in the 
use of Clarendon Spring Water, I can speak with confidence of their value as 
remedial agents. While the waters of all the springs are tonic, that of the North 
Spring is a laxative, acting mildly upon the intestinal canal, and is a (sovereign 
cure for constipation. MASON D. BENSON, Treasurer Fitchburg R. R. Co. 

Miudlebury, Vt., Novembers, 1884. 
Messrs. Murray Brothers— Having prescribed Clarendon Spring Water in 
several obstinate cases of eczema and catarrh of the bladder with good success, I 
can heartily recommend it to those who may be suffering from obstinate skin 
diseases, accompanied or caused by a torpid condition of the liver and kidneys. 
Respectfully, M. D. SMITH, M.D. 

Rutland, Vt., February 24, 1885. 
Messrs. Murray Brothers— In the last thirty years I have seen an army of 
sufferers cured by the wonderful healing powers of this most delicious of waters. 
People broken down by overwork and shattered nerves are rapidly restored, dys- 
peptics are cured, while those who suffer from any affection of the mucous mem- 
branes, stomach, kidneys, skin, etc., quickly improve. 1 know of no place where 
so many good combinations exist, of pure water, exhilarating air, fine drives, quiet 
and freedom from all annoyances, as are found at Clarendon Springs. 

Y'ours cordially, E. A. POND, M.D. 

The "Christian Union" Editouial Rooms, 

New York, January 38, 1885. 
Messrs. Murray Brothers— For all persons who are in a quandary as to what 
they shall drink, such water as the Clarendon Springs Water seems to me a 
-reat benefaction. Yours sincerely, LYMAN ABBOTT. 

Brooklyn, N. Y., February 11, 1RK5. 
Messrs. Murray Brothers — I regard the Clarendon Springs Water worthy of 
being ranked in the first class of table waters. HENRY WARD BEECHER. 

New Y'ork, February 12, 1885. 
Messrs. Murray Brothers— The Clarendon Springs Water I find very refreshing 
and wholesome. It has a special appetizing power at a meal. 

Yours very truly, HOWARD CROSBY. 



For pamphlet containing numerous letters and testimonials in full, hotel 

rates, etc., address MURRAY BROTHERS, Proprietors, 

Clarendon Springes, Vermontt 



FOR SU MMER R EADING. 

BOVESEN. VA<iABO\D TAliES. 

Vaijabund Tales, by Iljalniar Hjorlh Boyesen, is a cnllection of seven of the best and 
lati'st novelettes of this prince of story-tellers. Strong, simple, manly, tender, pathetic, 
dramatic, and pure. $1.25. 
I-UNT. ACROSS LOTS. 

Across Lots, by Horace Lunt, is just the book for the Summer outing. No better com- 

E anion for a stroll by pond and river, roadway and hillside, could be selected. It is charromg, 
elpful, suggestive, and poetic. $1.25. 

THO;>IPSON. THE STORY OF liOUISIANA. 

The Story of Louisiana, by Maurice Thompson, is a history made romantic, and infor- 
mation made entertaining. A strong but picturesque presentation of one of the most 
dramatic of American commonwealths. $1.50. 
LUSKA. MY UNCLE FI.ORIWONJ). 

My Uncle Florimond, by Sidney Luska (Henry Harland), though written for young 
people, has been even more thoroughly enjoyed by the thousands of older readers who know 
the fascinating work of the author of "As It Was Written," and "Orandison Mather," A 
capital character study. $1.00. 

MOODEY. ALAN THORNE. 

Alan. Thome, by Martha Livingston Moodey, tells a simple story in a straightforward 
way. and should be read by the mass of readers who have been fascinated by the brilliancy of 
"Robert Elsmere." It shows "the other side" in a way to enlist sympathy and awaken 
thought. $1.25. 

HEATON. THE STORY OF VERMONT. 

The Story of Vermont, by John L. Heaton, is a practical but picturesque presentment 
of the history of that most sturdy American commonwealth — the noble Green Mountain State. 
The first history of the State in forty years. gl.50. 



LOTHROP'S SUMMER SERIES FOR 1889. 

PAPER COVERS. 

Some of the Best Things in Recent Fiction at 3Sc each. 

TILTING AT WINDAII LliS. Connelly. 

A story of Northern endeavor in Southern fields. An interstate romance. 

THE OOCTOR OF DEANE. Palmer. 

A tender and captivating love story of good women at cross purposes. 

A MODERN JACOB. Stiinit. 

One of the best of recent stories of New England village life. 

THE RUSTY LINCHPIN anil LUBOFF -. , , , 

ARCHIPOVNA. Kokhanovsky. 

Two c.tquisite idyls of Russian rur.il lilc. 

Send for a catalogue ; 2000 live American books, representing every department of literature, 

THE LOTHROP MAGAZINES. 

WIDE AWAKE. 

The best Magazine for Young People and the Family. Over 80 pages of choicest reading 
matter ami fine art every month. The best writersand artists contribute to make it a success. 
Serials by Charles R. Talbot and Margaret Sidney now running. Only SvJ.40 a year. 

BABYLAND. 

The one Magazine in the world for babies. Dainty stories, beautiful pictures, tender and 
amusing poems. Only 50 cents a year. 

OUR LITTLE MEN AND WOMEN. 
The little folks' own Magazine, which they can read for tliemselves. Little stories, games, 
pieces to speak, full-page pictures, large print. Otily $1.U0 a year. 

THE PANSY. 
Edited by " Pansy " — Mrs. G. R. Alden. Devoted to young people from eight to fifteen. 
Adapted to both Sunday and week-day reading. Full of " Pansy's ' m.agnetic spirit. 

Only $1.00 a year. 
Specimens of the four Magazines, 15 cents; any one, 5 cents, 

D. LOTHROP COMPANY, Boston, 

(Opiiosite Bronifieid Street.) 364 and 366 Washington Street. 



WILLARD'S HOTEL 




_ 1 



,i;iir)5l 
111 \l 



'"^ . .=-. J. .a lia ns 1 itii im ».^S i ! fhi n c <:-ff 




AA^ASHINGTON, D. C. 



This old-established and chosen rendezvous and favorite abiding- 
place of the most famous men and women of America has, under the 
present management, been thoroughly renovated at an expense of 
over $100,000, and is now pronounced as the model Hotel in regard 
to luxurious apartments, cuisine, service and system for heat- 
ing and ventilation. 

The "Willard" is located within a stone's-throw of the Execu- 
tive Mansion, Treasury, War, Navy and State Departments, the De- 
partment of Justice, Corcoran Art Gallery, and other numerous points 
of interest, and can justly be called the most convenient Hotel for 
tourists and other travelers in Washington City. 

0. G. STAPLES, Proprietor. 

Formerly of the Thousand Island House 



Also HOTEL, POMENAH, Milfoid Springs, W. H. Post Oflice and 
Telegraph address, Amlierst Station, N. H., B. & L. R. K., 48 Miles 
from Boston. Open from July to November. 




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ptiw »9yio »soJ "H 'Jfl 'sSiiiJdg PJOJIIK 'H"VJfi:iIttOa HtaXOH o»lV 



HOTKL. POMl-lIVAH— Miiroi-d Springs, N. II. Post OHlce and Tele, 
giaptl address, Amherst Station, N. H., B. & L.. U. K. 48 Miles front 
Boston. Open July lo November, 







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-»1»X 1»"« o-»WO »soj -H *N 's2««!Jds pJojlHil— HVAiaittOtI laJiOH 



THE CONGREOATIONALIST. 

[Established 75 Years.] 

The Oldest Religious Netvspaper in the World. 
The National Denominational Organ. 



TERMS: $3.00 IN ADVANCE. 



The CoNGREGATiONALiST is a family religious journal (weekly) 
wliicb, in all its various departments, aims to Iteep fully abreast of 
the times. It makes a specialty of the prayer meeting, giving a 
topic which is used by multitudes of churches, and commenting on 
the same each week. If has a staff of seven editors in the home office, 
besides an editor in New York and in Chicago, and a list of contrib 
utors which includes many eminent men and women in all depart- 
ments of Christian thought and activity. 

The following classification will give some idea of the great 
variety of matter furnished by The Congregationalist. The 
endeavor is made to meet the tastes of each member of the family, 
young and old, so far as possible. 

News from the Churches. 
Literary Review. 

The Home. 

Our Young People. 
Editorials. 
Diary of Events. Poetry. 

Notes from Abroad. Education. 

The Sunday School. 

The Prayer-Meeting. 
Sketches. Farm and Garden. 

Missions. Selections. 

Secular News. Commercial. 

Public Opinion. 

New York Letter. 

Chicago Letter. 

Washington Letter. 

All these departments are edited with great care, it being our 
constant aim to furnish only the choicest reading on every page. 



For chtb rates, premiums, trial subscriptions, icrite to 

W. L. GREENE 8z: CO., Publishers, 

1 Somerset Street, Boston. 




The Successful Remedy for Nasal 

CATARRH 

HAY-FEVER. 

Must be nou irritating, easy of application, 
and one that will, by its own action, reach all 
the remote sores and ulcerated surfaces. The 
efforts to treat catarrh during the ])ast few 
years demonstrate that only one remedy has 
met these conditions, and that is Ely's Cream Balm. This safe and 
pleasant remedy has mastered catarrh as nothing else has ever done, 
and ))oth physicians and patients freely concede this fact. The more 
distressing symptoms quickly yield to it, and a multitude of persons 
who have for years borne all tlie worry and pain that catarrh can 
inflict, testify to radical and permanent cures wrought by it. 

Ely's Cream Balm is soothing, excites no dread, dissolves the 
hardened accumulations, lessens the extreme sensibility of the mem- 
brane to cold and all external irritants, and is followed by no 
reaction whatever. 

A cold in the head is an inflammation of the lining membrane of 
the nasal passages, which, when unchecked, is certain to produce a 
catarrhal condition — for catarrh is essentially a ' ' cold " which nature 
is no longer able to resolve or throw off. 



I suffered fnm catarrh 12 yeai-s. Tlie 
droppinf/s into my throat 2ve)'e nause- 
ating. My none bled almost daily. Since 
the first day's use of Ely's Cream Balm 
have had no bleeding, the sm'eness is en- 
tirely gone.— D. (r. Davidson, with '■ The 
Boston Budget."" 

For eight years I suffered from ca- 
taii'h. After using Ely's Cream Balm 
for six weeks I believe myself cured. It 
is a most agreeable remedy. — Joseph 
Stewart, 624 Grand Avenue, Brooklyn, 

N. r. 

/ had catarrh very badly and could 
hardly breaih". Suffered over lenyears. 
I am using Ely's Cream Balm; it is 
working a cure, svrely. I have induced 
several friends to u^e it, and tvith happy 
results in every case.—E. W. Sperry, 
Hartford, Conn. 



I used Ely's Cream Balm and consider 
myself cured. I suffered 20 years from ca- 
tarrh and catar7/ial headache. This is the 
first remedy that a forded lasting relief. — 
Z>. T. Higginson, 145 Lake St., Cliicago. 

I suffered from severe cold in my head 

for rriontfis without relief, Ely's Cream 

Balm has worked like magic in its cure, 

after using it one xeeek. — 8. J. Harris, 

Wholesale Grocer, ilQ Front St., JV. Y. 

I was -s'o 9n'uch troubled ivith catarrh it 
seriously affected my voice. One bottle of 
Ely's Cream Balm did the uwk. My 
voice is t'vlly restored. — B. F. lAepsner, 
A.M., Pastor of the Olivet Baptist 
Church, Philadelphia. 

1 have been a great .sufferer from dry 
catarrh for m,nny years. Ely's Cream 
Balm cchnpletely cured me. — it. J. Lally, 
39 Woodward Avenue, Boston. 



Ely's Cream Balm is not a liquid, snuff, or powder. Applied into the nostrils it is 
quickly af)S(/rbed. It cleanses the head, allays inflammation , heals the .sores, restores 
the senses of taste and smell. Sold by druggists or sent on 
receipt of 
price. 



50c 



ELY BROTHERS, 56 Warren St., New York. 



/ rofuf CO 

50c 




The Kodak Camera. 

Every person who visits any oltlic numerous 
sumnuT resorts should include the Kodak 
Camera in his or her outfit. 

The Kodak nuiy be used hy anybody. To 

takea])ictureone has l)ut to "|>ress the button." 

We do the developinu- and finishing if desired. 

The Kodak is but six and one-half inches 

long, and weighs less than two pounds. 

A liandsome rtisset leather carrying ease is a 

part of each outfit. Each Camera is loaded for 

100 pictures, which are taken instantaneously. 

The Kodak will enable you to secure a couiplete illustrated 

record of the many interesting sights and occurrences of your 

journey or visit. 

|^= Buy no Camera but the Kodak. There are cheap and 
■worthless imitations. Ask for the " Kodak " and get it. 
For sale by all dealers in photographic goods. Price, $35.00. 
SENT) TO US FOR A COPT OF THE KODAK PRIMER, 
COXTAIXIXG SAMPLE PHOTOGRAPH. 

THE EiSTMM DRY PLATE A MD FILM CO., R OCHESTER, H. Y. 

TOBACCO AND CIGARETTES 



ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR TOURISTS. 

Fine Smoking Mixtures— Three Kings, Turk- 
ish and Virginia, Perique and Virginia, 
Mellow Mixture, Salmagundi, 
Granulated. 



KIMBALL'S SATIN STRAIGHT CUT CIGARETTES 

Are exquisite In style. 

Are dainty, and carefully made. 

Are extremely mild and delicate. 

Are always uniform and up to standard. 
Are put up In satin and elegant boxes. 

Are unsurpassed for purity and excellence. 

Are specially adapted to people of refined taste. 

Are composed of only the finest Virginia and Turkish leaf 

(4 FIRST PRIZE MEDALS. WM. S. KIMBALL & CO., 

Peerless Tobacco Works. Rochester, N. Y. 




JANUARY 1st, 1889. 

69th Semi-Annual Financial Statement 

OP THE 

Phcenix Insurance Co 

OF HARTFORD, CONN., 

At close of Business, December 31st, 1888. 



CASH CAPITAL, - - $2,000,000.00 

ASSETS AyAILABLE FOR FIRE LOSSES, 



$5,061,247.17 



AS FOLLOWS 
Cash on Hand, in Bank, and with Agpnis. 
United Slates and State Stocks and Bonds, 
Hartford Bank Stocks. 
Miscellaneous Bank Stockf, 
Corporation and Railroad Stocks and Bonds, 
County, City, and Water Bonds, 
Real Estate. .... 
Loans on Collateral, . 
Real Estate Loans, 
Accumulated Interest and Rents, 

TOTAL CASH ASSETS, 

LI.\BILITIES. 

Cash Capital. ...... 

Reserve for Outsta' ding Losses, 

Reserve for Re-Insurance, .... 

NET SURPLUS 

TOTAL ASSETS, 



$566,677 07 

149,300 00 

582,150 00 

330,739 00 

2,255,370 00 

103,510 00 

231,594 10 

33,922 50 

785,550 00 

22.4.34 50 

^,061,247 17 



$2,000,000 00 

246,175 25 

1,642.656 49 

1,172,415 43 

$5.061 ,'247 17 



Total Losses Paid since Organisation of Company, 

$24,085,463.63 

H. KELLOOG, President. D. W. C. SKILTON. Vice-President. 

J. H. MITCHELL. 2d Vice-President. GEO. H. BURDICK, Secretaky. 

CHAS. E. GALACAR, Ass't Secretary. 



H. M. MAGILL. (i- neral Agent Western Department. Cincinnati, Ohio. 

THEO. F. SPE.\R, Assistant General Agent Western Department, Cincinnati. Ohio. 

A. E. MAGILL, General Agent Pacific Department, San Francisco, Cal. 

NEW YORK OFFICE, 166 BROADWAY, 

J. R. McCAY, Manager. ^'IZ^rv-j 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



014 112 766 4 




